Macedonia is a region in the Balkans with traditional boundaries at the lower Néstos (Mesta in Bulgaria) River and the Rhodope Mountains to the east; the Skopska Crna Gora and Shar mountains, ...bordering Southern Serbia, in the north; the Korab range and Ohrid and Prespa Lakes in the west; and the Pindus Mountains and the Aliákmon River in the south. Illyrian heraldry consists of manuscript collections with coats of arms—armorials that appeared on the Dalmatian coast, and in Italy, Spain, and Austria, in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The two Stematographias of Pavle Ritter Vitezovich and Hristofor Zhefarovich are traditionally added to this group, as well as a number of other documents directly or indirectly related to the armorials. There is a possibility of a third: two different sources with relatively similar blazons, resulting in the simplification and inverse coloring of the both coats of arms. This would mean that it is quite possible that the Macedonian coat of arms was taken over by Capaccio, who took it from another older source. First of all, the coats of arms with a lion attributed to Alexander the Great should be taken into consideration.
Alexander the Great Martin, Thomas R.; Blackwell, Christopher W.
09/2012
eBook
Everything we know about Alexander comes from ancient sources, which agree unanimously that he was extraordinary and greater than everyday mortals. From his birth into a hypercompetitive world of ...royal women through his training under the eyes and fists of stern soldiers and the piercing intellect of Aristotle; through friendships, rivalries, conquests and negotiations; through acts of generosity and acts of murder, this book explains who Alexander was, what motivated him, where he succeeded (in his own eyes) and where he failed, and how he believed that he earned a new 'mixed' nature combining the human and the divine. This book explains what made Alexander 'Great' according to the people and expectations of his time and place and rejects modern judgments asserted on the basis of an implicit moral superiority to antiquity.
Abstract The neoclassical sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen’s (1770–1844) art has rarely been examined in a political context although his art was commissioned by liberals and conservatives alike. This ...article seeks to rectify this deficiency by examining one of Thorvaldsen’smost famous works, the Alexander Frieze, and the history of its reception in apolitical context. The article explores how the frieze, which was commissioned by Napoleon I, reflects the relationship between art and power in the period and how this relationship evolved during Thorvaldsen’s lifetime. The article demonstrates that Thorvaldsen had a conflicted relationship with the concept of monarchy and that contemporaries claimed that Thorvaldsen expressed subtle criticism of Napoleon in the frieze. The reception history of the frieze until 1850 will illustrate how Thorvaldsen gained artistic independence while his art was also appropriated to satisfy the ideological needs of various political factions.
The author is of the opinion that as a result of Alexander the Great’s conquest of Syria (late 333–332 BC), which had been a single administrative entity under the Achaemenids, it was divided into ...two satrapies – the northern and the southern one. He believes that Menon, son of Cerdimmas, was appointed as the first head of the northern satrapy (winter 333/332), to be replaced by Arimmas (early spring 331), who, in his turn, was succeeded by Asclepiodorus, son of Eunicus (late summer 331). Besides, it seems that Andromachus became the first head of the southern satrapy (shortly before winter 332/331), and after he was killed, Menon, transferred from the north to the south, took his place (early spring 331). Already in Alexander’s lifetime, probably in 329/328, Syria was once again merged into one satrapy. It is unclear who was installed as satrap of the unified region. At any rate, it could not have been Menes, son of Dionysius: the hypothesis that in winter 331/330 he was made satrap of the new province including Syria and Cilicia does not stand scrutiny. In the author’s view, the main task Alexander assigned to Menes was to take control and then to keep open and organized the sea communications with the coast of Syria, Phoenicia and Cilicia, and in the matters concerning these activities Menes was fully independent of the local satraps.
La gesta de Alejandro Magno en el Mediterráneo oriental y Asia supuso una gran transformación cultural del mundo conocido en el siglo IV a. C. y, en especial, en el urbanismo y la concepción ...arquitectónica. Este texto realiza un análisis de la relación del macedonio con la arquitectura, el urbanismo y, en especial, con la arquitectura funeraria, y cómo se plasmó en las representaciones artísticas de la Edad Moderna. Los artistas de los siglos XVI a XVIII sintieron especial interés por los actos de veneración de Alejandro hacia los edificios sagrados de otras religiones y hacia las tumbas de los héroes homéricos, como se demuestra a través de diversos ejemplos pictóricos.
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Arrian's account of Alexander's brief time at Ephesus (Anab. 1.17.10–12) is shot through with political and factional violence, but he nevertheless concludes that Alexander received acclaim for what ...he did in the city. But what did Alexander actually do at Ephesus? Arrian offers a list of events that historians have traditionally interpreted as connected to Macedonian intervention in Asia Minor before indicating that Alexander put an end to the violence. This article offers a new reading of this passage by situating these events in the context of fourth-century Ephesus to show how Alexander's actions responded to the local conditions that he encountered.
In his major works for the pope, as well as several other works from his maturity, Bacon focused on the utility of natural knowledge, both in terms of human know-how and what that know-how could ...produce. He looked to the courtly sciences (such as medicine, astral science, optics, and material science), which privilege application and knowledge gained through the sensorium, as sources of natural knowledge and as exemplars for the potential of natural knowledge. This essay argues that Roger Bacon’s work ought to be understood within the context of the court. Bacon’s emphasis on devices in the pursuit of knowledge and utility demonstrates the extent to which the courtly sciences (such as engineering, navigation, alchemy, and divination) were valued alongside traditional natural philosophical frameworks, and need to be understood in that context. Both the courtly sciences and Bacon’s theory of scientia experimentalis focus on materials, sensory knowledge, and knowledge of particulars in pursuit of applied ends. Bacon drew inspiration from the courtly sciences in theorizing how natural knowledge could serve ruling power. By examining Bacon’s major works on scientia experimentalis and analyzing his reliance on examples from the history of Alexander the Great, this essay demonstrates the interrelation of political power and erudite knowledge, and how they intersected through the cultivation and application of experimentum and technology. Finally, Bacon’s interest in the utility of knowledge suggests that courtly settings in this period are significant locations for the development and applications of natural knowledge.
Scholars have usually understood the epigraphical evidence for an Athenian naval mission led by Diotimos as an example of the treaties in the framework of the Corinthian League and Athens’ role as ...guarantor of security on the seas. Nevertheless, a close look at the main characters involved in the inscription and the mission of Diotimos, as well as to the historical context and the rise of the Macedonian hegemony, seems to allow a new interpretation of the evidence, in order to shed some light on the nature of Diotimos’ mission.
What has Alexander the Great to do with Jesus Christ? Or the legendary king's conquest of the Persian Empire (335-23 BCE) to do with the prophecies of the Old Testament? In many ways, the early ...Christian writings on Alexander and his legacy provide a lens through which it is possible to view the shaping of the literature and thought of the early church in the Greek East and the Latin West. This book articulates that fascinating discourse for the first time by focusing on the early Christian use of Alexander. Delving into an impressively deep pool of patristic literature written between 130-313 CE, Christian Thrue Djurslev offers original interpretations of various important authors, from the learned lawyer Tertullian to the 'Christian Cicero' Lactantius, and from the apologist Tatian to the first church historian Eusebius. He demonstrates that the early Christian adaptations of the Alexandrian myths created a new tradition that has continued to develop and expand ever since. This innovative work of reception studies is important reading for all scholars of Alexander the Great and early church history.
La imitatio Alexandri que arrancó aun en vida del rey de Macedonia y que alcanzó un enorme éxito en el Imperio Romano a través de los relatos escritos y los retratos de Alejandro, derivó a finales ...de la Edad Media y a lo largo de la Edad Moderna en una fabricación visual de gran trascendencia a través de la representación de sus gestas en cientos de miniaturas, tapices, pinturas y estampas que, como en la Antigüedad, proyectó un modelo de gobernante a emular. Los temas más habituales recrearon episodios bélicos y heroicos de su campaña asiática, caracterizados por su ejemplaridad. Menos frecuentes fueron las representaciones de escenas cortesanas, quizá porque es en las actividades palatinas donde encontramos al Alejandro más controvertido. En este texto analizo la presentación de algunos de estos instantes más polémicos de su vida en el arte de los siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII.
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