1.–2. mai var Kongsberg ramma av opptøyer mot dyrtid og mangelfulle vedleveranser. Denne artikkelen undersøker hvordan den lokale pressen, politiet og demonstrantene tolka opptøyene. Kildegrunnlaget ...er tre lokalaviser, Kongsberg Dagblad, Laagendalsposten og den sosialdemokratiske avisa Fremtiden, samt dokumenter fra Kongsberg politikammers etterforskning og rettsforhandlingene etter opptøyene. Kongsberg Dagblads, Laagendalspostens og politiets tolkning av opptøyene bar preg av forsøk på å delegitimere demonstrantene som politiske aktører. Fremtiden uttrykte en implisitt støtte til industriarbeiderne på Kongsberg, men samtidig en ambivalens overfor opptøyene som protestform. Demonstrantenes tolkninger derimot var prega av flerstemmighet. Til en viss grad uttrykte demonstrantene ikke bare tolkninger som stred med pressens og politiets tolkninger, men ga også uttrykk for opposisjonelle meninger og tenkemåter.
Visual Texts, Ceremonial Texts, Texts of Exploration continues the work begun in Russian Monarchy: Representation and Rule, which analyzed the interplay between the symbolic representations of ...Russian monarchs and the legal and institutional instruments of their rule. The articles in this volume examine the texts that, through various media, revealed the myths and scenarios conveying the goals and ideals the monarchy sought to elevate before the elite of the empire and, later, the public at large. Russian monarchy inhabited a highly visual culture, comprising court ceremonials, parades, public festivities, and celebrations. It mobilized the arts through painting, prints, popular pictures (lubki), and even opera. This book examines that artistic culture, focusing on several aspects.
Bringing together a range of theoretical and critical approaches, this edited collection is the first book to examine representations of the body in Eastern European and Russian cinema after the ...Second World War.
Ernst Paraquin war Generalstabsoffizier im deutschen Heer des Ersten Weltkriegs. 1917 wurde er dem türkischen Heer attachiert und tat Dienst zunächst an der Front gegen die Engländer in Mesopotamien ...(Irak) und 1918 bei der türkischen Armee im Kaukasus. In den 1940er Jahren hat er seine Erinnerungen daran aufgeschrieben, die jedoch unveröffentlicht blieben. Das Manuskript gelangte 1945 als Beutegut in die Sowjetunion und liegt heute in der Lomonossow-Universität Moskau. Die Erinnerungen werden 2023 in russischer Übersetzung in Moskau erscheinen. Das deutsche Original erscheint gleichzeitig, aber separat, in Deutschland.
In Spring 1938, an Indian dancer named Ram Gopal and an American writer-photographer named Carl Van Vechten came together for a photoshoot in New York City. Ram Gopal was a pioneer of classical ...Indian dance and Van Vechten was reputed as a prominent white patron of the African-American movement called the Harlem Renaissance. Photo-Attractions describes the interpersonal desires and expectations of the two men that took shape when the dancer took pose in exotic costumes in front of Van Vechten’s Leica camera. The spectacular images provide a rare and compelling record of an underrepresented history of transcultural exchanges during the interwar years of early-20th century, made briefly visible through photography.
Art historian Ajay Sinha uses these hitherto unpublished photographs and archival research to raise provocative and important questions about photographic technology, colonial histories, race, sexuality and transcultural desires. Challenging the assumption that Gopal was merely objectified by Van Vechten’s Orientalist gaze, he explores the ways in which the Indian dancer co-authored the photos. In Sinha’s reading, Van Vechten’s New York studio becomes a promiscuous contact zone between world cultures, where a “photo-erotic” triangle is formed between the American photographer, Indian dancer, and German camera.
A groundbreaking study of global modernity, Photo-Attractions brings scholarship on American photography, literature, race and sexual economies into conversation with work on South Asian visual culture, dance, and gender. In these remarkable historical documents, it locates the pleasure taken in cultural difference that still resonates today.
With the in-depth and comprehensive study of bacteria and their related ecosystems in the human body, bacterial-based drug delivery system has become an emerging biomimetic platform that can retain ...the innate biological functions. Benefiting from its good biocompatibility and ideal targeting ability as a biological carrier, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (ECN) has been focused on the treatment strategies of inflammatory bowel disease and tumor. The advantage of a bacterial carrier is that it can express exogenous protein while also acting as a natural capsule by releasing drug slowly as a result of its own colonization impact. In order to survive in harsh environments such as the digestive tract and tumor microenvironment, ECN can be modified or genetically engineered to enhance its function and host adaptability. The adoption of ECN carries or expresses drugs which are essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment. This review briefly describes the properties of ECN, the relationship between ECN and inflammation and tumor, and the strategy of using surface modification and genetic engineering to modify ECN as a delivery carrier for disease treatment.
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Systemic administration of free chemotherapeutic drugs leads to severe toxic effects, and physiological characteristics of solid tumors restrain the drugs from reaching the hypoxic regions.
Nissle ...1917 (EcN) has been known to penetrate the barrier and proliferate in the interface between the viable and necrotic regions of tumors. This study aimed to fabricate a nanoscale minicell via genetic engineering of EcN for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the hypoxic regions of tumors for cancer therapy.
A large number of minicells were produced by knocking out the
gene and enhancing the
expression in EcN. Then, a pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP) was displayed on the membrane surface through protein display technology to endow the cells with the ability to target the acidic microenvironments of tumors. The acidic-microenvironment targeting ability and therapeutic effect of the engineered minicells with chemotherapeutic drugs was thoroughly evaluated by using breast cancer cells and an orthotopic model of breast tumor.
The EcN-derived minicells displaying pHLIP could be directly extracted from the fermentation broth and used for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs without any further modification. Targeting of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded minicells to cancer cells via pHLIP resulted in rapid internalization and drug release in acidic media. Importantly, the pHLIP-mosaic minicells successfully invaded the necrotic and hypoxic regions of orthotopic breast cancers where free chemotherapeutic drugs could never get to because of vascular insufficiency and high interstitial fluid pressure. This invasion resulted in significant regression of an orthotopic breast tumor in a mouse model, while no seriously pathogenic effects were observed during the animal experiments.
This study provides a novel strategy for the fabrication of tumor-targeting carriers via genetic engineering based on biomaterials with the ability to penetrate hypoxic regions of tumors, high biocompatibility and low toxicity.
Engineered microbes are rapidly being developed for the delivery of therapeutic modalities to sites of disease. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN), a genetically tractable probiotic with a ...well-established human safety record, is emerging as a favored chassis. Here, we summarize the latest progress in rationally engineered variants of EcN for the treatment of infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) when administered orally, as well as cancers when injected directly into tumors or the systemic circulation. We also discuss emerging studies that raise potential safety concerns regarding these EcN-based strains as therapeutics due to their secretion of a genotoxic colibactin that can promote the formation of DNA double-stranded breaks in mammalian DNA.
Due to its genetic tractability; track record of safety in humans; and ability to home to, survive, and replicate in the gastrointestinal tract and tumors, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) has become a favored chassis for engineering ‘smart microbes’ that deliver therapeutic modalities to sites of disease.EcN variants engineered with new therapeutic properties via alterations in its metabolic pathways or the introduction of in situ drug delivery systems are showing promise for the treatment of bacterial infections, inflammatory bowel diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer.Clinical trials are underway to test the safety and efficacy of EcN-based smart microbes for inborn diseases of metabolism and cancer.EcN synthesizes a genotoxin called colibactin capable of causing DNA double-strand breaks in mammalian cells, raising safety concerns about its use clinically.
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