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The sociology of hazardous waste, risk, and disastersis a relatively new discipline with anincreasing volume of empirical research by scholars. Francis O. Adeola focuses this bookon hazardous ...and toxic wastes releases, industrial toxic disasters, contamination of communities and the environment, and the subsequent adverse health effects among exposed populations.He explains the emerging sociological study of risk, natural, and technological disasters, and he reviews the accumulated body of knowledge in the field up-to-date. This groundbreaking work integrates sociological perspectives with perspectives from other disciplines in the discussion of the problems posed by technological hazards both in advanced industrialized societies and in underdeveloped world.
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The sociology of hazardous waste, risk, and disasters is a relatively new discipline with an increasing volume of empirical research by scholars. Francis O. Adeola focuses this book on hazardous and toxic wastes releases, industrial toxic disasters, contamination of communities and the environment, and the subsequent adverse health effects among exposed populations. He explains the emerging sociological study of risk, natural, and technological disasters, and he reviews the accumulated body of knowledge in the field up-to-date. This groundbreaking work integrates sociological perspectives with perspectives from other disciplines in the discussion of the problems posed by technological hazards both in advanced industrialized societies and in underdeveloped world.
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PART I: HAZARDOUS WASTES, DISASTERS AND HEALTH RISKS Sociology of Hazardous Wastes, Disasters, and Risk Hazardous and Toxic Wastes as Social Problems Taxonomy of Hazardous Wastes PART II: ELECTRONIC WASTES, PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS, AND HEALTH EFFECTS Electronic Waste: The Dark Side of High-Tech Revolution Environmental Health Risks of Persistent Organic Compounds PART III: CONTAMINATED COMMUNITIES AND REGULATORY RESPONSES Communities Contaminated by Toxic Wastes and Industrial Disasters: Selected Cases The Regulatory Frameworks PART IV: CONCLUSION Critical Environmental Justice Movement
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Francis Adeola is a professor of Sociology at University of New Orleans.
As aircraft have become more reliable, humans have played a progressively more important causal role in aviation accidents. Consequently, a growing number of aviation organizations are tasking their ...safety personnel with developing accident investigation and other safety programs to address the highly complex and often nebulous issue of human error. Yet, many safety professionals are illequipped to perform these new duties.
The purpose of the present book is to remedy this situation by presenting a comprehensive, userfriendly framework to assist practitioners in effectively investigating and analyzing human error in aviation. Coined the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), its framework is based on James Reason's (1990) well-known "Swiss cheese" model of accident causation. In essence, HFACS bridges the gap between theory and practice in a way that helps improve both the quantity and quality of information gathered in aviation accidents and incidents.
The HFACS framework was originally developed for, and subsequently adopted by, the U.S. Navy/Marine Corps as an accident investigation and data analysis tool. The U.S. Army, Air Force, and Coast Guard, as well as other military and civilian aviation organizations around the world are also currently using HFACS to supplement their preexisting accident investigation systems. In addition, HFACS has been taught to literally thousands of students and safety professionals through workshops and courses offered at professional meetings and universities. Indeed, HFACS is now relatively well known within many sectors of aviation and an increasing number of organizations worldwide are interested in exploring its usage. Consequently, the authors currently receive numerous requests for more information about the system on what often seems to be a daily basis.
When sea level humans go to high altitude, they have to increase their red blood cells in order to compensate for the environment hypobaric hypoxia. What are the normal levels of hemoglobin, ...hematocrit, and red blood cells for each altitude? What are the specific variations in each civilization? We have over 43 years of work at the high Altitude Pulmonary and Pathology Institute, on this subject. We established the normal values for the city of La Paz, Bolivia at 3522m, in 3373 but it was poorly understood and other centers applied it without considering the variations of altitude. One can take different parameters to evaluate where the top cutoff limit for polyerythrocythemia is and likewise where anemia is present at high altitude. We proposed likewise a classification: Mild, Moderate and Severe, depending on the amount of red blood cells present. The limits where one can speak of polyerythrocythemia, depend on where the symptomatology (if present) appears. But it can also be the standard deviation. The Gauss curve of distribution can also be visually analyzed to set the limits.
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There has been a dearth of longitudinal attention to the prosecution of 'road traffic deaths' in Australia and worldwide, surprising given more than 50 million people have died or been killed to ...date. Globally, the 'road toll' is estimated at 1.35 million per year. Almost all of those deaths are attributable to some form of human error.
This study is focusing on improvement a new Group Personal Accident (GPA) model by study the weakness and strength of existing model. Judging from the gap in the existing Group Personal Accident in ...mostly oil & gas Company, essentially this research was conducted with a focus scope on Oil and Gas Company in Malaysia for improvement Service Quality of Takaful Company and more beneficial on Safety at workplace to employee.
With the rapid development of China's chemical industry, although researchers have developed many methods in the field of chemical safety, the situation of chemical safety in China is still not ...optimistic. How to prevent accidents has always been the focus of scholars' attention.
Based on the characteristics of chemical enterprises and the Heinrich accident triangle, this paper developed the organizational-level accident triangle, which divides accidents into group-level, unit-level, and workshop-level accidents. Based on 484 accident records of a large chemical enterprise in China, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the rationality of accident classification and the occurrence rules of accidents at different levels. In addition, this paper used TF-IDF and K-means algorithms to extract keywords and perform text clustering analysis for accidents at different levels based on accident classification. The risk factors of each accident cluster were further analyzed, and improvement measures were proposed for the sample enterprises.
The results show that reducing unit-level accidents can prevent group-level accidents. The accidents of the sample enterprises are mainly personal injury accidents, production accidents, environmental pollution accidents, and quality accidents. The leading causes of personal injury accidents are employees' unsafe behaviors, such as poor safety awareness, non-standard operation, illegal operation, untimely communication, etc. The leading causes of production accidents, environmental pollution accidents, and quality accidents include the unsafe state of materials, such as equipment damage, pipeline leakage, short-circuiting, excessive fluctuation of process parameters, etc. CONCLUSION: Compared with the traditional accident classification method, the accident triangle proposed in this paper based on the organizational level dramatically reduces the differences between accidents, helps enterprises quickly identify risk factors, and prevents accidents. This method can effectively prevent accidents and provide helpful guidance for the safety management of chemical enterprises.
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Road telematics and driver assistance systems offer a real opportunity to aid mobility and road safety. However, they also raise numerous questions. Problems related to the design and evaluation of ...intelligent driver support systems (IDSSs) and social perspectives related to their large scale introduction may only be fully addressed from a multi-disciplinary viewpoint. People from both engineering and social sciences, should be involved and this book provides such knowledge from both a human and social factors perspective.
According to long-term observations of drivers - participants in road accidents, the new interpretation of the generally accepted definition of post-accident syndrome is proposed and the criteria for ...this concept defined. The methods and ways of removing the driver out of the post-accident syndrome are formulated. The classification of post-accident syndrome is formulated according to statistics analysis. The new term “psychological severity of the accident” was proposed for discussion.
The last ten years have seen explosive growth in the technology available to the collision analyst, changing the way reconstruction is practiced in fundamental ways. The greatest technological ...advances for the crash reconstruction community have come in the realms of photogrammetry and digital media analysis. The widespread use of scanning technology has facilitated the implementation of powerful new tools to digitize forensic data, create 3D models and visualize and analyze crash vehicles and environments. The introduction of unmanned aerial systems and standardization of crash data recorders to the crash reconstruction community have enhanced the ability of a crash analyst to visualize and model the components of a crash reconstruction. Because of the technological changes occurring in the industry, many SAE papers have been written to address the validation and use of new tools for collision reconstruction. Collision Reconstruction Methodologies Volumes 1-12 bring together seminal SAE technical papers surrounding advancements in the crash reconstruction field. Topics featured in the series include: • Night Vision Study and Photogrammetry • Vehicle Event Data Recorders • Motorcycle, Heavy Vehicle, Bicycle and Pedestrian Accident Reconstruction The goal is to provide the latest technologies and methodologies being introduced into collision reconstruction - appealing to crash analysts, consultants and safety engineers alike.
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