What became of towns following the official end of ‘Roman Britain’ at the beginning of the 5th century AD? Did towns fail? Were these ruinous sites really neglected by early Anglo-Saxon settlers and ...leaders? Developed new archaeologies are starting to offer alternative pictures to the traditional images of urban decay and loss revealing diverse modes of material expression, of usage of space, and of structural change. The focus of this book is to draw together still scattered data to chart and interpret the changing nature of life in towns from the late Roman period through to the mid-Anglo-Saxon period. The research centres on towns that have received sufficient archaeological intervention so that meaningful patterns can be traced. The case studies are arranged into three regional areas: the South-East, South-West, and Midlands. Individually each town contains varying levels of archaeological data, but analysed together these illustrate more clearly patterns of evolution. Much of the data exists as accessible but largely unpublished reports, or isolated within regional discussions. Detailed analysis, review and comparisons generate significant scope for modelling ‘urban’ change in England from AD 300-600. ‘Towns in the Dark’ dispels the simplistic myth of outright urban decline and failure after Rome, and demonstrates that life in towns often did continue with variable degrees of continuity and discontinuity.
The nineteenth century was a period of science and imagery: when
scientific theories and discoveries challenged longstanding
boundaries between animal, plant, and human, and when art and
visual ...culture produced new notions about the place of the human in
the natural world. Just as scientists relied on graphic
representation to conceptualize their ideas, artists moved
seamlessly between scientific debate and creative expression to
support or contradict popular scientific theories-such as Darwin's
theory of evolution and sexual selection-deliberately drawing on
concepts in ways that allowed them to refute popular claims or
disrupt conventional knowledges. Focusing on the close kinship
between the arts and sciences during the Victorian period, the art
historians contributing to this volume reveal the unique ways in
which nineteenth-century British and American visual culture
participated in making science, and in which science informed art
at a crucial moment in the history of the development of the modern
world. Together, they explore topics in geology, meteorology,
medicine, anatomy, evolution, and zoology, as well as a range of
media from photography to oil painting. They remind us that science
and art are not tightly compartmentalized, separate influences.
Rather, these are fields that share forms, manifest as waves,
layers, lines, or geometries; that invest in the idea of the
evolution of form; and that generate surprisingly kindred
responses, such as pain, pleasure, empathy, and sympathy.
Tri gibanja, ki so opisana v tem članku, izhajajo iz angleško-škotskega, francoskega in slovenskega narodnostnega ozadja. Angleži so bili pri obravnavanju idej protestantizma zelo dosledni. Zelo ...zavzeti so bili tudi pri ohranjanju kontinuitete s starim ekleziastičnim redom. Posledica tega je bila, da je poimenovanje »protestantski« za kar nekaj časa ostalo v ozadju. To pa je hkrati pomenilo tudi začetek nekega drugega gibanja, imenovanega evangelijsko gibanje, kar pomeni »zanimati se za evangelij«, ki se je dokončno izoblikovalo šele v 19. stoletju. Ta zakasnitev je bila povezana predvsem z razvojem ideje svobodne cerkve v svobodni državi, ki so jo izkušali tako katoličani kot tudi protestantje. V vmesnem času pa je nastal dovolj dolg časovni presledek, tako da so Angleži premogli dovolj civilne in politične modrosti – in nastala je nova ekleziastična stvarnost anglikanske cerkve. Francozi so odločno zarezali na področje odnosa med sekularnostjo in ekleziastičnostjo. Slovensko gibanje pa je, kot navidezno nepomembno, ubralo povsem svojo ekleziastično smer. Za Slovence je bilo uradno izbrano poimenovanje svojega naroda tisto, ki je prineslo dovolj začetne moči, da so se lahko kasneje, v 20. stoletju, tudi politično osamosvojili. Če na koncu pod to obdobje potegnemo črto, lahko ugotovimo, da je reformacijsko gibanje srednjega veka v Evropo prineslo veliko mero raznolikosti.
This volume combines a comprehensive exploration of all vessel glass from middle and late Anglo-Saxon England and a review of the early glass with detailed interpretation of its meaning and place in ...Anglo-Saxon society. Analysis of a comprehensive dataset of all known Anglo-Saxon vessel glass of middle Anglo-Saxon date as a group has enabled the first quantification of form, colour, and decoration, and provided the structure for a new typological, chronological and geographical framework. The quantification and comparison of the vessel glass fragments and their attributes, and the mapping of the national distribution of these characteristics (forms, colours and decoration types), both represent significant developments and create rich opportunities for the future. The geographical scope is dictated by the glass fragments, which are from settlements located along the coast from Northumbria to Kent and along the south coast to Southampton. Seven case studies of intra-site glass distribution reveal that the anticipated pattern of peripheral disposal alongside dining waste is widespread, although exceptions exist at the monastic sites at Lyminge, Kent, and Jarrow, Tyne and Wear. Overall, the research themes addressed are the glass corpus and its typology; glass vessels in Anglo-Saxon society; and glass vessels as an economic indicator of trade and exchange. Analysis reveals new understandings of both the glass itself and the role of glass vessels in the social and economic mechanisms of early medieval England. There is currently no comprehensive work examining early medieval vessel glass, particularly the post sixth-century fragmentary material from settlements, and my monograph will fill that gap. The space is particularly noticeable when considering books on archaeological glass from England: the early medieval period is the only one with no reference volume; no recent, through and accessible source of information. The British Museum published a monograph entitled ‘Catalogue of Anglo-Saxon Glass in the British Museum’ in 2008, but as the title suggests it is a catalogue at heart, and of a collection of fifth and sixth century grave goods in a single museum. Chronologically, a volume on the subject would fill the space between various books on Roman glass from Britain and ‘Medieval glass vessels found in England c. AD 1200-1500’ by Rachel Tyson. This book on early medieval vessel glass and the contexts from which it came will also make a significant contribution to early medieval settlement studies and the archaeology of trade in this period: both are growth areas of scholarship and interest and vessel glass provides a new tool to address key debates in the field.
Available Open Access under CC-BY-NC licence. Barriers to participation in the court system is a recurring and important problem within the criminal justice system. This significant study reveals how ...participation is supported in the courts and tribunals of England and Wales. Including reflections on changes to the justice system as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, it also details the socio-structural, environmental, procedural, cultural and personal factors which constrain participation.
This is the first collection of essays since George Sherburn’s landmark monograph The Early Career of Alexander Pope (1934) to reconsider how the most important and influential poet of ...eighteenth-century Britain fashioned his early career. The volume covers Pope’s writings from across the reign of Queen Anne and just beyond. It focuses, in particular, on his interaction with the courtly culture constellated round the Queen. It examines, for instance, his representations of Queen Anne herself, his portrayals of politics and patronage under her reign, his negotiations with current literary theory, with the classical tradition, with chronologically distant yet also contemporaneous English poets, with current thought on the passions and with membership of a religious minority. In doing so, it comprehensively reconsiders anew the ways in which Pope, increasingly supportive of Anne’s rule and mindful of the Virgilian rota, sought at first to realise his authorial aspirations.
Often viewed as theologically conservative, many theatrical works of late medieval and early Tudor England nevertheless exploited the performative nature of drama to flirt with unsanctioned ...expressions of desire, allowing queer identities and themes to emerge. Early plays faced vexing challenges in depicting sexuality, but modes of queerness, including queer scopophilia, queer dialogue, queer characters, and queer performances, fractured prevailing restraints. Many of these plays were produced within male homosocial environments, and thus homosociality served as a narrative precondition of their storylines.
Building from these foundations, On the Queerness of Early English Drama investigates occluded depictions of sexuality in late medieval and early Tudor dramas. Tison Pugh explores a range of topics, including the unstable genders of the York Corpus Christi Plays, the morally instructive humour of excremental allegory in Mankind , the confused relationship of sodomy and chastity in John Bale’s historical interludes, and the camp artifice and queer carnival of Sir David Lyndsay’s Ane Satyre of the Thrie Estaitis . Pugh concludes with Terrence McNally’s Corpus Christi , pondering the afterlife of medieval drama and its continued utility in probing cultural constructions of gender and sexuality
A new perspective on a book that transformed Victorian
illustration into a stand-alone art.
Edward Moxon's 1857 edition of Alfred, Lord Tennyson's
Poems dramatically redefined the relationship ...between
images and words in print. Cooke's study, the first book to address
the subject in over 120 years, presents a sweeping analysis of the
illustrators and the complex and challenging ways in which they
interpreted Tennyson's poetry. This book considers the volume's
historical context, examining in detail the roles of publisher,
engravers, and binding designer, as well as the material
difficulties of printing its fine illustrations, which recreate the
effects of painting. Arranged thematically and reproducing all the
original images, the chapters present a detailed reappraisal of the
original volume and the distinctive culture that produced it.
This book offers a new assessment of early Christianity in south-west Britain from the fourth to the tenth centuries, a rich period which includes the transition from Roman to native British to Saxon ...models of church. The book will be based on evidence from archaeological excavations, early texts and recent critical scholarship and cover Wessex, Devon and Cornwall. In the south-west, Wessex provides the greatest evidence of Roman Christianity. The fifth-century Dorset villas of Frampton and Hinton St Mary, with their complex baptistery mosaics, indicate the presence of sophisticated Christian house churches. The fact that these two Roman villas are only 15 miles apart suggests a network of small Christian communities in this region. The author uses evidence from St Patrick’s fifth-century ‘Confessions’ to describe how members of a villa house church lived. Wessex was slowly Christianised: in Gloucestershire, the pagan healing sanctuary at Chedworth provides evidence of later use as a Christian baptistery; at Bradford on Avon in Wiltshire, a baptistery was dug into the mosaic floor of an imposing villa, which may by then have been owned by a bishop. In Somerset a number of recently excavated sites demonstrate the transition from a pagan temple to a Christian church. Beside the pagan temple at Lamyatt, later female burials suggest, unusually, a small monastic group of women. Wells cathedral grew beside the site of a Roman villa’s funeral chapel. In Street, a large oval enclosure indicates the probable site of a ‘Celtic’ monastery. Early Christian cemeteries have been excavated at Shepton Mallet and elsewhere. Lundy Island, off the Devon coast, provides evidence of a Celtic monastery, with its inscribed stones that commemorate early monks. At Exeter, a Saxon anthology includes numerous riddles, one of which describes in detail the production of an illuminated manuscript in a south-western monastery. Oliver Padel’s meticulous documentation of Cornish place-names has demonstrated that, of all the Celtic regions, Cornwall has by far the highest number of dedications to a single, otherwise unknown individual, typically consisting of a small church and a farm by the sea. These small monastic ‘cells’ have hitherto received little attention as a model of church in early British Christianity, and the latter part of the text focuses on various aspects of this model, as lived out in coastal and in upland settlements, on islands, and in relation to larger Breton monasteries. Study of 60 Breton sites has demonstrated possible connections between larger Breton monasteries and smaller Cornish cells.
A barrister becomes a detective when his friend disappears at an English manor in this classic Victorian novel. Beautiful Lucy Graham charms every man she meets, including wealthy widower Sir Michael ...Audley. After they marry, he refurbishes his mansion to create a little palace for his new wife, where her future seems bright. Her past, however, is shrouded in darkness, and she'll do whatever it takes to keep it hidden. Then Sir Michael's nephew, Robert, a London barrister, comes for a visit with his good friend George Talboys for a week of fishing. But when George mysteriously vanishes, there's no time to relax. Increasingly suspicious of his new aunt, Robert searches for clues, determined to find his friend and discover exactly who Lady Audley really is. One of the most popular examples of the "sensation novel" craze that swept England during the nineteenth century, Lady Audley's Secret is said to reflect themes from a real-life crime of the era, the notorious Constance Kent case.
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