Background: The study aimed to investigate and rank the barriers affecting the development of pharmaceutical industry exports in Iran's AHP method.
Methods: The research applied and descriptive ...method, a field documentary. The study's statistical population was all pharmaceutical organizations that operate in the direction of export to other countries; the study's statistical population consisted of business managers and professors working in the field of export and marketing managers of exporting pharmaceutical companies. The method of data collection was using a questionnaire. The data analysis method was a hierarchical analysis method using a decision tree.
Results: Evaluation of the results obtained for the barrier of workforce and knowledge of indicators of access to specialized and skilled labor in the field of drug production, skills and technical knowledge in the company in innovative design and development of new products, existing knowledge infrastructure for clinical trial studies In the country of origin, access to a specialized and skilled workforce in the field of drug export, the number of academic and research centers in the field of medicine, the relationship of academic and research centers in the field of medicine with industry and access to cheap labor and the necessary knowledge in compiling and collecting documents Necessary for export to target countries were approved.
Conclusion: For many firms, the most important external factors that prevent barriers to entering international markets include tariff and non-tariff barriers, foreign exchange rates, fluctuations, competition in foreign markets, government policies, foreign trade practices, and different product and consumption standards. 18 Similarly, operational barriers include the terms of receipt and payment from foreign buyers, establishing transport arrangements, customs clearance, representation, and managing international distribution channels through international markets.
Forecasting drought and determining relevant data to predict drought are an important topic for decision-makers and planners. It is critical to predicting drought in the south of Fars province, an ...important agricultural center in Iran located in arid and semi-arid climates. The purpose of this study was to generate a drought map in 2019 using 12 parameters: altitude, aridity index, erosion, groundwater depth, land use, PET (Potential evapotranspiration), precipitation days, precipitation, slope, soil texture, soil salinity, and distance to river, and predict drought maps in 2030 and 2040 using the cellular automata (CA)-Markov model spatially. The fuzzy method was first used to homogenize the data. Next, by evaluating each parameter, the weight of each parameter was calculated using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and a map of drought-prone areas was generated. The results of the fuzzy-AHP method showed that the eastern and southeastern regions of the study area were prone to drought. The four most predictive parameters in causing drought, i.e., aridity index, PET, precipitation, and soil texture, were selected using the Best search method and were then chosen as the input to determine drought mapping using the fuzzy and AHP methods. Finally, the CA-Markov model was used to predict future drought maps, and the results showed that in 2030 and 2040 the drought situation in the east and south of the study area would intensify.
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•A drought map for the south of Fars, Iran in 2019 was generated using 12 parameters.•Fuzzy method was combined with the analytic hierarchy process for each parameter.•There are four key parameters: aridity index, PET, precipitation, and soil texture.•Drought maps in 2030 and 2040 were predicted using the CA-Markov method.•In 2030 and 2040, the drought situation in the study area would intensify.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•A new framework to cope with data scarcity problem is developed for lager scale flash flood risk mapping.•Analytic hierarchy process is improved considering the objective variability of data.•Data ...mining technique overcomes the difficulty in defining risk ranks’ threshold.
Flash floods are one of the most severe natural disasters throughout the world, and are responsible for sizeable social and economic losses, as well as countless injuries and death. Risk assessment, which identifies areas susceptible to flooding, has been shown to be an effective tool for managing and mitigating flash floods. The study aims to introduce the methods to determine the weights of the risk indices, and identify the different risk clusters. In this regard, we proposed a methodology for comprehensively assessing flash flood risk in a GIS environment, by the improved analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) method, and an integration of iterative self-organizing data (ISODATA) analysis and maximum likelihood (ISO-Maximum) clustering algorithm. The weight for each risk index is determined by the IAHP, which integrates the subjective characteristics with objective attributes of the assessment data. Based on the data mining technology, the integration of ISO-Maximum clustering algorithm derives a more reasonable classification. The Guangdong Province of China was selected for testing the proposed method’s applicability, and we used a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve approach to validate the modeling of the flash-flood risk distribution. The validation against the historical flash flood data indicates a high reliability of this method for comprehensive flash flood risk assessment. In order to verify the proposed method’s superiority, in addition, the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and the weights-of-evidence (WE) methods are used for comparison with the IAHP and ISO-Maximum clustering algorithm method. Moreover, we analyzed and compared the regularity of flash floods in the rural and urban areas. This study not only provides a new approach for large-scale flash flood comprehensive risk assessment, but also assists researchers and local decision-makers in designing flash flood mitigation strategies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The aim of this study was to generate land suitability maps for maize farming in calcareous and saline-sodic soils in the Marvdasht plain, Iran. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) multi-criteria ...method integrated with GIS and geostatictic was employed to estimate weighting of soil properties, climate and topography data. The results indicated that soil texture showed the highest specific weight (0.20) for maize farming followed by electrical conductivity (0.121), slope (1 2 0) and pH (0.118). The land suitability map showed that 38.72% (76,646.7 ha) of the studied agricultural land were the best soils for the maize production i.e. high suitable class, 26.89% (53,216.0 ha) was for the moderately suitable class and 23.98% (47,473 ha) was for marginally suitable class. The 10.41% (20,586.4) of study region was classified as not-suitable for maize farming. It was concluded that soil property, climate and topography data combined with local expert opinion is a first step in site-specific crop farming.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Emergency triage is an evaluation process that orders patients according to the degree of urgency. This allows patients with more urgent symptoms to be treated with priority. The availability of a ...structured triage system is a fundamental measure to improve the quality of Urgent and Emergency Services, protect patients, increase user satisfaction and optimize resources. The present study was carried out in three hospitals of the Public Health System of the Guayaquil province with the objective of determining which of all the existing triage protocols is the most appropriate for the centers under study. The analysis carried out using the AHP method made it possible to determine the protocol that, in the opinion of the experts, is the most appropriate. KEYWORDS: Triage protocol, comparison of triage systems, AHP method, multicriteria, emergency system. MSC: 90B50, 97M60, 97M70. El triaje de urgencias es un proceso de evaluación que ordena los pacientes según el grado de urgencia. Esto permite que los pacientes con sintomatologías más urgentes sean atendidos con prioridad. La disponibilidad de un sistema de triaje estructurado es una medida fundamental para mejorar la calidad de los Servicios de Urgencias y Emergencias, proteger a los pacientes, aumentar la satisfacción de los usuarios y optimizar recursos. El presente estudio se realizó en tres hospitales del Sistema de Salud Pública de la provincia Guayaquil con el objetivo de determinar cuál, de todos los protocolos de triaje existentes, es el más adecuado para los centros objeto de estudio. El análisis realizado mediante el método AHP permitió determinar el protocolo que a juicio de los expertos es el más adecuado. PALABRAS CLAVES: Protocolo de triaje, comparación de sistemas de triaje, método AHP, multicriterio, sistema de urgencias.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The article presents the results of work on the application of the AHP method in the selection of optimal parameters of the epoxidation process of unsaturated compounds, which significantly affect ...the course of the research process, while allowing the user to ignore those factors that have a negligible impact on the results. AHP is a multi-criteria decision technique that can assist in making an overall decision by breaking down a complex problem into a multi-level hierarchical structure of goal, criteria, and alternatives. It has been found that this method greatly simplifies the testing process, reducing the time to obtain reliable results and reducing testing costs as it reduces the number of tests required.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Distribution network planning is an important task in the process of power grid construction and development. Scientific and rational planning is the key factor for the economic construction and ...reliable operation of the power grid. Aiming at the difficulty in quantifying the weight of distribution network planning schemes, a comprehensive evaluation method of distribution network planning schemes based on the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method is proposed. First, a comprehensive evaluation index system is established from the four aspects of power supply, namely reliability, economy, power supply quality and safety of the distribution network. Then, a comprehensive evaluation method of electricity reliability optimised by entropy weight method is adopted by analytic hierarchy process, which considers both subjective situation and objective weighting. At the same time, the comprehensive weight of the aggregation of the criterion layer and the scheme layer is calculated. Finally, the link between the aggregation matrix and the index weights of the criterion layer is used to calculate the weights of the scheme layer so that they can be sorted out. The experimental results show that the effectiveness and feasibility of the planning and analysis indicators and evaluation methods of the method proposed in this paper are verified by a numerical example.
Measuring customer satisfaction in service businesses is very important in terms of both increasing service quality and meeting customer expectations. Up-to-date and comprehensive quality of service ...measurement techniques provide important information to the companies about the way customers perceive the quality and their service quality expectations. It is critical to measure the service quality for airline transportation, which is becoming more popular compared to other types of transportation and therefore increasing competition. In order to compete in the market and improve their service quality, companies should know their customers well and make improvements by analysing their expectations correctly. In this context, the SERVQUAL method is one of the frequently preferred and effective tools in service quality measurement. However, it is not possible to deal with the effects of radical changes such as the development and transformations of technology, events and trends under the influence of the world with the conventional SERVQUAL method. For this purpose, the traditional method consisting of five dimensions has been extended to nine dimensions by adding four more dimensions, namely Environment, Pandemic, Digital Technology and Information Systems. While it is possible to perform a more detailed service quality measurement with the proposed method, companies are provided with an effective and up-to-date tool to determine which dimensions are more important. In this study after structuring main dimensions and its inner levels hierarchically, Modified Delphi method is applied to a group of experts and the main criteria are evaluated with Best Worst Method and sub-criteria are evaluated with Interval-Valued Neutrosophic AHP method. After subjecting the criteria, whose importance are determined, to sensitivity analysis, the results obtained are evaluated in terms of airline transportation and recommendations are presented. In addition to the extended approach it proposes, this study is the most detailed research on airline service quality as far as we know.
•A novel and most comprehensive airline service quality measurement framework is presented to the literature.•SERVQUAL model is extended with new dimensions related to pandemic, environment, digital and information technology.•The study combined the BWM and interval valued neutrosophic AHP methodologies for the first time.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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