In response to the sharp increase in geological disasters resulting from localized extreme rainfall events in Korea, a landslide early warning methodology is proposed. The method is based on ...sequential applications of the statistical and physically based hazard evaluation approaches and devised by combining the strengths of these two mutually complementary approaches. Following the decision algorithm for five phases of the warning level, the statistical evaluation was set to be applied first by using two different rainfall thresholds and one fixed geo-property (landslide susceptibility) threshold to determine a preliminary conservative warning level. To assess whether higher warning levels with higher certainties should be assigned, the physically based evaluation was set for application in the precondition of the preliminary warning stage. This was accomplished by using a rainfall threshold related to slope instability based on an advanced analysis using the physical modeling of landslide-triggering mechanisms. Consequently, a landslide early warning model based on the sequential evaluation approach was developed. The model ran through from transforming raw rainfall data to generating a series of geographic information system-based landslide early warning level maps. The spatially-discriminating capability and temporal applicability of the model on the distributed landslide events of 2009 were discussed by comparing the simulated results with landslide historical data while contemplating the adequacy of the durations and lead times of early warning levels. As a result, several advantages were identified for both spatial and temporal landslide early warning performances in the proposed methodology.
•A landslide early warning methodology is proposed and verified.•The decision algorithm sequentially applies statistical and physical thresholds.•The proposed methodology enhances the reliability and efficiency of early warnings.•The proposed methodology has several advantages for temporal and spatial performances.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The metropolitan cities of developed countries comprise more than 50% of the global population and consume over 60% of the world's energy. Many governments plan to enhance their energy infrastructure ...and the electricity supply–demand reliability of their energy sources. Among them, South Korea's government has developed electricity generation facilities, most of which use renewable resources such as photovoltaic and wind energy. This study determines the optimal renewable electricity generation configuration for one of the largest metropolitan cities in South Korea, Busan metropolitan city. A simulation using 2013 Busan electricity demand data produces this optimal configuration, which includes photovoltaic panels, wind facilities, converters, and batteries with $0.399 of COE (Cost of Electricity) and 100% of renewable fractions. Both the study's practical limitations and implications are discussed.
•Utilizing renewable energy resources is one of the main issues in the world.•Using the load data of Busan metropolitan city, the optimal renewable electricity generation system was presented.•The suggested system achieved $0.399 of COE and 100% of renewable fractions.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Busan Port is among the world’s top ten most air-polluted ports, but the role of the anchorage zone as a significant contributor to pollution has not been studied. To assess the emission ...characteristics of sub-micron aerosols, a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) was deployed in Busan, South Korea from September 10 to October 6, 2020. The concentration of all AMS-identified species and black carbon were highest when the winds came from the anchorage zone (11.9 µg·m−3) and lowest with winds from the open ocean (6.64 µg·m−3). The positive matrix factorization model identified one hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) and two oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) sources. HOAs were highest with winds from Busan Port, while oxidized OOAs were predominant with winds from the anchorage zone (less oxidized) and the open ocean (more oxidized). We calculated the emissions from the anchorage zone using ship activity data and compared them to the total emissions from Busan Port. Our results suggest that emissions from ship activities in the anchorage zone should be considered a significant source of pollution in the Busan Port area, especially given the substantial contributions of gaseous emissions (NOx: 8.78%; volatile organic compounds: 7.52%) and their oxidized moieties as secondary aerosols.
Display omitted
•Chemical characteristics of PM1 in Busan Port were monitored using HR-ToF-AMS.•The highest PM1 concentration was observed with winds from the anchorage zone.•PMF model identified three organic aerosol sources with dominance of oxygenated organic aerosols.•PM and gaseous emissions from the anchorage zone were calculated using ship activity data.•The emission from the anchorage zone was suggested as a significant pollution source in the port region.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We present a model of ground subsidence due to soil consolidation within coastal reclaimed land constructed in early 2001, in Busan, South Korea. We estimate 42 cm of maximum subsidence during the ...period of interferometric synthetic aperture radar observations, and a maximum of 1 m or more subsidence, since the end of the construction phase of the reclamation project. A hyperbolic model was used to relate the three independent time series and to estimate the nonlinear behavior of subsidence. The model estimates a maximum subsidence rate and acceleration of −5.7 cm/year and 1.1 cm/year2, respectively. The decomposition of vertical and east‐west horizontal motion using the Sentinel‐1 dataset indicates relatively weak partial horizontal displacement as well as substantial vertical deformation overall. The long‐term time series analysis indicates ongoing ground subsidence, although almost two decades have passed since the completion of reclamation.
Plain Language Summary
Ground subsidence is a process that may threaten human lives and property, and it often occurs owing to the compaction of alluvial sediments as a result of groundwater extraction or soil consolidation. In particular, coastal reclaimed land composed of soft materials such as sand or soil, rather than massive rock, is vulnerable to subsidence. We used three data sets comprising interferometric radar images from two satellites to monitor ground subsidence over time in Busan, South Korea, from 2007 to 2019. We noted not only vertical surface displacement in the overall area, which was expected, but also local displacement in the horizontal direction in specific areas. A hyperbolic model was used to estimate the vertical movement over time due to subsidence, instead of a constant subsidence model. The model results indicate ongoing ground subsidence in the study area, although almost 20 years have passed since the completion of reclamation.
Key Points
Ground subsidence on coastal reclaimed land was estimated from multitemporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series during 2007–2019 in Busan, South Korea
A hyperbolic model representing nonlinear surface displacements shows a maximum subsidence of approximately 42 cm over a decade
The model predicts that subsidence will continue for over 20 years from the completion of reclamation
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
부산지역의 소고춤 비교 분석 안귀연; An¸ Gwi-yeon; 추나영 ...
한국체육학회지,
01/2021, Volume:
60, Issue:
1
Journal Article
본 연구는 부산지역의 소고춤을 비교분석함으로써 소고춤의 가치에 대한 인식을 제고하고 전수교육의 이론적 기초 자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 소고춤 분석을 위해 무형문화재로 지정 받은 동래지신밟기, 부산농악, 부산 고분도리걸립 그리고 수영지신밟기를 대상으로 하였으며, 분석방법으로는 문헌고찰 및 미디어 영상자료 분석을 실시하였다. 연구범위로는 크게 ...2가지로 구성하였다. 먼저, 소고춤의 구성과 관련된 춤동작, 장단, 대형구성 등을 살펴보았으며, 두 번째로는 착용하는 의상과 소고 및 소품에 대해 살펴본 후 차이점을 비교분석하였다. 이에 따른 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 동래지신밟기, 부산농악, 부산 고분도리걸립, 수영지신밟기에 나타나는 각각의 소고춤은 주로 자진모리 장단을 사용하였으며, 춤의 기본동작 중 하나인 발림에 있어서 박자활용이 서로 상이하게 나타났고, 연풍대를 구사함에 있어서 채상모소고의 경우 자반뒤집기를 수행하기도 하였다. 둘째, 의상 및 도구의 특징으로는 삼색띠, 고깔, 행건, 조끼 등에서 차이를 나타내었는데, 부산농악과 부산 고분도리걸립, 수영지신밟기는 삼색띠를 매고, 행건을 착용하고 있으나, 동래지신밟기는 조끼를 입고 행건을 착용하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 고깔의 색깔에 있어서도 각각의 소고춤이 다른 색의 꽃이 달린 고깔을 착용하였으며, 수영지신밟기에서는 미투리보다 짚신을 착용하고 연행하는 것을 원칙으로 하여 보다 전통을 고수하고자 하는 것을 느낄 수 있었다.
The purpose of this study was to enhance perceptions of the value of Sogo Dance as an intangible cultural heritage and to provide preliminary data for the education of transmission training. Subject of this study were Sogo Dance of Dongnae Jisinbapgi, Busan Nongak, Busan Gobundori Gullip, and Suyeong Jisinbapgi. Research methods used literary review and video data analysis and with regard to dance movements and composition, the video data was mainly used and analyzed. Research scope and analysis standards were divided into two categories and the following results were deduced. First, Sogo Dance appearing in Dongnae Jisinbapgi, Busan Nongak, Busan Gobundori Gullip, and Suyeong Jisinbapgi reflected the characteristics of local culture well. Ballim and Yeonpungdae were commonly as basic movements and appeared in all Sogo Dance. With regard to Sogo dance mainly used the Jajinmori rhythm, and Sogo dance formations, using the rhythm of Balim were a little bit different among these Sogo dance. Second, there were differences in belts with three colors, cone hat, hengguns and vest. Sogo dancers wore belts with three colors in Busan Nongak, Busan Gobundori Gullip, and Suyeong Jisinbapgi. The colors of cone hat differed even within the same regions and straw shoes were worn rather than hemp shoes for the performances of Suyeong Jisinbapgi as a principal.
Pursuing a sustainable energy transition at the city level represents a significant strategic aspect in the worldwide movement toward climate change mitigation and carbon neutrality achievement, as ...global cities account for large proportions of global energy consumption and emission. The current study explores the direction of future energy production and energy systems projecting to 2050. Data were collected from experts in the energy industry and the policy of Busan Metropolitan City, and these data were analyzed via explanatory factor analysis. The results pointed to four factors of future energy production: renewable energies, fossil fuel, bioenergy, and ocean energy. Four factors of future energy systems were also identified: prioritization on mobility and building, the role of actors, interactions between energy producers and consumers, and small-scale production. In general, for future energy production and systems, the experts strongly supported low carbon-intensive energy and distributed generation, respectively. It is also important for the various actors, such as policymakers, producers, and consumers, to be integrated to achieve sustainability and carbon neutrality. An interesting result is that the political orientation of experts led to different preferences, particularly regarding nuclear energy.
•A case study of Busan is examined to learn the direction of city's energy transition.•Utilization of ocean energy was emphasized along with solar, wind and bioenergy.•Energy system on mobility and building/factory should be prioritized.•Role of actors (i.e., authority, business, producer, and consumer) is important.•Perception on nuclear is varied based on the political orientation.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Flooding can have catastrophic effects on human lives and livelihoods and thus comprehensive flood management is needed. Such management requires information on the hydrologic, geotechnical, ...environmental, social, and economic aspects of flooding. The number of flood events that took place in Busan, South Korea, in 2009 exceeded the normal situation for that city. Mapping the susceptible areas helps us to understand flood trends and can aid in appropriate planning and flood prevention. In this study, a combination of bivariate probability analysis and multivariate logistic regression was used to produce flood susceptibility maps of Busan City. The main aim of this research was to overcome the weakness of logistic regression regarding bivariate probability capabilities. A flood inventory map with a total of 160 flood locations was extracted from various sources. Then, the flood inventory was randomly split into a testing dataset 70 % for training the models and the remaining 30 %, which was used for validation. Independent variables datasets included the rainfall, digital elevation model, slope, curvature, geology, green farmland, rivers, slope, soil drainage, soil effect, soil texture, stream power index, timber age, timber density, timber diameter, and timber type. The impact of each independent variable on flooding was evaluated by analyzing each independent variable with the dependent flood layer. The validation dataset, which was not used for model generation, was used to evaluate the flood susceptibility map using the prediction rate method. The results of the accuracy assessment showed a success rate of 92.7 % and a prediction rate of 82.3 %.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The 2050 Clean Energy Master Plan, which entails a transition to clean energy by 2050, has been announced for Busan, South Korea. It includes target and market potential supply for solar and wind ...energy in 2050. As natural-gas-powered fuel cells are considered in the Master Plan, this study examined the extent to which natural gas can be replaced by hydrogen produced in Busan. EnergyPLAN was employed to simulate the balance between supply and demand considering the deployment of electric and hydrogen vehicles. Hydrogen for the fuel cells is postulated to be produced via electrolysis, employing possible surplus electricity and extracted from municipal solid waste. The results indicate that surplus electricity can be expected in both target and market potential supply scenarios under the target demand in 2050. The surplus electricity from target and market is 1.77 and 6.26 TWhe, respectively. With 0.68 TWh-H2 from waste, the total hydrogen production is 1.97 and 5.25 TWh-H2, accounting for 15.2% and 40.4% replacement, respectively. Regarding the target supply and BAU demand, the electricity balance is in deficit, necessitating electricity import from neighboring provinces. The CO2 emissions of the target supply and market potential supply are estimated to be 3.97 and 4.11 million tCO2.
•The potential of replacing natural gas with hydrogen in fuel cells was investigated.•Balance between supply and demand was simulated considering hydrogen vehicle use.•Hydrogen production using surplus electricity and municipal waste was simulated.•Surplus electricity can be expected in target and market potential supply scenarios.•Up to 16.8% CO2 reduction can be expected in the market potential supply scenario.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
세계화의 진전에 따라 도시는 더 이상 어느 국가의 민족적 경계 내의 장소만은 아니다.
이제 도시는 민족적, 지역적, 세계적 차원이 공존하는 장소가 되어가고 있다. 오늘날 전 세계인구의 반 이상이 대도시에 살고 있으며, 이들 도시는 국가를 초월해 세계 경제성장의 원동력이 되어가고 있다. 또한 이들 도시는 단순히 한 국가의 경계에 머무는 것이 아니라, 자신의 ...장소를 국제화하고 자국내뿐 아니라 전 세계에 있는 다른 도시들과 국제적 경쟁을 한다.
이에 전 세계 도시를 지표화해서 비교하고 도시간의 연결성을 살펴보는 작업의 필요성이 대두된다. 이러한 배경하에 본 연구에서는 도시의 국제화 정도를 평가하기 위한 계량 모형 이른바 ‘글로벌지수’를 구축하고자 한다. ‘글로벌지수’ 개발에 있어 본 연구는 우선 도시국제화비교를 위한 국제화 계수를 개발하고 계량모형을 구축하였다. 그리고 국가별-연도별 패널데이터를 활용하여 ‘글로벌지수’ 계량모형의 타당성을 검토하였다. 이러한 검토작업을 통해 표준화된 도시 국제화 비교를 위한 ‘부산글로벌지수’의 필요변수와 구성요인을 정리하였다. 요컨대 본 연구는 도시국제화 비교를 위한 국제화 계수를 개발하고 계량모형을 구축함으로써부산의 국제화 정도를 알기 위한 개략적인 방향을 제시함과 동시에 기타 도시들과 비교할 수있는 표준화된 모형을 시론적으로 제시한 것에 그 목적이 있다. With the advancement of globalization, cities are no longer just places within the ethnic boundaries of a country. Cities are now becoming places where national, regional, and global dimensions coexist. More than half of the world’s population lives in large cities, and these cities are transcending countries. They act as a driving force of global economic growth. Accordingly, the research first presents an econometric model to construct a global index. We conduct a series of empirical modeling to calculate the coefficients necessary for the model and build a global index with relative objectiveness. After building a global index with series of quantitative modelling, we conduct a country- and year-level comparison among countries. Lastly we suggest future plans and necessary variables for creating a global index by city particularly for Busan. We suggest some necessary and significant variables that could be extracted both from the existing database and from series of survey. The main purpose of the research is to present a rough direction of constructing Busan global index which is significant for international comparison among cities. The research aims to give fundamental insights to the significance of constructing city-level global index, and furthermore, basic idea of constructing the index using necessary variables. Our research contributes to the past and current literature reltaed to the global index by presenting a robust index from series of empirical modeling and coefficients which could be adopted as a global index to compare global cities. KCI Citation Count: 0
We examined the concentrations of 12 trace metals in road-deposited sediments (RDS) and their contributions to the pollution of harbor/marine sediments in the port city of Busan, South Korea. The ...concentrations of Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn, Sb, and Pb in RDS affected by industrial and traffic activities were 6.7–25.7 times higher than those in marine sediments. The enrichment factors indicate that RDS are extremely polluted with Sb and moderately to strongly polluted with Cr, Cu, As, Sn, Pb, Zn, and Cd. The mean modified pollution index distinguished between unpolluted marine sediments, moderately to heavily polluted harbor sediments, and severely polluted RDS. Furthermore, harbor/marine sediments close to shipyards and the mouths of streams and rivers were found to be moderately polluted with Cu, Zn, Cd, Sb, and Pb. RDS containing trace metals accumulate on impervious surfaces and flow into the marine environment via untreated stormwater runoff.
Display omitted
•Trace metals in marine sediments and road-deposited sediments (RDS) were studied.•Metal pollution assessment was conducted in major port city (Busan) of South Korea.•For RDS, enrichment factor (EF) results showed extremely polluted level with Sb.•Urban runoff of RDS may be a potential pollution source for marine environments.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
PDF
