Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is associated closely with the gut microbiota. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of the gut microbiota after the progress of PBC to cirrhosis.
This ...study focuses on utilizing the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method to screen for differences in gut microbiota in PBC patients who progress to cirrhosis. Then, we divided the data into training and verification sets and used seven different machine learning (ML) models to validate them respectively, calculating and comparing the accuracy, F1 score, precision, and recall, and screening the dominant intestinal flora affecting PBC cirrhosis.
PBC cirrhosis patients showed decreased diversity and richness of gut microbiota. Additionally, there are alterations in the composition of gut microbiota in PBC cirrhosis patients. The abundance of Faecalibacterium and Gemmiger bacteria significantly decreases, while the abundance of Veillonella and Streptococcus significantly increases. Furthermore, machine learning methods identify Streptococcus and Gemmiger as the predominant gut microbiota in PBC patients with cirrhosis, serving as non-invasive biomarkers (AUC=0.902).
Our study revealed that PBC cirrhosis patients gut microbiota composition and function have significantly changed. Streptococcus and Gemmiger may become a non-invasive biomarker for predicting the progression of PBC progress to cirrhosis.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The locus of enterocyte effacement LEE-encoded regulator (Ler( is a global regulator of multiple virulence genes expression in the Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), including those encoding ...the type III secretion pathway and adhesion proteins such as intimin. Ler is central to the process of the formation of the attaching and effacing (AE) lesions. This study aimed to perform the molecular detection of Ler gene in EPEC, since there is no related previous study in Iraq. Two hundred and fifty stool specimens from children under two years of age for both sexes were collected from some Iraqi hospitals. All isolates were diagnosed according to morphological characteristics and biochemical tests. The results showed that 140 (56%) samples were identified as E.coli, while 8 (5.7%) isolates were identified as EPEC as confirmed by using VITEK 2 system. Susceptibility test was determined for all EPEC isolates to 16 different antibiotics. The results showed that 100%of these isolates were resistant to Ampicillin, Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime, Trimethoprim and Ceftazidime, whereas resistance values to Nitrofurantoin, Cefoxitin and Gentamicin were 66%, 40%, and 15% respectively. However 100% of the isolates were sensitive to Piperacillin, Ertapenem, Imipenem, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin and Tigecycline. Monoplex pattern of PCR was used for detecting 16SrRNA, eae, stx1, lifA and Ler genes in EPEC. The results showed that the isolates of E.coli were positive for 16SrRNA, eae, lifA and Ler, while no bands of stx1 appeared.
The yellow digger scorpion,
Scorpio maurus
, is a medically important scorpion for which little is known about its genetic diversity. Polymerase chain reaction products of 16srRNA gene fragments were ...generated from scorpion specimens named SmKh1 and SmKh2.
These sequences showed high similarity with the only partial sequence of
S. maurus
isolate SCA1 large subunit ribosomal RNA gene available in the Genbank database.
The drawing of the phylogeny tree showed two clusters, A and B. The two specimens (SmKh1 and SmKh2), which are placed in sub-cluster A2, were provided from Behbahan,
Iran, and they have the closest relationship with the only sequence of
S. maurus
(MW281771), which is also collected from Behbahan.
It is noteworthy that the two sequences obtained from
S. maurus
scorpions recorded from Miandoab (MK170444) and Mahabad (KU705354), which are in sub-cluster A1,
are more similar to the scorpions isolated from the Mediterranean basin than those collected from Behbahan. This issue is probably due to the fact that patterns of genetic diversity
are a reflection of variation in gene flow, which is also influenced by factors such as territorial barriers and geographical distances.
We conclude that the scorpions of this study accompanied by similar scorpions in the Mediterranean basin, belong to the same species despite the insignificant differences.
Background
Depression is a chronic syndrome with a pathogenesis linked to various genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Several links between gut microbiota and depression have been ...established in animal models. In humans, however, few correlations have yet been demonstrated. The aim of our work was therefore to identify potential correlations between human fecal microbiota (as a proxy for gut microbiota) and depression.
Methods
We analyzed fecal samples from 55 people, 37 patients, and 18 non‐depressed controls. Our analyses were based on data generated by Illumina deep sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons.
Key Results
We found several correlations between depression and fecal microbiota. The correlations, however, showed opposite directions even for closely related Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU's), but were still associated with certain higher order phylogroups. The order Bacteroidales showed an overrepresentation (p = 0.05), while the family Lachnospiraceae showed an underrepresentation (p = 0.02) of OTU's associated with depression. At low taxonomic levels, there was one clade consisting of five OTU's within the genus Oscillibacter, and one clade within Alistipes (consisting of four OTU's) that showed a significant association with depression (p = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively).
Conclusions & Inferences
The Oscillibacter type strain has valeric acid as its main metabolic end product, a homolog of neurotransmitter GABA, while Alistipes has previously been shown to be associated with induced stress in mice. In conclusion, the taxonomic correlations detected here may therefore correspond to mechanistic models.
We found a significant correlation between the gut microbiota and depression in humans. The correlations, however, were in opposite direction for closely related Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU's).
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The main storage form of phosphorus is phytate (Myo-inositol Hexakisphosphate) in legume crops, such as clover and alfalfa, which are of high importance in terms of nutrition for humans and animals. ...In animals, due to a lack of phytase enzymes in their intestines, it is not possible to break the phytic acid (a nutritional constituent). Hence, phytic acid acts as an anti-nutritional chelating agent for various metal ions like Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, etc., so it reduces the nutritive quality of food. Since phytase is an important enzyme in the food/feed industry, the objective of this study is to isolate phytase-producing bacteria cells to analyze phytate molecules. The present study was conducted in the laboratory of the Sana Institute of Higher Education. In this study, 8 soil samples of alfalfa and clover fields located in Isfahan (Khomeini Shahr and Morche Khort Regions) were collected and several bacteria isolates were separated using differential media. To examine the phytase activity, the isolated bacteria on the specific media fortified with phytate were cultivated and positive phytate bacteria were identified using morphological traits, biochemical tests, and 16srRNA sequencing determination. The data obtained from quantitative properties showed that two isolates of B1 and D1 have 17 and 20 mm size of zone diameters, respectively. Based on morphological properties, the B1 bacteria showed a big size of the colony, with a bump hanging in the margin surrounding the colony and white pigment, which was gram-positive. However, the D1 sample indicated a small colony size, with a wavy margin, smooth bump, and creamy pigment which was gram-positive. By biochemical recognition test, among all bacteria cells, two bacteria colonies were distinguished concerning the phytase activity and were recognized as Bacillus sp. In addition, the 16srRNA sequencing analysis showed that one strain belongs to Bacillus paralicheniformis (95%) and the other one is related to Bacillus endophyticus (95%), both of which are found in soil usually.
UreA is an important virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori that, along with UreB and UreC, produces urease. Urease enzyme helps the bacterium to colonize the human stomach through metabolizing urea ...in order to neutralize the gastric environment. The current study aimed to detect the prevalence of the H. pylori’s ureA virulence factor gene, and to investigate the influence of this gene on the result of the rapid urease test (RUT). Eighty stomach biopsy samples were isolated from participants who were suspected to be infected with H. pylori in Erbil city. Participants were 36 males and 44 females, aged between 18 and 67 years. The results showed that 42 (52.5%) of the participants were positive for H. pylori when tested by RUT, while 59 (73.8%) of the patients showed positive H. pylori infection when tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 16S rRNA gene. The results of the PCR test based on the ureA gene revealed that 42 (52.5%) of the samples were positive. The important finding of this research is the presence of 100% compatibility between positive samples of RUT and ureA genes. It can be concluded from this study that a person may be infected with H. pylori, but the RUT test fails to detect the infection if the bacteria lack the ureA gene, indicating a direct impact of this gene on the result of RUT, which is a defect of RUT.
Background: The region that a magnetic force has an effect on is known as a magnetic field. Normally, two poles of this field are concentrated. Most magnetic objects are made up of a variety of tiny ...fields known as domains. There are many different techniques that have been published in the literature for using magnetic energy as a diagnostic tool and for treating illnesses in both humans and animals. Objective: To examine the influence of varying amounts of static magnetic field on the viability of bacteria and the fermentation of carbohydrates. Patients and Methods: Locally prepared dipolar static magnetic field of strength 400, 800, 1200 and 1600 Gauss were used in this study measured by Teslometer. Escherichia coli isolated from 75 isolates taken from the patient who had the UPE, 25 were identified as E. coli, and only (12) samples of identified E coli specifically detect changes numbers of bacteria and biochemical test, most of the sugars ferment that have be changed and the polymerase chain reaction was utilized to identify the 16SrRNA gene (PCR). Results: The inhibitory impact of SMF is attributable, according to transcriptomic analysis, to differentially expressed genes (DEGs) predominantly included in carbon source consumption. The bacterial phenotype in SMF is consistently effectively restored by adding To the cultivation conditions, add glycolate or glyoxylate, and mutants losing glycolate oxidase are no longer susceptible to static magnetic field. Conclusion: It was concluded that the magnetic field could notably obvious by exposing bacterial cells growth density will decrease and change bacterial biological activity on sugar fermentation and due to mutation.
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