Despite widely‐reported ethnicity disparities in pay and occupational attainment, little is known about how different ethnic groups fare in job control—a crucial component of job quality with ...significant implications for well‐being and health. Drawing on two large‐scale representative datasets in the United Kingdom (1992–2022), we find that workers from all Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups conditionally report significantly lower job control than their White British counterparts, although heterogeneity exists depending on the BAME group in question. Ethnicity penalties are also most pronounced for foreign‐born workers. Despite a slow trend towards convergence, ethnicity disparities have remained significant over the last three decades. We further show that disparities are largely unexplained by compositional factors such as pay and occupation, demonstrating ethnicity penalties in job control. By linking ethnicity to job control, this study contributes to the growing research on BAME workers in the labour market, as well as the literatures on job quality and multisegmented labour markets.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Gas is fast becoming an integral component of the energy mix in Ghana and holds huge prospects for the future. However, there is still great uncertainty surrounding the size of this potential market ...and often results in supply shortfalls. The recurrent shortages in the supply of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for domestic and industrial consumption pose a great challenge to the goal of promoting access and utilisation of modern and efficient energy to engender sustainable development in Ghana. As a result, this paper investigates the long‐ and short‐run demand drivers of LPG in Ghana and presents a 10‐year forecast of future trends in the demand using the autoregressive distributed lag and partial adjustment model techniques. Results identify income, price and urbanisation as the main drivers of demand. Projections from all three scenarios reveal that demand for LPG will reach a minimum of 5.9 million metric tons by the year 2022. This result has serious implications on both demand and supply side management, and thus calls for stringent efforts to attract the requisite infrastructure to ensure stable and reliable supply of LPG to meet domestic and industrial demands.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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