»Strahlen im Kalten Krieg« untersucht den politischen, wissenschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Umgang mit radioaktiver Strahlung in der Schweiz. Im Kalten Krieg avancierten Atombomben zur ...bedeutendsten Bedrohung, Kernkraftwerke versprachen riesige Mengen an Energie, und Radioisotope befeuerten biomedizinische Forschungen. Strahlen bündelten die Zukunftsversprechen und Visionen, aber auch die Ängste und Bedrohungsvorstellungen der Epoche. Die Studie nimmt Akteure aus Militär, Verwaltung, Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft in den Blick. Sie zeigt auf, wie in der Schweiz seit dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges bis zur Reaktorkatastrophe von Tschernobyl mit Strahlen umgegangen wurde. Sie beleuchtet nicht nur die Vorbereitungen auf einen künftigen Atomkrieg, sondern auch die Vorkehrungen für einen nuklearen Alltag. Die Geschichte von Strahlen und den gegen sie ergriffenen Schutzmaßnahmen gibt Aufschluss über die noch wenig erforschte politische Kultur der Schweiz im Kalten Krieg.
La transition vers la démocratie occupe une place de choix dans l'imaginaire espagnol. Miroir positif de la tragédie représentée par la Guerre civile de 1936-1939, vantée à l'extérieur comme un ...modèle à suivre, cette transition est devenue en Espagne un mythe fondateur. Réputée pacifique, elle n'aurait pas, ou peu, fait couler le sang. Ce livre souligne pourtant le contraire. À partir de données inédites, il conclut à l'existence d'un cycle de violences qui, loin d'être à mettre sur le seul compte de l'ETA, est imputable à des protestataires de tous bords ainsi qu'aux agents de l'État parfois enclins à la bavure. Cet ouvrage se penche sur les motivations et les pratiques des acteurs ainsi que sur la réforme du système répressif franquiste, entachée par le recours à la torture ou à la « guerre sale » contre un terrorisme croissant. Il décrypte en outre le poids des imaginaires dans une Espagne traumatisée par un passé douloureux que réactive la violence du présent. Ainsi, en replaçant la violence et sa mémoire au cœur de l'analyse, il contribue à renouveler l'interprétation de cette période clef de l'Espagne contemporaine. S. B.
Are the best international agreements products of mutual understanding? The conventional wisdom in economics, sociology, and political science is that accurate perceptions of others' interests, ...beliefs, and ideologies promote cooperation. Obstacles to international cooperation therefore emerge from misperception and misunderstanding. InConstructive Illusions, Eric Grynaviski challenges this conventional wisdom by arguing that when nations wrongly believe they share a mutual understanding, international cooperation is actually more likely, and more productive, than if they had a genuine understanding of each other's position.
Mutual understanding can lead to breakdowns in cooperation by revealing intractable conflicts of interest, identity, and ideology. Incorrectly assuming a mutual understanding exists, in contrast, can enhance cooperation by making actors confide that collaborative ventures are in both parties' best interest and that both parties have a reliable understanding of the terms of cooperation. Grynaviski shows how such constructive misunderstandings allowed for cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union between 1972 and 1979.
During détente, the superpowers reached more than 150 agreements, established standing consultative committees, regularly held high-level summit meetings, and engaged in global crisis management. The turn from enmity to cooperation was so stark that many observers predicted a permanent end to the Cold War. Why did the superpowers move from confrontation to cooperation? Grynaviski's theory of the role of misunderstanding in cooperation provides an explanation that is significantly different from liberal institutionalist and constructivist approaches. This book's central claim is that states can form what French president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing called "a superb agreement based on complete misunderstanding."
Originally published in 1973. This book uses the Berlin Crisis of 1961 as a starting point to investigate Soviet-American relations in the Kruschev period. The book first chronicles the timeline of ...the succession of events during the Berlin Crisis and their interrelation. It then turns to the close interaction between Soviet and foreign policy before situating the event into the broader timeline of Soviet history.
A chronological overview from the end of World War II to 1990. This work gives a broad analysis of the major changes, strategies, and situations that helped shape diplomatic and economic relations ...between the two nations.
In this first comprehensive comparison of left-wing violence in the United States and West Germany, Jeremy Varon focuses on America's Weather Underground and Germany's Red Army Faction to consider ...how and why young, middle-class radicals in prosperous democratic societies turned to armed struggle in efforts to overthrow their states. Based on a wealth of primary material, ranging from interviews to FBI reports, this book reconstructs the motivation and ideology of violent organizations active during the 1960s and 1970s. Varon conveys the intense passions of the era--the heat of moral purpose, the depth of Utopian longing, the sense of danger and despair, and the exhilaration over temporary triumphs. Varon's compelling interpretation of the logic and limits of dissent in democratic societies provides striking insights into the role of militancy in contemporary protest movements and has wide implications for the United States' current "war on terrorism." Varon explores Weatherman and RAF's strong similarities and the reasons why radicals in different settings developed a shared set of values, languages, and strategies. Addressing the relationship of historical memory to political action, Varon demonstrates how Germany's fascist past influenced the brutal and escalating nature of the West German conflict in the 60s and 70s, as well as the reasons why left-wing violence dropped sharply in the United States during the 1970s.Bringing the War Homeis a fascinating account of why violence develops within social movements, how states can respond to radical dissent and forms of terror, how the rational and irrational can combine in political movements, and finally how moral outrage and militancy can play both constructive and destructive roles in efforts at social change.
Cold war civil rights Dudziak, Mary L
2011., 20110711, 2011, 2011-07-11, Volume:
75
eBook
In 1958, an African-American handyman named Jimmy Wilson was sentenced to die in Alabama for stealing two dollars. Shocking as this sentence was, it was overturned only after intense international ...attention and the interference of an embarrassed John Foster Dulles. Soon after the United States' segregated military defeated a racist regime in World War II, American racism was a major concern of U.S. allies, a chief Soviet propaganda theme, and an obstacle to American Cold War goals throughout Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Each lynching harmed foreign relations, and "the Negro problem" became a central issue in every administration from Truman to Johnson.
À travers les dynamiques scolaires de la région éthiopienne du Wolaita, ce livre retrace l'histoire de l'État-nation à partir de ses marges, dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. De la monarchie de ...droit divin de Haylä Sellasé au régime militaire marxiste-léniniste du Därg, il s'intéresse aux manières dont les habitants d'une région, incorporée à la fin du XIXe siècle, ont réagi face à leur situation dominée au sein de l'ensemble national en négociant avec l'institution scolaire - ses idéologies successives, ses savoirs, ses langues d'enseignement, ses pratiques de pouvoir - pour prendre place dans la communauté politique. En s'attachant aux sentiments d'appartenances quotidiens et au nationalisme ordinaire tel que manifestés dans les dynamiques scolaires, ce livre témoigne de la façon dont les nations sont construites et remodelées dans l'interaction et les tensions entre divers groupes sociaux et l'État. Les manières dont les gouvernements éthiopiens se sont approprié les modèles scolaires nord-américains puis soviétiques offrent un regard particulier sur les positionnements changeants de l'Éthiopie vis-à-vis du monde extérieur dans le contexte de la guerre froide, ainsi que sur les formes de traductions à l'oeuvre jusqu'à l'échelle locale. Mettant en scène une multiplicité d'acteurs - femmes et hommes, urbains diplômés et paysans, fonctionnaires nationaux et locaux, coopérants nord-américains du Peace Corps et conseillers est-allemands, missionnaires catholiques et protestants - ce livre s'adresse à une audience bien plus large que celle des seuls éthiopisants.
As the most populous country in Eastern Europe as well as the birthplace of the largest anticommunist dissident movement, Poland is crucial in understanding the end of the Cold War. During the 1980s, ...both the United States and the Soviet Union vied for influence over Poland's politically tumultuous steps toward democratic revolution. In this groundbreaking history, Gregory F. Domber examines American policy toward Poland and its promotion of moderate voices within the opposition, while simultaneously addressing the Soviet and European influences on Poland's revolution in 1989. With a cast including Reagan, Gorbachev, and Pope John Paul II, Domber charts American support of anticommunist opposition groups--particularly Solidarity, the underground movement led by future president Lech Wałęsa--and highlights the transnational network of Polish emigres and trade unionists that kept the opposition alive.Utilizing archival research and interviews with Polish and American government officials and opposition leaders, Domber argues that the United States empowered a specific segment of the Polish opposition and illustrates how Soviet leaders unwittingly fostered radical, pro-democratic change through their policies. The result is fresh insight into the global impact of the Polish pro-democracy movement.
Soviet Baby Boomers traces the collapse of the Soviet Union and the transformation of Russia into a modern, highly literate, urban society through the life stories of the country's first post-World ...War II, Cold War generation. It is based on interviews with sixty 1967 graduates of two "magnet" secondary schools that offered intensive instruction in English, one in Moscow and one in Saratov. Illuminating a critical generation of people who had remained largely faceless up until now, the book reveals what it meant to "live Soviet" during the twilight of the Soviet empire.
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