Geoffrey Bawa’s Circle can be defined as the collaborators and friends of Geoffrey Bawa, such as architect, artist and designer. Bawa had a close relationship and influence between Bawa’s Circle ...efforts indirectly because Bawa himself looked into old and traditional architecture supported and requested by his first client asking for a house, the Deraniyagala family in the same period of design survey by Bawa’s Circle. Among Geoffrey Bawa’s Circle, especially Ulrik Plesner and Barbara Sansoni had started to research old buildings in Sri Lanka for re-evaluating and exploring vernacular and traditional architecture. Ulrik Plesner was the closest partner, or architect, to Geoffey Bawa from 1959 to 1967, and Barbara Sansoni was the designer and supplied handlooms for hotels designed by Bawa. They wrote 54 articles and drawings on Ceylon Daily Mirror, which is popular newspaper from 1961 to 1963 as the outcomes of design survey by Bawa’s Circle. Ulrik Plesner was in charge of texts, Barbara Sansoni of drawings collaboratively. She developed their design survey to be published as “VIHARES + VERANDAHS CEYLON” in 1978 by herself. We have collected 54 articles of Ceylon Daily Mirror at the Department of National Archives in Colombo, Sri Lanka. And we classified into three types through the analysis of 47 old buildings they had researched from articles and Barbara’s book; houses, religious buildings, and public architecture and so on. There were 18 cases of houses and they had focused on vernacular houses on the road, walawwas or manor houses as well as the colonial bungalow. And there were 18 cases of religious buildings, Buddhist temples, Hindu shrines, churches or chapels and the mosque. It is especially characteristic that the Buddhist temple in Sri Lanka had the Devale which is the Hindu shrine inside the site historically. Finally, there were 11 cases of public architecture and so on. They had not only buildings, but also old paintings and map. In common of three building types, we found Bawa’s Circle had much interest, and reevaluated not only various style of architecture in the long history of Sri Lanka, but also the relationship between regional climate and spacial structure, materials, architectural details and technique of craftsmanship. They found the value of various and big roof made of tiles. On the other hand, they had focused on the relationship between the inner court (midula) and the lifestyle in houses, especially walawwas or manor houses. Moreover, they had introduced the materials and detail design of fittings, windows and doors in terms of micro scale precisely. In case of religious buildings, it was very important for them to explore the relationship between the environmental surroundings and religious buildings from the viewpoint of landscape and townscape macro scale. Finally we noted that design survey by Bawa’s Circle could not contribute to the preservation of old and traditional architecture in Sri Lanka enough, but completed the splendid archives of them and reevaluated old religious architecture and houses like Embekka temple.
Sansoni was a player of the cornetto, trombone and bassoon at San Marco in Venice, at the court in Graz and finally at the Imperial chapel in Vienna, where he died as the senior instrumentalist. He ...composed a few motets. Two of them were printed in 1615 and are the objects of an analysis.
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The Soap and Detergent Association (www.sdahq.org) is the Home of the U.S. Cleaning Product and Oleochemical Industries(SM), representing manufacturers of household, industrial, and institutional ...cleaning products; their ingredients and finished packaging; and oleochemical producers. SDA members produce more than 90 percent of the cleaning products marketed in the U.S. The SDA is located at 1500 K Street, NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20005. Enzymes have the potential to improve efficiencies and provide previously unavailable product benefits. In recent years, the use of enzyme technology in consumer products has increased significantly outside the cleaning products industry and the number of applications in which enzymes are being incorporated is continuing to expand. This new SDA publication provides the strategies and methods that have been used successfully by the industry to manage enzyme safety.
The Soap and Detergent Association (www.sdahq.org) is the Home of the U.S. Cleaning Product and Oleochemical Industries(SM), representing manufacturers of household, industrial, and institutional ...cleaning products; their ingredients and finished packaging; and oleochemical producers. SDA members produce more than 90 percent of the cleaning products marketed in the U.S. The SDA is located at 1500 K Street, NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC 20005. Exposure and Risk Screening Methods for Consumer Product Ingredients provides comprehensive data on exposure information and screening methods for chemical ingredients used in consumer products. This 218-page publication can be downloaded at www.sdahq.org/publications/technical.
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