Due to expansion of vector borne diseases and their importance for human
health we have investigated the prevalence of antibodies to Leishmania
infantum antigens in serum samples of dogs. ...Leishmaniasis is a disease caused
by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. According to the World Health
Organization the disease is a constant threat to 350 million people in 88
countries, provided that most Mediterranean countries belong to the area
designated as endemic. Since Crna Gora is a country of Mediterranean basin,
it is important to present the results of the investigation on the presence
of antibodies on L. infantum antigens in blood serum of dogs, considering
that dogs can be reservoirs and source of infection for humans. In the period
from 2006. to 2010., there were tested 433 serum samples of dogs with
clinical symptoms and 68 serum samples of dogs without symptoms of the
disease. Those were dogs with visible symptoms of the disease such as
alopecia, weight loss and lymphadenomegalia. In 66% of cases, there was known
hematological profile with predominant hypochromic anemia and neutrophilic
leukocytosis. As mentioned above, the investigation included also 68
asymptomatic dogs in good condition, out of which 45 were service dogs in use
in military and police as well as 23 dogs from the asylum. By Indirect
immunofluorescence test or Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Technique (IF-AT)
and Direct Agglutination Test (DAT), there was determined the presence of
specific antibodies to L. infantum antigens. Positive findings in the serum
dilution 1:160 was deter?mined in 258 samples (59.58%) in the group of dogs
with clinical symptoms, and in 5.9% in the tested asymptomatic dogs. A part
of the territory of Crna Gora with its average annual air temperature of 14.6
- 17.8?C and mediterranean climate (long, warm and dry summer and mild, rainy
winter) has all the prerequisites for the development and maintenance of the
infection. The confirmed presence of five kinds of Phlebotomines on the
territory of Crna Gora which are essential in the cycle of developing and
maintaining of Leishmania species with dominant Phlebotomus neglectus
species, additionally proves a great risk of occur?rence and maintenance of
the disease. The obtained results of seroprevalence in dogs are in
correlation with the results of 55 cases of visceral leishmaniasis recorded
by the Institute for Public Health in people from 1992 to 2009. Taking into
consideration that seronegative findings and absence of symptoms does not
exclude the infection, as well as that seropositive finding does not
necessarily confirm it, a high level of seroprevalence (of 59.58%) in dogs in
urban regions of Crna Gora, recorded during 5 years period, is by itself an
alarming epizootiological and epidemiological fact.
nema
The objective of this study represent the relationship of sport and national identity in Montenegro, while the main goal refers the requirement that sport should be used for the strengthening of ...national identity as much as possible. The main tasks of this study are, the first to define the theoretical framework, such as nation, nationalism and national identity, then to analize qualitative relationship between sport and national identity as well as to analiye future perspectives of its application in Montenegrin society. During the making of this study, the author used descriptive method with consulting of competent literature. The previous author’ experience in this field was also so useful. Moreover, the author used the analytic method and parallel method that is the most productive if you make some inferences about some appearance.
U radu se obrađuje 310 hrvatskih prezimena u Crnoj Gori u područjima gdje su Hrvati autohtono stanovništvo (Boka kotorska, Spič, Bar s okolicom i Šestani). U prvome se dijelu rada donose ...dijalektološki podatci, pri čemu se ističe neuključenost govora istočno od Boke kotorske u hrvatska dijalektološka istraživanja te činjenica da su govori na širemu barskom području jedini dio hrvatskoga neprekinutog jezičnog područja koji izravno graniči s albanskim. Zatim se naznačuje razvoj antroponimijske formule na koju su uvelike utjecale različite povijesne prilike (ponajprije osmanlijska osvajanja, ali i razgraničenje u današnjoj Crnoj Gori nakon povlačenja Osmanlija iz tih krajeva). Prezimena se u središnjemu dijelu rada dijele s obzirom na motivaciju i jezično postanje. Ujedno ih se uspoređuje s prezimenima koja nose pripadnici ostalih na roda (pripadnici drugih južnoslavenskih naroda i Albanci) koji nastanjuju navedeno područje.
U radu se analizira slika Antona Karingera iz 1862. koja prikazuje ispraćaj tijela crnogorskog kneza Danila I., ubijenog u atentatu 1860. godine, iz Kotora u Cetinje. Sadržaj slike, njezini ...protagonisti i njihove funkcije tumače se u kontekstu političkih odnosa Austrijskog Carstva i Crne Gore u doba Danila I. Likovna struktura slike predstavljena je kao izraz onovremenih reformi historijskog i pejzažnog slikarstva.
U radu se obrađuje 310 hrvatskih prezimena u Crnoj Gori u područjima gdje su Hrvati autohtono stanovništvo (Boka kotorska, Spič, Bar s okolicom i Šestani). U prvome se dijelu rada donose ...dijalektološki podatci, pri čemu se ističe neuključenost govora istočno od Boke kotorske u hrvatska dijalektološka istraživanja te činjenica da su govori na širemu barskom području jedini dio hrvatskoga neprekinutog jezičnog područja koji izravno graniči s albanskim. Zatim se naznačuje razvoj antroponimijske formule na koju su uvelike utjecale različite povijesne prilike (ponajprije osmanlijska osvajanja, ali i razgraničenje u današnjoj Crnoj Gori nakon povlačenja Osmanlija iz tih krajeva). Prezimena se u središnjemu dijelu rada dijele s obzirom na motivaciju i jezično postanje. Ujedno ih se uspoređuje s prezimenima koja nose pripadnici ostalih naroda (pripadnici drugih južnoslavenskih naroda i Albanci) koji nastanjuju navedeno područje.
The paper analyses the attitude of communist authorities in Montenegro towards the Montenegrin metropolitan and one of the most important South Slavic writers of the 19th century, Petar II Petrović ...Njegoš. His work, primarily the book Gorski vijenac, is said to be the cornerstone of Montenegrin spirituality. Unlike other writers of that period, the Communist Party could not dismiss Njegoš’s work. On the contrary, the work of the poet was interpreted in a new way by the Party, which used it in its efforts to build a new socialist society. Through the analysis of archival material, periodicals, and other sources, the author explains the new relationship of communist authorities towards the works of Petar II Petrović Njegoš. A special focus is placed on two events, the centenary of the publication of Gorski vijenac in 1947, and the centenary of Njegoš’s death in 1951, when the intentions of the Communist authorities to recognize and point out that the literary opus of Njegoš fits into a new, ideological context of a socialist state became clear.
The article provides activities of the Yugoslav Army (Vojska Jugoslavi-je, VJ) and especially its General Staff in the period prior to and after the federal Yugoslav election held on 24th September ...2000. The majority of initial activities were linked to the political situation in Montenegro. The article reveals the preparation of the VJ “top brass” to deploy the forces against the protesters during the mass post-election rallies in Belgrade and all over Serbia. Those protests led to Slobodan Milošević’s fall from political power and from his posi-tion as president of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The newly elected FRY president became Vojislav Koštunica, leader of the Democratic Party of Serbia, who soon became accepted as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav Army’s General Staff as the key military institution in the state. In the beginning it looked like the Army would take part against the protesters using standard repertoire of armored, engineer, and special forces. A preserved document testifies that preparations for intervention had been done, but that the huge opposition movement, masses of people on the streets, and the general disappointment with Milošević’s twelve-year rule prevented the army from taking any action in the streets. The calming down of the post-revolutionary events and the top military brass remaining unchanged was satisfactory to the General Staff. An article was written on the unrevealed Vojska Jugoslavije documents. In 2003, Federal Defense Minister Boris Tadić asked the General Staff to provide the relevant documents on the role of the VJ in events around and during 5th October. The other group of documents represents transcripts from the General Staff meetings held in September and October of 2000, which had been declassified by that time by Lt General Ponoš, chief of the General Staff.
Prije Prvog svjetskog rata u Crnoj Gori je bila dominantna Herbartova paradigma pedagogije. Međutim, tamošnje prosvjetne vlasti su bile u određenoj mjeri tolerantne prema nastavnicima koji se toga u ...praksi nisu u potpunosti pridržavali. Do njih su u to doba počeli dopirati raznovrsni novi pedagoški koncepti iz Europe i šire, što je još više dobilo na intenzitetu ulaskom Crne Gore u sustav Kraljevine Jugoslavije. Ipak, ideje reformskih pedagoških pokreta u Crnoj Gori između Dva svjetska rata nisu našle svoju primjenu, iako su stjecale sve veću afirmaciju u stručnoj javnosti. Tadašnja pedagoška znanstvena misao bila je nedovoljno razvijena, a obrazovna politika se nije razvijala samostalno i neovisno od ostatka zajedničke države, kao i kasnije u vrijeme SFR Jugoslavije i dominantne socijalističke pedagogije. Raspadom zajedničke države pojavio se brisani prostor koji je u Crnoj Gori omogućio obnavljanje i osvijestio potrebu za preispitivanje i otvorenost za dotada drugačije pedagoške koncepte, nove i stare nedovoljno istražene. Poslednjih par desetljeća postoje pokušaji provedbe određenih ideja i koncepata iz okvira reformske pedagogije, kao što su najčešće ideje Marie Montessori u predškolskim ustanovama. Praktično se najčešće reafirmacija pojedinih ideja reformske pedagogije predstavlja kao alternativa prethodnim paradigmama obrazovanja. Skoro da nema privatnih inicijativa i škola koje bi imale obilježja altenativnog pedagoškog koncepta. Ipak, kao alternativa „staroj školi“ realiziraju se brojni projekti, odnosno programi stručnog usavršavanja nastavnika i druge aktivnosti koje imaju za cilj unaprjeđivanje nastave i učenja u školama, kao što su Aktivno učenje – primjena metoda aktivne nastave/učenja, Korak po korak, Čitanje i pisanje za kritičko mišljenje, itd. Navedene aktivnosti i pojedine ideje reformske pedagogije su sve više prisutne i u službenim dokumentima strategije obrazovne politike Crne Gore. Međutim, u tim dokumentima moguće je pronaći i ne razumijevanja i problematične interpretacije, što se odražava i na programe za provedbe ideja reformske pedagogije i suvremenih alternativnih pedagoških koncepata.
Arhitekt Bruno Milić (1917.-2009.) projektirao je jednu od prvih višestambenih zgrada u Nikšiću - zgradu Meander 1958. godine. Izgrađena u stilu moderne s izrazitim poštovanjem prema kontekstu, ...zgrada Meander ima karakterističnu formu koja je jedinstvena ne samo u Crnoj Gori već i na području bivše Jugoslavije, ali i izvan nje. Tradicionalni elementi gradske arhitekture u Nikšiću predstavljeni su na nov način a da se njezin identitet nije narušio.
Architect Bruno Milić (1917-2009) designed one of the first multi-apartment high-rise building in the city of Nikšić, the Meander Building, in 1958. Built in a modernist manner with a strong respect for the context, the Meander Building has a characteristic shape that is unique not only in Montenegro, but also further afield. The traditional elements of Nikšić’s city architecture are presented in a new way in the Meander Building without losing its own identity.
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Predstavljeno istraživanje ima dva usko povezana cilja. Prvi, pokazati da je destimulativan zakonski okvir i u tom kontekstu izostanak financijskih poticaja članovima primarni uzrok neuspjeha ...dobrovoljnog mirovinskog osiguranja u Crnoj Gori. Drugi, da se u granicama postavljenog metodološkog okvira potvrdi da financijski poticaji predstavljaju jedan od bitnih faktora utjecaja na uspjeh sustava dobrovoljnog mirovinskog osiguranja. Istraživanje je postavljeno na način da iskoristi dvije ključne okolnosti: da Crna Gora predstavlja vrlo rijedak primjer zemlje u kojoj ne postoje financijski poticaji članovima, te da su pokazatelji ostalih ključnih faktora utjecaja na uspjeh dobrovoljnih mirovinskih fondova u Crnoj Gori i zemljama bivše Jugoslavije koje su predmet poredbene analize približno istih vrijednosti. Zahvaljujući tomu, autori su istraživanjem uspjeli izdvojiti snažno negativno djelovanje izostanka financijskih poticaja na poslovanje dobrovoljnih mirovinskih fondova u Crnoj Gori. Time su u bitnome potvrđene početne hipoteze o uzroku neuspjeha crnogorskog sustava, te značaju financijskih poticaja za razvoj dobrovoljnog mirovinskog osiguranja.
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