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•Coking wastewater was efficiently treated by I-AF and I-BAF.•Correlation between bio-refractory compounds degradation and microbial community was explored.•Enterobacter, Pseudomonas ...and Sedimentibacter related to phenol degradation.•Enterobacter and Sedimentibacter related to methylphenol degradation.•Sedimentibacter was firstly found related to many compounds, e.g. naphthol etc. degradation.
Coking wastewater usually contains lots of mutative bio-refractory compounds, which causes the difficulties for the biological coking wastewater treatment. In this work, we employed Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometer to determine organic compounds concentration along different heights of anaerobic filter and 16SrRNA high-throughput gene sequencing analysis to reveal microbial community distribution. As results, 360 genera were detected in the reactor, where Acrpbacter, Proteiniphilum, Pseudomonas, Comamonas, Sedimentibacter, Enterobacter and Dysgonomonas dominated the microbiological community. They were found to have obvious correlations with the degradation of some bio-refractory compounds including phenol, methylphenol, dimethylphenol, naphthol, triphenylene and indole in coking wastewater. Specially, phenol degradation has a high coefficient with Enterobacter, Pseudomonas and Sedimentibacter. Methylphenol degradation exhibits the good relativity with Enterobacter and Sedimentibacter. Besides the well-known Enterobacter, Dysgonomonas, Pseudomonas and Comamonas for phenol and methylphenol degradation, most importantly, we found the high correlation coefficients of Sedimentibacter to phenol, methylphenol, dimethylphenol and naphthol degradation. The new finding would be benefit for the identification of Sedimentibacter for phenol, methylphenol, dimethylphenol and naphthol degradation, and the isolation of related bacteria for bio-augmentation. This study is useful to reveal “black box” model of coking wastewater biological treatment and provides another way to investigate functional bacteria to degrade bio-refractory compounds.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Actinomycetes can colonize surfaces of tools and equipment and can be transferred to meat and meat products during manufacture, processing, handling, and storage. Moreover, washing the meat does not ...eliminate the microorganisms; it only spreads them. As a result, these opportunistic pathogens can enter the human body and cause various infections. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to screen, identify, and determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Actinomycetes species from meat and meat products in the Markazi province of Iran.
A total of 60 meat and meat product samples, including minced meat, mutton, beef, chicken, hamburgers, and sausages, were collected from slaughterhouses, butchers, and restaurants in the Markazi province of Iran. The samples were analyzed using standard microbiological protocols for the isolation and characterization of Actinomycetes. PCR amplification of hsp65 and 16SrRNA genes and sequence analysis of 16SrRNA were used for genus and species identification. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobial agents were determined by the broth microdilution method and interpreted according to the CLSI guidelines.
A total of 21 (35%) Actinomycetes isolates from 5 genera and 12 species were isolated from 60 samples. The most prevalent Actinomycetes were from the genus
, with six (28.6%) isolates (
,
,
, and
), followed by the genus
with five (23.8%) isolates (
and
), the genus Actinomyces with four (19.1%) isolates (
), the genus
with four (19.1%) isolates (
,
, and
), and the genus
with two (9.5%) isolates (
). Chicken and sausage samples had the highest and lowest levels of contamination, with six and one isolates. Respectively, the results of drug susceptibility testing (DST) showed that all isolates were susceptible to Ofloxacin, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, and Levofloxacin, whereas all of them were resistant to Doxycycline and Rifampicin.
The findings suggest that meat and meat products play an important role as a reservoir for the transmission of Actinomycetes to humans, thus causing life-threatening foodborne diseases such as gastrointestinal and cutaneous disorders. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate basic hygiene measures into the cycle of meat production to ensure food safety.
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•A molecular phylogeny of the cone snails is proposed.•The phylogeny is based on 320 species and three genes.•Four major highly divergent clades are defined.•Diet shifts and ...large-scale phylogeography of cone snails are inferred.
We present a large-scale molecular phylogeny that includes 320 of the 761 recognized valid species of the cone snails (Conus), one of the most diverse groups of marine molluscs, based on three mitochondrial genes (COI, 16S rDNA and 12S rDNA). This is the first phylogeny of the taxon to employ concatenated sequences of several genes, and it includes more than twice as many species as the last published molecular phylogeny of the entire group nearly a decade ago. Most of the numerous molecular phylogenies published during the last 15years are limited to rather small fractions of its species diversity. Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses are mostly congruent and confirm the presence of three previously reported highly divergent lineages among cone snails, and one identified here using molecular data. About 85% of the species cluster in the single Large Major Clade; the others are divided between the Small Major Clade (∼12%), the Conus californicus lineage (one species), and a newly defined clade (∼3%). We also define several subclades within the Large and Small major clades, but most of their relationships remain poorly supported. To illustrate the usefulness of molecular phylogenies in addressing specific evolutionary questions, we analyse the evolution of the diet, the biogeography and the toxins of cone snails. All cone snails whose feeding biology is known inject venom into large prey animals and swallow them whole. Predation on polychaete worms is inferred as the ancestral state, and diet shifts to molluscs and fishes occurred rarely. The ancestor of cone snails probably originated from the Indo-Pacific; rather few colonisations of other biogeographic provinces have probably occurred. A new classification of the Conidae, based on the molecular phylogeny, is published in an accompanying paper.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A wines' terroir, represented as wine traits with regional distinctiveness, is a reflection of both the biophysical and human-driven conditions in which the grapes were grown and wine made. Soil is ...an important factor contributing to the uniqueness of a wine produced by vines grown in specific conditions. Here, we evaluated the impact of environmental variables on the soil bacteria of 22 Barossa Valley vineyard sites based on the 16S rRNA gene hypervariable region 4. In this study, we report that both dispersal isolation by geographic distance and environmental heterogeneity (soil plant-available P content, elevation, rainfall, temperature, spacing between row and spacing between vine) contribute to microbial community dissimilarity between vineyards. Vineyards located in cooler and wetter regions showed lower beta diversity and a higher ratio of dominant taxa. Differences in soil bacterial community composition were significantly associated with differences in fruit and wine composition. Our results suggest that environmental factors affecting wine terroir, may be mediated by changes in microbial structure, thus providing a basic understanding of how growing conditions affect interactions between plants and their soil bacteria.
Identifying the microbiome within chronic diabetic foot ulcers is essential if effective antimicrobial therapies are to be administered. Using culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the aim of this ...study was to compare the microbiome of paired tissue scraping samples with swab samples, collected from participants during attendance at a high-risk foot clinic. The mean richness of cultured swab and tissue scraping samples was consistent, with anaerobes infrequently isolated from both sample types. Comparing percentage frequencies of detection of selected genera of known and potential pathogens namely Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Corynebacterium, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas from cultured and sequenced swab and tissue scrapings indicated that both collection methods captured varying percentages of all the selected genera. The mean abundance of sequenced samples was not significantly different between swabs and tissue scrapings. The mean richness or number of distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and Shannon's H diversity index were not significantly different between the two collection methods. The mean relative abundance of the selected genera of known and potential pathogens, including anaerobes Anaerococcus and Finegoldia, was higher in swabs compared with tissue scrapings and significantly so in Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas genera. Multivariate analyses confirmed no significant differences between the bacterial community compositions of the paired samples. These results suggest that tissue scrapings and swabs can effectively capture the microbiome of chronic DFUs using culture and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The gut microbiota is involved in a range of physiological processes in animals, and modulating the microbiome composition is considered a novel target for identifying animal traits. Tibetan pigs ...show better fat deposition and disease resistance compared to Yorkshire pigs. However, studies investigating the correlation between favorable characteristics in Tibetan pigs and the gut microbial community remain scarce. In the current study, 1,249,822 high-quality sequences were obtained by amplicon sequencing of the colon contents of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs. We found that at the boundary level, the abundance and relative abundance of colon bacterial community in Tibetan pigs were higher than that in Yorkshire pigs (
P
> 0.05). Phylum level, Firmicutes were the dominant colonic microflora of Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs, and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides in Tibetan pigs was slightly higher than in Yorkshire pigs. Actinobacteria and Spirobacteria were significantly higher in Tibetan pigs than in Yorkshire pigs (
P
< 0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium,
Lactobacillus
, and Bacteriologist, which are related to disease resistance, was significantly higher than that in Yorkshire pigs in Yorkshire pigs. In conclusion, the composition and abundance of colonic intestinal microflora in Tibetan pigs were closely related to their superior traits. Bifidobacteria, Ruminococcaceae, and Family-XIII-AD3011-Group are conducive to improving disease resistance in Tibetan pigs.
Lactobacillus
and
Solobacterium
were observed to be the main bacterial communities involved in fat deposition in Tibetan pigs. This study will provide a new reference for the development and utilization of Tibetan pigs in future.
Analysis of mtDNA/nDNA Ratio in Mice Quiros, Pedro M; Goyal, Aashima; Jha, Pooja ...
Current protocols in mouse biology,
03/2017, Volume:
7, Issue:
1
Journal Article
feeds on live fry throughout their life. The sustainable development of its farming industry has urgently necessitated the development of artificial diets to substitute live baits. It has been ...demonstrated that gut microbiota assists in feed adaptation and improves the feed conversion rate in fish. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the potential role of intestinal microorganisms in the domestication of
with a compound diet. Accordingly, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbial communities in
groups that were fed a compound diet (including large and small individuals) and live baits. A total of 2,471 OTUs were identified, and the large individual group possessed the highest number of unique OTUs. The α-diversity index of the gut microbiota in groups that were fed a compound diet was significantly higher (
< 0.05) than that in the live bait group. There were no significant differences in the α-diversity between the large and small individual groups. However, relatively higher numbers of
,
, and
were observed in the intestines of the large individual group. Prediction of the metabolic function of the microbiota among these three fish groups by Tax4Fun revealed that most metabolic pathways, such as glycan metabolism and amino acid metabolism, were typically more enriched for the larger individuals. The results indicated that certain taxa mentioned above exist in large individuals and may be closely related to the digestion and absorption of compound diets. The present study provides a basis for understanding the utilization mechanism of artificial feed by
.
The rove beetle, Paederus fuscipes Curtis has caused tremendous dermatitis once unintentionally crushed against human skin due to their potent toxic released called paederin produce by the ...endosymbiont bacteria. The genus Pseudomonas was hypothesized to be the endosymbiont bacteria involved in the production of paederin in Paederus. However, no extensive studies have been performed to investigate the existence of other bacteria, and the relationship between the endosymbiont counts amongst male and female P. fuscipes beetles. We found that P. fuscipes harbours surprising numbers of bacteria diversity with a total of 20 different bacterial species identified. Bacillus, Serratia, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas bacteria were the dominated genus found in all collected beetles from all light trap locations. However, only Pseudomonas aeruginosa Migula is the medically important species and is commonly known to cause severe dermatitis lesions to humans. Our results revealed the P. aeruginosa counts cultured on Pseudomonas medium was found higher total mean bacteria counts in fuscipes females (2.58 x 105 ± 2.73 x 104 cell) compared to male beetles (5.68 x 104 ± 3.70 x 103 cells). We demonstrated that a large diversity of bacterial community has been isolated from both male and female P. fuscipes, however P. aeruginosa colonies were frequently detected in females compared to male beetles. These results can be used in future studies to investigate the possible impact of these bacterial counts on the concentration of paederin produced in P. fuscipes.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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