Pravnik i publicist dr. Josip Ljubić (Veli Lošinj, 1869. – Beograd, 1931.) u hrvatskoj je povijesti najdublji trag ostavio kao pisac političkih brošura i osvrta u kojima je obrađivao problematiku ...hrvatsko-srpskih odnosa i tražio recept za integraciju južnoslavenskih naroda („plemena“) u jedinstvenu naciju, a komentirao je i aktualne političke prilike, nastojeći na njih aktivno utjecati. Djelujući publicistički više od četiri desetljeća, svoju je ideologiju u više navrata modificirao, prilagođavajući je tekućim zbivanjima. Za Austro-Ugarske se sredinom 1890-ih javio idejom balkanizma, propagirajući „plemensku“ ravnopravnost Slovenaca, Hrvata, Srba i Bugara kao podlogu za njihovo „kulturno“ stapanje u jednu, balkansku naciju. Ovu je koncepciju oko 1900., nakon što je zaposlen u pravosudnom aparatu u Dalmaciji, učinio manje subverzivnom, isključivši iz nje bugarski čimbenik i pomaknuvši se na trijalističku, austro-jugoslavensku poziciju, počevši zagovarati uspostavu „Habsburške Jugoslavije“ u okviru Monarhije i kontinuirano izražavati lojalnost vladajućoj dinastiji. Neposredno uoči i tijekom Prvoga svjetskoga rata i dalje se zauzimao za narodno i političko ujedinjenje Slovenaca, Hrvata i Srba u okviru habsburškoga imperija, sada uz opasku da se taj proces treba odvijati pod „duhovnim“ vodstvom Hrvata kao državotvornoga plemena, ujedno najodanijega jugoslavenskoj ideji. Nova prilagodba Ljubićeve jugoslavenske koncepcije uslijedila je nakon sloma Austro-Ugarske, kada u svoju ideologiju postupno unosi sve više i više (veliko)srpstva. Prigrlivši jugoslavensku monarhiju, ponukan jačanjem „plemenskih“ partikularizama, a napose hrvatskoga separatizma, počeo je promovirati integralno jugoslavenstvo, no sada ističući da se proces izgradnje zajedničke nacije treba odvijati oko Srba kao stožernoga, najjačega južnoslavenskoga i ujedno najdrevnijega slavenskoga plemena (teza da su svi Slaveni potekli od Srba). Stoga nesrpski elementi u projektu stapanja u jedinstvenu naciju moraju „duhovno“ postati Srbi, tj. prilagoditi se, zapravo podrediti „geniju srpske rase“. S tim u vezi ne začuđuje da se Ljubić, koji se u Austro-Ugarskoj deklarirao simpatizerom moderniziranoga narodnjaštva, u posljednjih nekoliko godina života pozicionirao kao radikalski pristaša i kritičar Hrvatske seljačke stranke te je bio braniteljem Puniše Račića u sudskom procesu zbog atentata u Narodnoj skupštini. Premda se Ljubićeva nacionalno-politička promišljanja s punim pravom može označiti nedosljednima, proturječnima, konfuznima, kaotičnima, na koncu i promašenima, dapače, čistim zabludama, ona su ipak izazivala zamjetnu pozornost hrvatske javnosti te su na njegove napise i istupe reagirali neki od dionika tadašnjega hrvatskoga društvenoga, političkoga i kulturnoga života koje danas nerijetko prepoznajemo kao velikane. Te su reakcije gotovo odreda bile negativne, a Ljubićevi pokušaji utjecanja na nacionalno-integracijske i nacionalno-diferencijacijske procese unutar i između hrvatskoga i srpskoga „plemenskoga“ bloka pokazali su se jalovima. Označiti Josipa Ljubića ključnom figurom hrvatske povijesti njegova vremena bilo bi nedvojbeno vrlo pretjerano. No, kolikogod (ne)važan bio, nesumnjivo je riječ o zanimljivu pojedincu u čijem se javnom djelovanju ogleda sva složenost, pa i sva jednostavnost međunacionalnih odnosa unutar austro-ugarske i jugoslavenske monarhije, a i ondašnjih političkih, društvenih, kulturnih i drugih prilika i mijena.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- This article argues that the Balkans formed one of the major sources of alterity for the West in the decade following the end of the ...Cold War. Taking the place of the erstwhile communist Other, the region was constructed in journalism, political statement and travel writing as a zone of backwardness, barbarism and violence which threatened to engulf the civilized and democratic West. Using travel writing as a source material, this article argues more specifically that the ideological scepticism and aesthetic conventions of postmodernism have been an important influence on contemporary balkanism, as they have been on the representation of other non-western locations. Although the role of the Balkans has now been superseded by Al-Qaida and the 'international terror network', the post-1989 representational styles continue to have devastating political and economic effects in the region. author's abstract- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Lexical Balkanisms most often keep the form of the language from which they derive and the close semantic meaning they carry. Culinary Balkanisms (predominantly Turkisms) in the dialects of the ...Bulgarian language share the fate of lexical Balkanisms in general – their usage is restricted or they are replaced by native equivalents.
This paper presents the results of a short contrastive analysis of functional inflection in the contemporary Romanian and Albanian. Its aim is to determine convergences between these two languages on ...a highly general level. Nine morphological categories (number, person, gender, case, determination, voice, aspect, mode and tense) with all their main values are described here in each variable lexical class of both the Romanian and the Albanian language. Such a treatment of two corresponding lingusitic subsystems clearly demonstrates that differences overcome similarities, and supposed balkanisms are dubious on this level.
This paper aims to investigate the origin, development, and usage of the postpositional articles in Istro-Romanian, one of the Romanian historical dialects, a likewise dislocated member of the Balkan ...sprachbund. First, based on the available literature, the evolution of the postpositional articles in the Romance languages will be demonstrated, followed by the evolution of the articles in Romanian and Istro-Romanian, and the languages of the Balkan sprachbund. Afterwards will follow a corpus-based analysis of the similarities and dissimilarities regarding the usage of the postpositional articles in Romanian and Istro-Romanian. It will be based on the parallel texts in Romanian and Istro-Romanian from the Densusianu’s and Pușcariu’s collections. To distinguish as accurately as possible the stages of Istro-Romanian articles, Greenberg’s methodology will be used. That is, his cycle of the grammaticalization of the articles will be applied. It is expected that the analysis will show that despite many centuries of foreign influence, the usage of the postpositional articles in Istro-Romanian is congruent to the usage of the postpositional articles in Romanian and other languages of the Balkan sprachbund.
The Balkans occupies a special place in contact linguistics as one of the most important regions for understanding the mechanisms and results of language contact. Balkan Albanian, Balkan Greek, ...Balkan Romance, Balkan Romani, and Balkan Turkish offer cross‐ language similarities that have led to the recognition of a key construct for language contact studies – the “sprachbund” – that has come to be applied to geographically based convergence zones, including South Asia. While there are several convergent features – which may be called “Balkanisms” – there are actually dozens of features that link small clusters of languages and dialects in the Balkans. A key issue in the study of the Balkans is trying to determine what the causes are for the convergences. There are two general types of contact‐induced convergences to be recognized: those that occur on a widespread basis among the various languages and those that are highly local in nature.
This chapter contains sections titled:
The Languages and Their Convergent Character: Introducing the “Sprachbund”
The Convergent Features Themselves: Balkanisms
Causes of Convergence in the Balkans
...Assessing the Sprachbund: Localized versus Broadly Realized Convergence
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