We measured the monthly egg production rate (EPR) of Paracalanus parvus s. l. (P. parvus) at a fixed station in Busan Harbor from January 2020 to December 2021 to elucidate the seasonal variation in ...the EPR and the factors involved. Over the 2 years, the monthly EPR ranged from 0.5 to 47.0 eggs female−1 d−1 (average 13.3 eggs female−1 d−1). The seasonal mean EPR was high in spring (April to June) and summer (July to September) and low in autumn (October to December) in both years. Egg hatching success was high (average 94%). Monthly nauplii production in the P. parvus population ranged from 9 to 37,123 ind. m−3 d−1 (average 4605 ind. m−3 d−1), with a peak in March and May in 2020 and in April in 2021. The monthly EPR of P. parvus was more dependent on chlorophyll-a concentration than on water temperature. Nauplii production was dependent on the abundance of adult females, while the chlorophyll-a concentration had a positive effect on nauplii production. In this study, while there was no clear seasonal variation in the abundance of adult females, the EPR showed a clear pattern of seasonal variation. These results imply that for monitoring potential environmental changes in Busan Harbor, measuring the EPR of copepods may be a better indicator than copepod abundance.
Emissions of ozone precursors (NO
x
and VOCs) and photochemical ozone creation potentials (POCPs) of VOC emission sources were investigated in the largest port city (i.e., Busan), Korea during the ...year 2011. This analysis was performed using the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) national emission inventory provided by the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Korea. For NO
x
, the emissions from off-road mobile sources in Busan were the most dominant (e.g., 31,202 ton yr
−1
), accounting for about 60% of the total NO
x
emissions. The emission from shipping of off-road mobile sources (e.g., 24,922 ton yr
−1
) was a major contributor to their total emissions, amounting to 47% of the total NO
x
emissions due to the port-related activities in Busan. For VOCs, the emission source category of solvent usage was predominant (e.g., 36,062 ton yr
−1
), accounting for approximately 82% of the total VOC emissions. Out of solvent usages, the emission from painting was the most dominant (22,733 ton yr
−1
), comprising 52% of the total emissions from solvent usages. The most dominant VOC species emitted from their sources in Busan was toluene, followed by xylene, butane, ethylbenzene, n-butanol, isopropyl alcohol, and propane. The major emission sources of toluene and xylene were found to be painting of coil coating and ship building, respectively. The value of POCP for the off-road mobile source (61) was the highest in ten major activity sectors of VOC emissions. Since the POCP value of ship transport of off-road mobile source (72) was also high enough to affect ozone concentration, the ship emission can play a significant role in ozone production of the port city like Busan.
The international film festival, which seems to have landed in South Korea by accident in the mid‑1990s, is a historical product. Technically, film festivals in South Korea were a hybrid and ...indigenous cultural movement that appeared at the crossroads of the Korean democratic movement in the 1980s and the global situation in the post-cold war era in the 1990s. From the 1980s film movement to the establishment of the art house cinema in the 1990s and the Busan International Film Festival in 1996, these developments did not emerge as parallel events, but rather as a culmination of epic tensions. The main purpose of this article is to expand on previous discussions that have never shown much interest in how the international film festival combines global and local aspects. The film movement created by Korean films and the international film festivals of the 1980s and 1990s symbolised the journey to social resonance aimed at communicating with the audience about new Korean films by highlighting ‘agonistics’ and ‘resonance’ between Korean and ‘other’ films.
Shallow slope failures occur almost every year during the rainy season. Continuous observation of the meteorological parameters and hydrological characteristics is required to more clearly understand ...the triggering mechanisms of shallow slope failure. In addition, influential factors, such as type of relative permeability models, air flow, and variation of hydraulic conductivity associated with stress–strain behavior of soil, have significant effects on the actual mechanism of rainfall infiltration. Real-time data including hourly rainfall and pore water pressure in response to rainfall was recorded by devices; then, the change in pore pressure from the devices was compared to the results from the infiltration analysis with applications of three relative permeability models, air flow, and the coupled hydro-mechanical analysis to examine an appropriate site-specific approach to a rainfall infiltration analysis. The infiltration and stability analyses based on the site-specific hydrologic characteristics were utilized to create maps of safety factors that depend on the cumulative rainfall. In regions vulnerable to landslides, rainfall forecast information and safety factor maps built by applying various rainfall scenarios can be useful in preparing countermeasures against disasters during the rainy season.
Emerging economies emphasise horizontality and mutual opportunity in their relationship with developing countries, promising an alternative to the failings of traditional North‐South co‐operation. ...This article draws on research on Brazil's technical co‐operation and its health dimension to compare the Brazilian model with established aid‐effectiveness' principles and to discuss the appropriateness of the latter as standards against which to appraise emerging donors' co‐operation. The analysis shows that, despite progress towards greater dialogue between traditional and emerging donors, the ‘aid‐effectiveness’ framework still falls short of capturing the idiosyncrasies of South‐South co‐operation and therefore offers an incomplete international standard on how best to conduct development co‐operation.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
With the growth of internet technology, customers are sharing up their experiences. Hence, these types of customer experiences are spreading rapidly as a source of online reviews. For this reason, ...online reviews have become a critical source of information that influences customers’ purchase intentions and behavior. Thus, businesses should monitor online reviews to understand the customer experience and increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. This study attempts to identify essential characteristics for positive online reviews of wine bars and examine the structural relationships of these attributes. To accomplish this purpose, a total of 1,337 online reviews were collected from Google Travel and analyzed. The frequency analysis was performed using text mining to determine the most frequently referred to attributes, and the semantic network analysis, factor analysis, and regression analysis were conducted to understand customer experience and satisfaction of wine bars located in Busan, South Korea. The results show that the top 50 keywords identified from the online reviews were categorized as four groups—‘Atmosphere’, ‘Service’, ‘Date and Location’, and ‘Menu’. The results of the factor analysis reduced the original dimension of 48 keywords to 16 keywords and classified them into six factors, namely, ‘Service’, ‘Staff’, ‘Menu’, ‘Environment’, ‘Recommendation’ and ‘Atmosphere’. Based on these results, implications for sustainable wine bar marketing strategies were suggested.
Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) are one of the world's most invasive species and were first reported in South Korea, near Busan Port in 2019. The distribution of their initial spread was ...investigated here from April to July 2020. In the invasion area, numerous nests and individuals were identified, indicating that they had settled and successfully invaded the habitat. To track the invasion of the Argentine ants we conducted haplotype analysis using COI, COII, and Cytb sequences of their mitochondrial DNA. The invasive ants had the same mitochondrial haplotype (H3) as Argentine ants from America (Chile, Ecuador, Bermuda) and East Asia (Japan). When comparing the import trade volumes at Busan port with the Argentine ant haplotypes from other countries, it was determined that the invasive ants may have originated from the United States or Japan. Numerous ecological and economic impacts due to their invasion and spread in other countries has previously been reported. Therefore, prompt control measures for the Argentine ants found at Busan port, at this relatively early stage of settlement, is required.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Microgranular Enclave (ME) is a common feature in granitic intrusive rocks. However, the zoned ME that developed in the outcrop of Cretaceous granite in the Taejongdae Geopark, Busan, represents an ...interesting phenomenon in formation of zoned MEs, providing useful petrogenetic information on the formation of enclaves. In this study, we define the zoned ME as an enclave composed of several contrasting orbicular rock zones. Due to the importance of the enclaves in the evolution of igneous rocks, this study aims to understand the formation mechanism of the zoned MEs, including the reasons for their diversity in the study area. The investigated MEs in the study area, have trachi-andesitic to dioritic composition, mainly composed of amphibole, plagioclase and quartz with minor orthoclase and opaque minerals. To achieve the above objectives, the relationship between the MEs and the host granite and the difference between zones were investigated based on petrological and geochemical studies. The MEs can be classified into two main types: Simple-type, composed of a single rock type, has an angular shape and sharp or sometimes crenulated contact with the host granite, and Zoned-type, composed of several zones, has a circular to elliptical shape and shows two different cooling processes. The mineral composition of the simple MEs shows some similarity with the zones of the zoned MEs. These results imply that the zoned MEs are formed by two different phases of mixing and mingling in two different magma chambers, firstly in a deep dioritic magma chamber (~7.1–7.7 km) and then in a shallower depth granitic magma chamber (~1.7–2.4 km). In the other hand, the simple MEs mainly represent xenoliths, but also possibly resulted from disruption of early formed zoned MEs before they solidified. This study is, therefore, could be useful in the understanding of the possible mechanisms for the formation of MEs and the magmatic evolution in this area.
•Our study area includes two main types of enclaves; zoned and simple types.•The zoned MEs are formed in two different magma chambers.•Some of the simple MEs may generated from the disruption of early formed zoned MEs.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This study examined the ability of crude extracts of Canavalia ensiformis to catalyze the precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in columns packed with heavy metal contaminated mine waste ...collected from an abandoned mine site, and examined the effect of CaCO3 precipitates on the leaching of heavy metals out of such waste. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were employed to confirm CaCO3 precipitation and to characterize the morphology of the resulting material. Urease in the C. ensiformis crude extracts catalyzed the hydrolysis of urea, leading to the formation of CaCO3 precipitates that formed bridges between the particles in the mine waste. In column experiments, the amounts of the heavy metals As, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cr, and Cu in leachates from the mine waste were reduced by 31.7%, 65.7%, 52.3%, 53.8%, 55.2%, and 49.0%, respectively, when the waste was treated with C. ensiformis crude extract. This reduction can be attributed to immobilization of heavy metals within the mine waste as a result of CaCO3 precipitation. Comparison of the microbial communities in mine waste columns that were untreated or incubated for 2weeks with C. ensiformis crude extract and purified urease, using PCR-DGGE of 16S rDNA, showed that a greater diversity of microorganisms was present in the columns treated with C. ensiformis crude extract and purified urease. These findings suggest that crude extracts of C. ensiformis may be used to stabilize and immobilize heavy metals in contaminated mine waste to prevent further dispersion to the surrounding environment.
•Canavalia ensiformis extract was used to produce CaCO3 in mine wastes.•The extract catalyzed urea hydrolysis and decreased metal amounts in leachates.•Microbial populations were considerably increased after biocatalyst treatment.•Canavalia ensiformis extracts may assist in the stabilization of heavy metals.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Wang, J.; Jiang, X., and Shan, C., 2019. International reference for efficiency of Shanghai transportation service trade in the construction of a free trade port. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. ...(eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 26–29. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. From the new perspective of service trade efficiency, this paper makes a horizontal comparison in efficiency evaluation among Shanghai Port, Singapore Port, and Busan Port to achieve the strategic goal of the free trade port. For this, the Interactive Linear and General Optimization Solver (LINGO) was applied to specific data processing. The innovations of this study are the use of the evaluation scores in the World Economic Forum for the efficiency of transportation service, quantification of the original nonquantitative evaluation items, and the optimized selection of the calculation mode by LINGO, which ensures the comparability of the results. The results show that Singapore Port's pure technical efficiency (PTE) and scale efficiency (SE) are the highest, and the data envelopment analysis (DEA) evaluation is efficient. In recent years, Shanghai Port's PTE is little higher and the SE declines, and the DEA evaluation has not been efficient. The input indicators are redundant but still improving year by year.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
