Dieses Buch ist den wichtigsten wissenschaftlichen Ereignissen rund um die Geschichte und Physiologie der Verdauung in Russland gewidmet. Das Fundament der modernen Wissenschaft auf diesem Gebiet ...wurde durch die gemeinsame Arbeit von Wissenschaftlern aus Deutschland, Österreich, Großbritannien, Frankreich und dem damaligen Russischen Reich gelegt. Schon damals war Wissenschaft global. Die Bedeutung dieser Periode in der Wissenschaftsgeschichte und die Errungenschaften einer Reihe russischer Wissenschaftler werden in diesem Werk dargestellt. Dies ist ein Open-Access-Buch.
This monograph considers the problem of the Russian intelligentsia's self-identification in its historic-philosophical aspect and compares the spiritual and biographical opposition of Dostoevsky and ...Tolstoy in the 19th and 20th century.
Since Russia has re-emerged as a global power, its foreign policies have come under close scrutiny. In Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin, Andrei P. Tsygankov identifies honor as the key ...concept by which Russia's international relations are determined. He argues that Russia's interests in acquiring power, security and welfare are filtered through this cultural belief and that different conceptions of honor provide an organizing framework that produces policies of cooperation, defensiveness and assertiveness in relation to the West. Using ten case studies spanning a period from the early nineteenth century to the present day - including the Holy Alliance, the Triple Entente and the Russia-Georgia war - Tsygankov's theory suggests that when it perceives its sense of honor to be recognized, Russia cooperates with the Western nations; without such a recognition it pursues independent policies either defensively or assertively.
"Embattled Nation explores the drama of Canada's tumultuous wartime election. Weeks after the Vimy offensive, Prime Minister Sir Robert Borden issued a call for conscription--the forced enrollment of ...Canada's men for service in the army. Most Liberals, led by Sir Wilfrid Laurier, opposed the measure, while in Quebec, a new movement emerged to fight the government. Borden resorted to unprecedented measures in order to win. Using new sources, this book examines the roots of this divisive election. Everyone had an opinion, and an enduring record of voter turnout was recorded in 1917. Dutil and MacKenzie chronicle Prime Minister Borden's new Union government and the means by which this new party was able to win the election. This was a nightmare election campaign, with English and French Canada bitterly divided over the question of what Canada's role in the war should be, and, indeed, what Canada's identity should be. The debate of one hundred years ago still resonates today."--
Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a probiotic strain with proven efficacy in inducing and maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis. However, the microbial factors that mediate these beneficial effects are not ...fully known. Gram-negative bacteria release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as a direct pathway for delivering selected bacterial proteins and active compounds to the host. In fact, vesicles released by gut microbiota are emerging as key players in signaling processes in the intestinal mucosa. In the present study, the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was used to investigate the potential of EcN OMVs to ameliorate mucosal injury and inflammation in the gut. The experimental protocol involved pre-treatment with OMVs for 10 days before DSS intake, and a 5-day recovery period. Oral administration of purified EcN OMVs (5 μg/day) significantly reduced DSS-induced weight loss and ameliorated clinical symptoms and histological scores. OMVs treatment counteracted altered expression of cytokines and markers of intestinal barrier function. This study shows for the first time that EcN OMVs can mediate the anti-inflammatory and barrier protection effects previously reported for this probiotic in experimental colitis. Remarkably, translation of probiotics to human healthcare requires knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in probiotic-host interactions. Thus, OMVs, as a non-replicative bacterial form, could be explored as a new probiotic-derived therapeutic approach, with even lower risk of adverse events than probiotic administration.
From the Soviet technical intelligentsia emerged more than three quarters of recent Politburo members, including Brezhnev, Kosygin, and Podgorny. The largest single group of dissenters, including ...Grigorenko, Sakharov, and Solzhenitsyn, have also been members.
Originally published in 1978.
ThePrinceton Legacy Libraryuses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
When proposing to write a history of isolated schools in São Paulo in the first half of the 20th century, Angélica Oriani found herself facing empirical challenges and historiographical issues. In ...the first case, the location of the traces left by these schools, sometimes ephemeral, supposed the attendance not only to archives and libraries, but also to teaching police stations in a pilgrimage that took the author to travel through cities in the interior of the state, such as Assis, Marília and Lins. The file was all the more necessary due to the scope of the analysis, located between 1917 and 1945/47, a period in which part of the documentation is still kept in intermediate archives and, therefore, not processed or made available for historical consultation. With regard to historiographical problems, they are of two natures Initially. refer to the very concept of isolated school. In fact, the nomenclature only came into existence when other forms of primary education appeared, such as grouped schools and school groups from 1893 onwards. Before that, in São Paulo, all primary schools were isolated, which is why constituted a specific modality of teaching But the theme also reveals a singularity of Brazilian educational historiography. In Brazil, there has never been, as there is in the US, a field of research on "urban schools"; or, as is current in Mexico, an investigation into "rural schools". Thus, studies about isolated schools sometimes get mixed up with those about rural education, despite the fact that many of these teaching units are located in urban areas, creating an indeterminacy of the research object, urgent to be overcome. The way Angélica dealt with these impasses reveals a critical and creative researcher, at the same time dedicated and sagacious, qualities that only reading this book can reveal. Diana Gonçalves Vidal - Faculty of Education USP
Heparosan is a naturally occurring non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan. Heparosan serves as the substrate for chemoenzymatic synthesis of biopharmaceutically important heparan sulfate and heparin. ...Heparosan is biologically inert molecule, non-toxic, and non-immunogenic and these qualities of heparosan make it an ideal drug delivery vehicle. The critical-to-quality (CTQ) attributes for heparosan applications include composition of heparosan, absence of any unnatural moieties, and heparosan molecular weight size and unimodal distribution. Probiotic bacteria
E. coli
Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a natural producer of heparosan. The current work explores production of EcN heparosan and process parameters that may impact the heparosan CTQ attributes. Results show that EcN could be grown to high cell densities (OD
600
160–180) in a chemically defined media. The fermentation process is successfully scaled from 5-L to 100-L bioreactor. The chemical composition of heparosan from EcN was confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance. Results demonstrate that heparosan molecular weight distribution may be influenced by fermentation and purification conditions. Size exclusion chromatography analysis shows that the heparosan purified from fermentation broth results in bimodal distribution, and cell-free supernatant results in unimodal distribution (average molecular weight 68,000 Da). The yield of EcN-derived heparosan was 3 g/L of cell free supernatant. We further evaluated the application of Nissle 1917 heparosan for chemical modification to prepare
N
-sulfo heparosan (NSH), the first intermediate precursor for heparin and heparan sulfate.
Key points
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High cell density fermentation, using a chemically defined fermentation media for the growth of probiotic bacteria EcN (E. coli Nissle 1917, a natural producer of heparosan) is reported.
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Process parameters towards the production of monodispersed heparosan using probiotic bacteria EcN (Nissle 1917) has been explored and discussed.
•
The media composition and the protocol (SOPs and batch records) have been successfully transferred to contract manufacturing facilities and industrial partners.
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CEKLJ, DOBA, EMUNI, FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Among the gram-negative microorganisms with probiotic properties, Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (briefly EcN) is probably the most intensively investigated bacterial strain today. Since nearly ...100 years, the EcN strain is used as the active pharmaceutical ingredient in a licensed medicinal product that is distributed in Germany and several other countries. Over the last few decades, novel probiotic activities have been detected, which taken together are specific of this versatile E. coli strain. This review gives a short overview on the discovery and history of the EcN strain.
Detection and investigation on bacterial interference (antagonism) in the gut is closely connected to the history of the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917.
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