Nos vemos hoy 1 Trenc, Andreja
Vestnik za tuje jezike,
12/2023, Volume:
15, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Nos vemos hoy 1 je sodobna učbeniška zbirka za učenje španščine kot drugega oz. tretjega tujega jezika v srednjem strokovnem in gimnazijskem izobraževanju. Uvršča se med učbenike, ki uresničujejo ...sporazumevalni pristop učenja tujega jezika po Skupnem evropskem okviru za učenje tujih jezikov, ožje pa na dejavnostih zasnovan pristop, saj je zasnovan kot preplet jezikovnih in nejezikovnih zmožnosti. V devetih tematskih poglavjih je zastopano tudi spoznavanje zemljepisnih in kulturnih značilnosti špansko govorečih skupnosti, usvajanje učnih strategij s spoznavnih in drugih predmetnih področij (IKT, raba tehnoloških virov in medpredmetno povezovanje). Poglavje osmišlja končna naloga oz. projekt, ki je tematsko in taksonomsko usklajen s ciljno ravnjo – usvojiti zmožnost osnovnega sporazumevanja v najbolj neposrednih sporazumevalnih položajih na stopnji A1 po Skupnem evropskem jezikovnem okviru, kot so, denimo: osebna predstavitev, opis svojega kraja in kulturnih zanimivosti, snovanje urnikov, povezanih s prehranjevanjem, dnevnimi običaji, hrano in nakupovanjem, prostočasne dejavnosti ter pripovedovanje o (preteklih) izkušnjah.
Combining conceptual metaphor and field, we have got layered and colorful image about perception of money in Serbian, French and Spanish. The main aim of this research is to show that the ...phraseological units with component Sr. novac (‘money’) / Fr. argent / Sp. Dinero and semantically similar lexemes are numerous in three languages and in colloquial language. The semantic field of ‘money’ is intertwined with semantic fields of ‘wealth’ and ‘poverty’. We defined five groups and determined that expressions in our corpus primarily reflect possession of large amounts of money, current shortage of money and irrational waste of money. Despite the numerical consistency of phrasemes, money is not perceived identically in Serbian, French and Spanish. As it was confirmed by the results in 169 idioms, formal and semantic overlap- ping in the three languages appears in only 24 cases, in two languages in 30 cases (Serbian/French – 3, Serbian/Spanish ‒13, French/Spanish ‒ 14). The most numerous are the expressions that exist in only one language: Serbian ‒ 49, French ‒ 36 and Spanish ‒ 30.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Zahvatajući skoro celu planetu, pandemija španske groznice 1918/19. godine nije zaobišla ni stanovništvo okupirane Srbije, ni vojnike na Solunskom frontu. Eskalirala je neposredno po proboju fronta, ...a vrhunac je dostigla u trenucima euforije zbog oslobođenja. Cilj ovoga rada jeste da ukaže na mogući put dolaska i hronologiju razvoja epidemije u Valjevskom srezu, kao i na broj žrtava koje je ona tu odnela. Rezultati analize crkvenih knjiga umrlih, i to na skoro stopostotnom uzorku, ukazuju da je masovno umiranje od posledica epidemije otpočelo tokom druge polovine oktobra u ravničarskim delovima sreza, ali da je tu mortalni udar bio relativno slab. Odatle se epidemija širila na udaljenija i nepristupačnija brdsko-planinska sela, gde je smrtnost bila veoma visoka, u pojedinim naseljima umrlo je više od 9% stanovništva. Glavni mortalni udar epidemije je trajao do pred kraj 1918. godine, a posle toga se u naseljima gde je prethodno smrtnost bila veća uočavaju slabije posledice u odnosu na naselja gde je bila manja.
Lexical transfer, ie the influence of the student's knowledge of a word of one language on the knowledge or use of words in the target language is an important cognitive process in learning a new ...language students often use as a compensation strategy. This paper deals with errors in the interlanguage of L1 Serbian students learning two typologically similar languages: Italian and Spanish, which arose as a consequence of lexico - semantic transfer. The most frequent errors caused by lexico - semantic transfer were identified and classified by the method of error analysis. An extremely large number of cases of lexico-semantic transfer were found in the corpus. All errors are classified into five categories: loan translations, semantic extension, cognates or false friends, hybrids and complete language shifts. In all cases, the negative lexical transfer occurred with words that are similar in Italian and Spanish. The errors in the written production in Spanish did not originate from the typologically distant, although the most dominant language of the students - Serbian as L1, but from the typologically similar Italian as L2. This proves the hypothesis that in typologically similar languages, lexical transfer is the most common and also that the factors of language distance and psychotypology are the key linguistic factors that will cause the transfer. Moreover, this kind of transfer was mainly used as a compensation strategy that students relied on to fill lexical gaps in situations where they did not have sufficient knowledge of the target language. Among the lexical errors, the largest number concerns cognates or false friends and hybrids. On the other hand, examples of loan translations or calques and semantic extensions were not frequent, so we conclude that the transfer of form (lexical transfer) is more frequent than the transfer of meaning (semantic transfer).
Budući da je uloga nastavnika da bude vodič u razumevanju strane kulture sa ciljem da studenti steknu interkulturnu kompetenciju, te da nastavu stranog jezika ne treba odvajati od nastave strane ...kulture, smatramo da nastava stranog jezika u koju su elementi kulture uključeni od samog početka povećava motivaciju studenata. Kako interkulturalnost obuhvata saznanje o načinu na koji neka zajednica vidi drugu, a to se „obično javlja u obliku stereotipnih predstava“ (ZEO 2003: 117) polazimo od pretpostavke da prisustvo stereotipa može pozitivno uticati na motivaciju studenata. Zastupamo stav da nastavnik na početnim nivoima treba da potencira pozitivne stereotipe u cilju pojačavanja motivacije za učenje španskog jezika. U ovom radu se bavimo prisustvom stereotipnih predstava o španskom jeziku i kulturi kod studenata u Srbiji u vidu analize anketnog ispitivanja.
Ph.D. thesis Ideology of liberalism and traditionalism in the novels of
Leopoldo Alas Clarín is based on the analysis of ideological horizons of
Leopoldo Alas Clarin (1852- 1901). He was a Spanish ...classic of realism and
naturalism, a literary critic and an intellectual with broad interests as
well as a meticulous observer and witness of the époque he was creating in.
His literary works, especially novels, served as a polygon for ideological
fight of Clarín, the liberal, with progressive worldview, against
traditionalism, paradigm of ’the Spanish problem’ and illusory
socio-political consensus in the period of The Restoration of the Spanish
monarchy (1875-1923). The study is based on the basic attitude that
literature is social institution which represents life. This attitude doesn’t
have to be true if by this we mean that literature in each given time duly
reflects current social situation. However, the writer doesn’t express
entirety and totality of relationships in the society of one period, but he
expresses himself as an individual whose ideology can be based on
biographical, cultural and social grounds. We can accept the thesis that
literary work, especially the novel of the 19th century, represents a place
of reflection and realization of the specific ruling ideology although it is
methodologically, theoretically and philosophically more correct to
thoroughly examine this assumption. In that case, literature and novel
represent the scene of disclosure and revealing of ideology as something
relative and reconsidered. Using pluralistic, theoretical approach, this
Ph.D. thesis aims to place Leopoldo Alas Clarín on the political, social,
literary-theoretical and intellectual map of Spain in the 1870s and 1880s.
The aim of the study is to represent author’s dominant, liberal ideology that
is present on the several levels in his literary opus and especially in the
novels La Regenta and Su único hijo. His clearly liberal ideology gives
ground to some opinions and worldview of ruling, dominant majority, yielding
under pressure of traditionalism and clericalism. This work uses
analytical-synthetic and methodological approach, theoretical methods of
theory of expression, neo-Marxist and post-structural interpretations of
ideology and its role in forming the consciousness of an individual, a
representative of social community. It also involves the widely understood
method of returning to history which is the most present in modern studies of
new historicism and cultural materialism. The research is based on several
problem parts: 1) Analysis of the role of theory of Krausism - marginal,
philosophical conception on the German soil adopted mostly by Spanish
intellectuals with liberal political views. At the same time it was a
starting point for the serious ideological battle of progressive, Spanish
writers, journalists, politicians and intellectuals with elements of
traditionalism and retrograde ideas in the Spanish society that is trying to
keep pace with the modernization of Europe; 2) Place of Leopoldo Alas Clarín
in the intellectual diagram of Spanish liberals of the time and the mechanism
that has enabled writer-criticintellectual to form personal literary space
that will serve for ideological settlement with current and official Spanish
politics and social regulation of that époque; 3) Mutual relationship between
ideology and literary text, as well as the discourse of power and dominance,
the attempt to win collective and personal freedom in repressive society
which created the self-preservation system where an individual, no matter how
much he tried, cannot fulfill goals and absolute happiness without fitting
into dominant and socially desirable framework; 4) The importance of Clarín’s
novels La Regenta and Su único hijo in the light of neo-Marxist and new
historical postulates about the connection between author, history, ideology
and literary text. After theoretical-methodological postulates, the subject
for contemplation becomes historical and social context Leopoldo Alas Clarín
lives, works and creates his literary and critical works in. In this sense
there is a significant distinction between old and new regimes of Spain and
the term liberalism and traditionalism in both European and local, Spanish
context as well as the basic postulates of Krausism (the German idealistic
philosophy movement, founded by Karl Christian Krause (1781-1832) that had a
large, cultural influence in Spain.) The assumption of Clarín’s liberal
affiliation and the need to fight the elements of traditionalism and
conservatism throughout his life is defended on several clearly separated
fields: 1) Literary-theoretical liberalism, embodied in a passionate defense
of naturalism from the attack of traditionalists, and at the end of the 19th
century in the adoption of tendencies, so-called spiritual naturalism,
inspired by the Russian school of classical realism. 2) Ideological,
political and social liberalism, in response to political hypocrisy, the
apparent social consensus and harmony, socio-historical circumstances of the
time and state repression carried out by dominant groups, government, church,
decadent aristocracy, as the bourgeois class betrayed the revolution that had
the opposite effect than expected. 3) Liberalism in philosophical and
metaphysical views, problems of the individual in society and his attempt to
free himself from the constraints of reality and to conquer the personal
freedom (here is a particularly important role of woman in bourgeois society
in the second half of the 19th century). Clarín’s novels, La Regenta
(1884-1885) and Su único hijo (1890) represent a battleground created by the
author in order to explain and illustrate the postulates of
realism/naturalism the Spanish way. With the novel La Regenta Leopoldo Alas
showed that he perfectly understood the revolutionary potential of Spanish
realism, and only realistic novel in its naturalistic modernized version of
the 1880s could show the Spaniards the depth of the crisis and mark their
place and moment in the historical development. The aim was also to point to
an unscrupulous ruling class, to reveal the possible hidden intentions of
political elite and representatives of the church, to promote a critical
spirit and freedom of thought. Vetusta, transitional society between the old
regime and the new bourgeois order, is the scene where the continual
historical, social and philosophical struggle character takes place, which
novelist detected and passed through his ideological prism. Clarín observes
and experiences the Restoration period as a society in which the bourgeois
revolution did not bear fruit, didn’t destroy the old regime, but, merging
with it and making compromises, it created false world: a world in which all
members of the community are trying to retain elements of traditional way of
life under the guise of modernity. Not only that the novel La Regenta
represents the story of a violation of the concept of sexuality and personal
freedom, but it also shows the marginal positions of dominance in the social
framework of bourgeois ideology. Accordingly, the main task in the study of
Clarín’s ideological position of the bourgeois liberal ideology is to
determine the limits of its materialization in the text and viewing angle,
i.e. perspective that the author takes, inside or outside the framework of
the bourgeois class he himself belongs to. The novel Su único hijo differs
from classical realist novel in the way it evocates reality and it also has a
different construction of novelesque universe. The narrator in this novel
doesn’t represent reality but he implies and suggests it to the reader. The
work has a clearly defined social background, though it probably wasn’t
Clarín’s intention to write a social novel, especially towards the end of the
19th century, when the novel with a thesis was considered long outdated
novelesque form. In this sense, the task was to discover all the places in
the text where the ideology is associated with the history, where the
dialogue of history and literature, writer and society, literary theory and
ideology begins. The conclusion distinguishes several dominant positions,
reached during the research, detailed analysis of the selected corpus from
the perspective of the methodology and hypotheses: Novel La Regenta is ‘an
authentic literary monument’ of the 19th century. It is about a ‘complete
imitation of life’ and view of conservative society and époque, that a
liberal like Clarín could only look through the critical prism; Clarín’s
novels are works about frustration: individual, social, women's, political,
religious, educational and human; It is certain that novels La Regenta and Su
único hijo are among the most intellectually complex novels of that period,
because reading them we find a certain type of ‘anatomical analysis’ of the
whole social system and places of an individual within the collective, with
all its philosophical, psychological, social contradictions. In his works,
the writer analyzes the elements of socio-political reality with irony: the
political farce of liberals and conservatives’ shifts in power or
cohabitation, the problems of social order and remains of outdated
‘feudalmanagement’ organization, the problem of social and sexual dominance,
social roles, etc. Clarín was brilliant in perspective and vision of the
reality he represents. He managed to capture some degree of critical distance
in order to make reality novelesque and not a copy of real models, and thus
enrolled himself as one of the top writers of world literature.
Doktorska disertacija Ideologija liberalizma i tradicionalizam u romanima
Leopolda Alas Klarina zasniva se na analizi ideoloških horizonata Leopolda
Alas Klarina (1852-1901), španskog klasika realizma i naturalizma, književnog
kritičara i intelektualca širokih interesovanja i minucioznog posmatrača-
svedoka epohe u kojoj je stvarao. Njegova književna dela, a posebno romani,
kao
Verjetno gre za nekdanje priznanje Grb Občine Zagorje ob Savi, eno izmed občinskih priznanj, ki so ga podeljevali ob občinskem prazniku 9. avgustu. Avtor grba je akademski slikar Franc Kopitar.
Dragoceno gradivo MKL – Slovanske knjižnice: Od Trubarjevihčasov do baroka na Slovenskem“No pasaran!” domoznanska zbirka o španskih borcih v MKL –Knjižnici Jožeta MazovcaPisatelj Lojze Kovačič, ...ljubljanski prišlek
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