Abstract
Homeowners who originally bought when marketwide price levels were high (low) fetch high (low) sales prices and rents, even decades later. We study the propagation of reference-dependence to ...neighboring listings. The “spillover” reference point effect is about one-half as large as the “own” reference point effect. Neither house quality nor location appears capable of explaining the result. Using a simple model to provide empirical predictions, we find support for a competition-based mechanism. We quantify the aggregate effect of own and spillover reference point effects on aggregate prices and/or rents at the ZIP code level.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Using data on primary school children and their teachers, we show that teachers who hold prejudicial attitudes towards an ethnic group create socially and spatially segregated classrooms. Leveraging ...a natural experiment where newly arrived refugee children are randomly assigned to teachers within schools, we find that teachers' ethnic prejudice, measured by an implicit association test, significantly lowers the prevalence of interethnic social links, increases homophilic ties among host children, and puts refugee children at a higher risk of peer violence. Our results highlight the role of teachers in achieving integrated schools in a world of increasing ethnic diversity.
Crowdsourced technology has been proven as effective communication mechanism in various disaster relief efforts worldwide. It often results in generating actionable and timely information regarding ...disaster situation, shelters, requirement for and availability of essential supplies such as food, clothing etc. But crowdsourcing has its downsides such as providing potentially inaccurate, incomplete and unverifiable information. We have developed and deployed a crowdsourced disaster relief mobile and web platform during 2018 and 2019 Kerala floods and provided relief to victims in the areas of rescue, medical help, supplies and services. During the deployment we experienced firsthand, both the positive and the negative aspects of crowdsourced approach. In this paper we detail our experiences and analysis and highlight some potential measures to mitigate the challenges in deploying crowdsourced technology.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
Despite the scientific progress in drought detection and forecasting, it remains challenging to accurately predict the corresponding impact of a drought event. This is due to the complex ...relationships between (multiple) drought indicators and adverse impacts across different places/hydroclimatic conditions, sectors, and spatiotemporal scales. In this study, we explored these relationships by analyzing the impacts of the severe 2018–2019 central European drought event in Germany. We first computed the standardized precipitation index (SPI), the standardized precipitation evaporation index (SPEI), the standardized soil moisture index (SSMI) and the standardized streamflow index (SSFI) over various accumulation periods, and then related these indicators to sectorial losses from the European drought impact report inventory (EDII) and media sources. To cope with the uncertainty associated with both drought indicators and impact data, we developed a fuzzy method to categorize them. Lastly, we applied the method at the region level (EU NUTS1) by correlating monthly time series. Our findings revealed strong and significant relationships between drought indicators and impacts over different accumulation periods, albeit in some cases region-specific and time-variant. Furthermore, our analysis established the interconnectedness between various sectors, which displayed systematically co-occurring impacts. As such, our work provides a new framework to explore drought indicators-impacts dependencies across space, time, sectors, and scales. In addition, it emphasizes the need to leverage available impact data to better forecast drought impacts.
How does identity influence economic behavior in the labor market? I investigate this question in rural India, focusing on the effect of caste identity on job-specific labor supply. In a field ...experiment, laborers choose whether to take up various job offers, which differ in associations with specific castes. Workers are less willing to accept offers that are linked to castes other than their own, especially when those castes rank lower in the social hierarchy. Workers forgo large payments to avoid job offers that conflict with their caste identity, even when these decisions are made in private. (JEL C93, D91, J15, J22, O12, Z13)
En los últimos treinta años en las elecciones electorales a gobernador en Baja California, se ha registrado muy poca participación ciudadana a pesar de que se considera una entidad con calidad ...educativa alta y con indicadores económicos positivos. En las elecciones de 2019 se registra la participación más baja en lasúltimas tres décadas dentro de la entidad y al mismo tiempo ocurriendo un cambio político en la entidad después de treinta años gobernados por el PAN. Por lo tanto, el propósito del artículo es responder la siguiente pregunta ¿Por qué a pesar de tener indicadores económicos positivos, la participación ciudadana en B.C. no incrementó en la elección para gobernador en el proceso electoral 2018-2019? ¿Qué explica el cambio político en Baja California?
Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) is one of the most influential forms of information and strongly affects customers' willingness to adopt new innovations. Using four metrics of eWOM from YouTube—the ...numbers of likes, dislikes, views, and comments—this study empirically investigates the dynamic relationships between eWOM and movie box office sales based on innovation diffusion theory. The results show that the innovation diffusion process is applicable in the movie industry. That is, the impacts of the number of views, likes, dislikes, and comments for movie trailers on YouTube on movie box office revenue are first increasing and then gradually decreasing.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
I show that offering monetary rewards to whistleblowers can backfire as a moral aversion to being paid for harming others can reverse the effect of financial incentives. I run a field ...experiment with employees of the Afghan Ministry of Education, who are asked to confidentially report on their colleagues’ attendance. I use a two-by-two design, randomizing whether or not reporting absence carries a monetary incentive as well as the perceived consequentiality of the reports. In the consequential treatment arm, where employees are given examples of the penalties that might be imposed on absentees, 15% of participants choose to denounce their peers when reports are not incentivized. In this consequential group, rewards backfire: Only 10% of employees report when denunciations are incentivized. In the non-consequential group, where participants are guaranteed that their reports will not be forwarded to the government, only 6% of employees denounce absence without rewards. However, when moral concerns of harming others are limited through the guarantee of non-consequentiality, rewards do not backfire: The incentivized reporting rate is 12%.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
We analyze the relationship between occupational gender composition and gender discrimination in recruitment and investigate whether there is hiring discrimination against men in female‐dominated ...occupations. We do this with a large‐scale field experiment where we submitted more than 12,000 job applications for 12 occupations in Australia, varying the gender of the applicants. Men received around 50% more callbacks than women in male‐dominated occupations, while they received over 40% fewer callbacks in female‐dominated occupations.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Over the past decade, we have conducted geochemical and isotopic monitoring of the fumarolic gases of the Peteroa volcano (Argentina‐Chile). Using the resulting data set, we constructed a conceptual ...model that describes the evolution of the magmatic‐hydrothermal system and identifies precursory geochemical signals of the last eruption. Our data set includes new chemical and isotopic analyses of fumarolic gas samples collected from 2016 to 2021, as well as previously published data from the 2010–2015 period. After an eruptive period in 2010–2011, the activity was characterized by low degassing rates and seismic activity. However, an increase in seismic activity and fumarolic gas emissions was observed from 2016 to 2018–2019 eruptive episode, leading to a major phreato‐magmatic eruption. Fumarole gases show different compositions during quiescent versus unrest/eruptive degassing related to the interaction of deep (magmatic) and shallow (hydrothermal) fluid contributions. During quiescent periods, fumaroles exhibited low SO2/H2S, HF/CO2, and HCl/CO2 ratios (<0.1), revealing a dominant hydrothermal contribution. In contrast, during pre‐and syn‐eruptive periods, fumaroles showed ratios up to 100 times higher indicative of an enhanced magmatic input. When compared to the evolution of the seismic activity, the increment of magmatic‐related strong acidic gases suggests repeated inputs of hot magmatic fluids, which are only partially dissolved into the hydrothermal system feeding the fumaroles. Interestingly, the 3He/4He and δ13C‐CO2 values remained relatively constant during the magmatic and hydrothermal degassing in 2016–2021, suggesting that the deep magmatic gas source did not significantly change throughout variations in Peteroa's activity.
Plain Language Summary
The Peteroa volcano is an active volcano located in the southern Andes Mountains of South America. It has erupted multiple times in recent years, but there is limited knowledge about its behavior and potential damage it could cause. To address this, we have been studying the volcano for the past decade using special techniques to examine the gases that come out of the openings in the ground, known as fumaroles. These fumaroles allow volcanic gases to escape, and by collecting data on fumarolic gas samples from 2010 to 2021, we have developed a model that helps us understand how the volcano changes over time and identify warning signs of an upcoming eruption. Our research found increased seismic activity and fumarolic gas emissions starting in 2016, leading to a significant eruption from 2018 to 2019. We also discovered that the composition of the fumarolic gases varies depending on whether the volcano is in a quiet or unrest period. During quiet periods, the gases show compositions with a stronger influence from underground water, but before and during the 2018–2019 eruption, the gas compositions showed changes indicating a more significant influence of magma. This study is vital as it enhances our understanding of volcano behavior and provides valuable insights for forecasting future eruptions. This is particularly important in the region as there are many potentially dangerous volcanoes with limited available information, but the findings can be applied to improve our understanding of other volcanoes, ultimately contributing to the global knowledge base on volcanic processes.
Key Points
Geochemical and isotopic monitoring of Peteroa volcano allowed us to elaborate a conceptual model that explains the evolution of the magmatic‐hydrothermal system
Fumarolic gases exhibit different compositions during quiescent and unrest/eruptive periods, allowing the identification of precursory signals of the last eruption
Despite variations in activity, the deep magmatic gas source of Peteroa volcano remained relatively constant, as indicated by consistent He and C isotopic values
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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