A Gram-stain-negative, non-flagellated bacterium, designated ZY111
T
, was isolated from the surface of a marine red alga, which was collected from the coast in Weihai, Shandong Province, PR China. ...Strain ZY111
T
exhibited growth at 4–37 °C (optimum, 25–28 °C) in the presence of 0–8.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0–4.0% NaCl) and at pH 6.5–9.5 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0). The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain ZY111
T
belonged to the genus
Algibacter
, with
Algibacter amylolyticus
DSM 29199
T
as its closest relative (97.7 % similarity). The averagenucleotide identity value of strain ZY111
T
with
A. amylolyticus
DSM 29199
T
was 79.03 %. The digitalDNA–DNA hybridization value of strain ZY111
T
with
A. amylolyticus
DSM 29199
T
was 22.40 %. The dominant fatty acids were iso-C
15 : 0
, iso-C
15 : 1
G, iso-C
15 : 0
3-OH and iso-C
17 : 0
3-OH. The sole respiratory quinone was determined to be menaquinone-6. The polar lipid profile of strain ZY111
T
consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and three unidentified lipids. The G+C content was 31.9 mol%. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data clearly showed that strain ZY111
T
represents a novel species of the genus
Algibacter
, for which the name
Algibacter marinivivus
sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZY111
T
(=KCTC 62373
T
=MCCC 1H00295
T
).
Previous studies suggest that patients with nephrolithiasis exhibit dysbiosis in their gut microbiota, but those studies were conducted in calcium oxalate stone patients. We aimed to explore the ...association of gut microbiota and biochemical features of renal uric acid stone (UAS) patients in a Chinese population and identify the related bacteria that may affect the pathopoiesis of UAS. A case-control study of 117 patients with UAS, 123 patients with gout, and 135 healthy controls were included from January 2014 to October 2020. For each subject, data on demographics, biochemical parameters of blood and urine were analyzed. Fifteen patients with gout, 16 patients with UAS, 17 UAS patients with gout, and 17 healthy subjects were enrolled and provided fecal samples. The characteristics of gut microbiota were explored by using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and analyzed by using a combination of software mother and R. Hyperuricemia was the main risk factor for the development of gout and UAS. Obesity, dyslipidemia, and aciduria were unique risk factors for UAS patients. The richness, diversity, and relative abundance of dominant bacteria at the phylum and genus levels of gut microbiota in UAS patients were significantly distinct from other subjects. Abundance of
and
was significantly positively correlated with the serum uric acid (UA) level of UAS patients. Fusobacteria was involved in the metabolism and degradation of certain short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, and sugars in pathopoiesis of UAS, and inhibited their synthesis pathways. Fusobacteria may be related to the pathogenesis of UAS, and this finding contributes to the personalized treatment of UAS from the perspective of maintaining micro-ecological equilibrium in gut.
Fermented fish that contain over 20% salt are expected to harbor extremely halophilic microorganisms. In the present study, salt-fermented fish samples (n = 105) which included fermented Indian shad, ...mackerel, anchovies, seer fish, pomfret and others collected from different locations in India were analyzed for the presence of extremely halophilic microorganisms using culture methods. The salt (NaCl) content in majority of the products was over 20% and the moisture content ranged from 28 to 57%. Three different halophilic media, each with 20 and 25% salt, were used for the enumeration and isolation of halophilic archaea and bacteria. Of 1635 isolates obtained from different media, 1198 and 437 were confirmed to be halophilic archaea and bacteria, respectively using 16S rRNA genes-specific PCR. Overall, archaea and bacteria represented 74.5% and 25.4% of the total halophilic microbial communities, respectively suggesting the predominance of archaea across a wide range of fermented fish products. The results of this study emphasize that the halophilic archaea have a dominant role in the fermentation process of fish and may contribute significantly to flavor, health benefits and bioactivities associated with fermented fish products.
•Fermented fish (n = 105) were analyzed for extremely halophilic bacteria and archaea.•Three different halophilic media were used for the enumeration and isolation.•Halophilic archaea constituted 74.5% of the microbial communities in fermented fish.•Archaea may have a role in fermentation and health benefits of fermented fish.•MNTA was found to be an ideal medium for isolation of halophilic microorganisms.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Phytoplasma as a phytopathogenic prokaryote with a wide host range is a pathogen that needs more attention in Indonesia. This pathogen is relatively difficult to detect and identify due to its ...complicated biological properties. This study involved detection of phytoplasmas by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique with P1/P7 primers from seven symptomatic plants, i.e. Bermuda grass white leaf, bamboo yellows, witches’ broom of peanut, soybean, yard long bean, and cactus, and sweet potato little leaf. The phytoplasma DNA of the 16S rRNA gene resulting from PCR amplification was examined by digestion reaction using three endonuclease enzymes AluI, RSaI, and MSeI to generate restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profile. The seven diseased plants were confirmed positive to be associated with phytoplasma as indicated by the PCR product of 1800 bp. Based on the RFLP profiles of the three enzymes, the phytoplasmas were divided into two groups, namely group I (Bermuda grass and bamboo) and group II (peanuts, soybeans, yard long beans, cactus, and sweet potatoes). Cactus phytoplasma is a sub-group (strain) because it has a slightly different fragment of MSeI RFLP profile.
β-lactam resistance is a serious problem that the hospitals face worldwide; particularly in the developing countries. The widespread of this resistance is attributed to various mechanisms used by the ...nosocomial bacteria. The aims of this study were to monitor the spread of the β-lactam resistant bacteria in the different provinces of Egypt; to create a biocontrol strategy by producing the β-lactamase inhibitory protein from the Streptomyces bacteria, and to knowing its suitability for the human use. Seventy β-lactam resistant bacterial isolates were sampled randomly from several hospital laboratories across ten governorates of Egypt. The isolates were screened against six different antibiotics; mainly Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin-Clavulanate, Penicillin, Ampicillin-Sulbactam, Cefepime, and Piperacillin-Tazobactam at 250 µg/ ml, and their Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was recorded. The Bn67 isolate was the most promising isolate, which was molecularly identified using 16SrRNA partial sequence as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (LC710315.1). So in order to overcome this bacterial resistance; eighty actinobacteria were isolated from several soil samples collected from Giza governorate, Egypt, and were screened for their effectiveness against Bn67. The actinobacterial isolate (Stn-01) showed the maximum inhibitory efficacy against Bn67 and was identified using 16SrRNA partial sequence as Streptomyces katsurahamanus (LC710314.1). The inhibitor protein (β-LIP-n) was isolated; precipitated, and purified to give 35 kDa with 17 amino acid sequences. The β-LIPn exhibited no cytotoxic potential against the Human Skin Fibroblast (HSF) cell line at 200 µg/ ml. This approach of using the bacterial soil-based inhibitor protein to biocontrol the β-lactam resistant bacteria is considered as novel and as a promising start-up to using the environmental bacteria to overcome this problem of β-lactam resistance.
Acute high-altitude hypoxia can lead to intestinal damage and changes in gut microbiota. Sustained and reliable oxygen enrichment can resist hypoxic damage at high altitude to a certain extent. ...However, it remains unclear whether oxygen enrichment can protect against gut damage and changes in intestinal flora caused by acute altitude hypoxia. For this study, eighteen male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups, control (NN), hypobaric hypoxic (HH), and oxygen-enriched (HO). The NN group was raised under normobaric normoxia, whereas the HH group was placed in a hypobaric hypoxic chamber simulating 7,000 m for 3 days. The HO group was exposed to oxygen-enriched air in the same hypobaric hypoxic chamber as the HH group for 12 h daily. Our findings indicate that an acute HH environment caused a fracture of the crypt structure, loss of epithelial cells, and reduction in goblet cells. Additionally, the structure and diversity of bacteria decreased in richness and evenness. The species composition at Phylum and Genus level was characterized by a higher ratio of
Firmicutes
and
Bacteroides
and an increased abundance of
Lactobacillus
with the abundance of
Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group
decreased in the HH group. Interestingly, after oxygen enrichment intervention, the intestinal injury was significantly restrained. This was confirmed by an increase in the crypt depth, intact epithelial cell morphology, increased relative density of goblet cells, and higher evenness and richness of the gut microbiota,
Bacteroidetes
and
Prevotellaceae
as the main microbiota in the HO group. Finally, functional analysis showed significant differences between the different groups with respect to different metabolic pathways, including Amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and metabolism. In conclusion, this study verifies, for the first time, the positive effects of oxygen enrichment on gut structure and microbiota in animals experiencing acute hypobaric hypoxia.
Background and Objective: Dental caries is the most common disease worldwide, and is a major healthcare problem. Streptococcus mutans is considered as the main factor causing dental caries. This ...study was conducted to assess Streptococcus mutans by its 16S rRNA gene and adhesin gene (spaP) as an early predictor of caries development. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 80 Iraqi pre-school children aged 3-5 years old. Subjects were divided into two groups: the case group, which included 40 children with severe caries, and the control group, which included 40 caries-free children. A dental examination was performed by diagnostic criteria of World Health Organization (WHO). Unstimulated salivary samples were taken from all children, and DNA of Streptococcus mutans was extracted from the all saliva samples. The 16S rRNA and spaP genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and their presence was compared to dental caries severity. Findings: The age and gender of the children had no significant effect in this study. The prevalence of the Streptococcus mutans 16SrRNA gene was 98.8% positive and 1.2% negative in all study groups. Regarding spaP, a significant difference discovered between the case (92.5%) and control (50%) groups (p≥0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the presence of spaP gene of Streptococcus Mutans can predict caries development. Therefore, more dental care is emphasized in these people.
ObjectiveTo observe the changes in the composition of gut microbiota in stroke patients showing cognitive impairment within one month after the stroke, and to explore the correlation between bacteria ...presenting dissimilarity and cognitive functions and other clinical indicators.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 12 patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI group), 12 stroke patients without cognitive impairment (Non-PSCI group), and 12 healthy volunteers in a normal control group (NC group). The demographic and clinical data were gathered. The abundance, diversity and dissimilarity of gut bacterial communities were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Then, we studied the correlation between gut microbiota and clinical characteristics and the effectiveness of using microbiome markers to identify cognitive decline.ResultsThe Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores of the PSCI group were significantly lower than those the Non-PSCI g
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