A review on research methods and studies in forest population genetics Bozic, G. (Slovenian Forestry Inst., Ljubljana (Slovenia)); Brus, R. (Ljubljana Univ. (Slovenia). Biotechnical Fac., Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources Dept.); Breznikar, A. (Slovenian Forest Service, Maribor (Slovenia)) ...
Gozdarski vestnik (Slovenia),
(2000), Volume:
58, Issue:
9
Journal Article
Modern research methods in forest population genetics and studies from this field of research in Slovenia are presented. The results from the population genetic studies of Douglas fir, silver fir, ...black pine, spruce, beech and oaks, assessed on the basis of provenance trials and isozyme and DNA analysis, are presented.
Results of the 1999 Forest Condition Survey Mavsar, R. (Slovenian Forestry Inst., Ljubljana (Slovenia))
Gozdarski vestnik (Slovenia),
(2000), Volume:
58, Issue:
1
Journal Article
The article presents results of the 1999 Forest Condition Survey, carried out on 16 x 16 km grid-net, together with a short review of the 1999 Forest Condition Survey Condition in Murska Suma. The ...survey sample was comprised of 984 trees on 41 plots. Their average defoliation rate was 24.3 percent, with 29.1 percent of sample trees damaged (trees with defoliation rate higher than 25 percent). The highest average defoliation rate among coniferous trees was observed in the Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and in the Chestnut tree (Castanea sativa Mill.) for broad-leaved species. In comparison to 1998 survey, conditions had not significantly changed. Even though both indicators of defoliation rate and rate of damaged trees for the overall sample increased, differences are not significant. Besides defoliation rate, damages of identifiable biotic, abiotic, and antropogenic causes were also listed. Damages of leaves in 28.1 percent of crowns were prevailing due to primary pests, as well as ones of a trunk, in 20.5 percent of trees that were mainly caused by forest activities of cutting and removal. Survey results from Murska Suma present the average defoliation rate of 28.4 percent and the most damaged of tree species, the European oak (Quercus robur L.) with the highest rate of average defoliation.
The purpose, history and perspectives of Slovenian forest reserves network are presented in the paper. Special attention is given to the virgin forest reserves of Pecka and Rajhenavski Rog. Both ...reserves are representatives of Dinaric fir-beech forest region. At the beginning of the 1980's both forest reserves were fully measured and the development phases and the distribution of the tree diameters were analyzed. In 1998, the same measurements were done on the permanent research plots in Pecka. All the analyses show, that development processes and stand parameters change rapidly. Stand structures are not constant. Both forest reserves differ in all analyzed elements. Aerial photos are useful and can contribute to the development of objective methods in horizontal structure research.
The article deals with the structure, development and regeneration of the Alpine spruce forest in the Valley of Lopucnica. The measurements were carried out on the permanent research plot by the Crno ...Jezero lake and its surroundings. The developmental trends of these stands, as well as the structure of Norway spruce crowns and regeneration processes were studied. The study has shown little changes in the past fifteen years. Growing stock is considerably high (720 m3/ha) and is increasing. The tree crowns are long, narrow and asymmetrical because the trees grow in clusters. Spruce regeneration is scarce. Regeneration emergence, growth and its development mainly depend on potential direct sunlight, micro-relief and dead wood mass.
In 1998 survey on breeding birds was carried out on a sample plot of 13.3 ha in the beech-spruce forest on Dobrovlje Karst Plateau in the Kamnik-Savinja Alps. 25 species were breeding within a ...mapping plot, reaching a density of 62.4 pairs per 10 ha. Looking at the overall abundance, Regulus regulus and Parus ater possess together 31 percent of all territories. Number of migrants presented with one species only was very low. The most numerous group according to its biomass was a group of species that nests in the crown with 75.5 percent. The breeding bird assemblage near Kraple farm has a composition of species and its density similar to assessed associations in other parts of Dobrovlje Plateau. According to Sorensen and Rekonen Index the similarity of bird assemblages depends also on geographical position and latitude.
Wood-extraction with logging skidder IWAFUJI T-41 Klun, J. (Slovenian Forestry Inst., Ljubljana (Slovenia)); Poje, A. (Kocevje (Slovenia))
Gozdarski vestnik (Slovenia),
(2000), Volume:
58, Issue:
7-8
Journal Article
In order to improve wood production technology, eight logging skidders IWAFUJI T-41 were bought by the forest company GOZDARSTVO GRCA plc. Kocevje and introduced into the wood production in 1992 to ...make it more efficient. With smaller and more ecological skidders the needs for new standard times set for team work were met. A team is consisted of a tractor driver and two wood cutters helping each other with felling and skidding. Special attention was paid to what is typical for team work such as delays caused during the work operations and different ways of team work. Standard time for bunching and work in the auxiliary storage place is higher in comparison to other tractors. The skidding efficiency of uphill and level skidding is similar to the efficiency of the big logging skidders. According to conditions the standard performance varies between 15 and 50 tones per workday. Different working groups have different ways of performing.
Between October 1997 and February 1998 the authors have been studying bird assemblages of the extensive agricultural area (meadows with hedges) in the Lower Savinja Valley (Central Slovenia). The ...study plot has measured 67 ha and has lied in the Prealpine area. 15 checks were carried out altogether with 50 registered bird species. During the whole period only eight species were regularly observed: Passer montanus, Fringilla coelebs, Corvus cornix, Pica pica, Parus major, Buteo buteo, Parus caeruleus and Troglodytes troglodytes. Only Passer montanus and Fringilla coelebs were dominant species during the whole period. The most stable flocks throughout the study were found in Passer montanus and Parus major.
Most important diseases of seedlings and plants of trees which appear in forest nurseries in Slovenia are quoted. The following diseases are dealt with in groups: diseases of seedlings, spruce, ...pines, european larch, other conifers, oaks, maples, limes, poplars, other broadleaves. The active ingredients of plant protecting chemicals for the control of these diseases are given.
The article deals with the horology of wild cherry, its ecological needs, silvicultural characteristics and properties of wood. More particulary are given the results of investigation about stands ...structure in which the wild cherry has an important share. Height and diameter growth are dealt in detail. Wild cherry is a fast growing tree species on good sites. If it grows with released crown it can reach a diameter up to 50 cm at the age of 35 to 50 years. At the age of 45 to 50 years the stems are usually attacked by rottenness, therefore the management with wild cherry requires short rotations. The production of wood of the best quality needs the pruning in the first years of its growth, because the natural pruning is not sufficient. The wild cherry usually grows together with other tree species, which reach the bigger height as cherry trees, therefore the wild cherry should be admixed in the stands in a small groups.
Development of forest management in selection forests in Slovenia is described. Evaluation of sustainable forest management (SFM) and planning was based on diameter structure, comparing actual ...diameter structure to normal (ideal) diameter structure. However, negative exponential distribution is not always appropriate to present ideal diameter structure. Analysis of diameter structure is not sufficient for evaluation of SFM in selection forests. At the same time, evaluation of other stand parameters is necessary, e.g. natural regeneration, tree species composition, vitality, growing stock and volume increment, quality etc. Comparison of the above mentioned parameters to their reference values presents a basis for silvicultural measures. Reference values can be determined either by analysis of reference plots or by monitoring of stand development. Author suggests to improve monitoring of selection forests by establishing reference plots, used for monitoring the selection forest on stand level.
