Die Buchreihe des Instituts für Europäische Kulturgeschichte in Augsburg versammelt Beiträge zur Kulturgeschichte der europäischen Vormoderne, ihrer antiken und mittelalterlichen Voraussetzungen ...sowie ihrer in die Moderne hineinreichenden Aus- und Nachwirkungen. Neben Themen wie Information, Wissen, Medien- und Kommunikation sowie historische Netzwerkforschung geht es um Fragen der europäischen Erinnerungskulturen und kollektive Identitäten.
This study presents the diet composition of western Baltic cod Gadus morhua based on 3150 stomachs sampled year‐round between 2016 and 2017 using angling, gillnetting and bottom trawling, which ...enhanced the spatio‐temporal coverage of cod habitats. Cod diet composition in shallow areas (<20 m depth) was dominated by benthic invertebrate species, mainly the common shore crab Carcinus maneas. Compared to historic diet data from the 1960s and 1980s (limited to depth >20 m), the contribution of herring Clupea harengus decreased and round goby Neogobius melanostomus occurred as a new prey species. Statistical modelling revealed significant relationships between diet composition, catch depth, fish length and season. Generalized additive modelling identified a negative relationship between catch depth and stomach content weight, suggesting reduced food intake in winter when cod use deeper areas for spawning and during peak summer when cod tend to avoid high water temperatures. The results of this study highlight the importance of shallow coastal areas as major feeding habitats of adult cod in the western Baltic Sea, which were previously unknown because samples were restricted to deeper trawlable areas. The results strongly suggest that historic stomach analyses overestimated the role of forage fish and underestimated the role of invertebrate prey. Eventually, this study shows the importance of a comprehensive habitat coverage for unbiased stomach sampling programmes to provide a more reliable estimation of top predator diet, a key information for food web analyses and multispecies models.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
To anticipate the response of fish populations to climate change, we developed a framework that integrates requirements in all life stages to assess impacts across the entire life cycle. The ...framework was applied on plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the North Sea, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Norwegian/Barents Seas and European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay. In each case study, we reviewed habitats required by each life stage, habitat availability, and connectivity between habitats. We then explored how these could be altered by climate change. We documented environmental processes impacting habitat availability and connectivity, providing an integrated view at the population level and in a spatial context of potential climate impacts. A key result was that climate‐driven changes in larval dispersion seem to be the major unknown. Our summary suggested that species with specific habitat requirements for spawning (herring) or nursery grounds (plaice) display bottlenecks in their life cycle. Among the species examined, anchovy could cope best with environmental variability. Plaice was considered to be least resilient to climate‐driven changes due to its strict connectivity between spawning and nursery grounds. For plaice in the North Sea, habitat availability was expected to reduce with climate change. For North Sea herring, Norwegian cod and Biscay anchovy, climate‐driven changes were expected to have contrasting impacts depending on the life stage. Our review highlights the need to integrate physiological and behavioural processes across the life cycle to project the response of specific populations to climate change.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In just over a century Cape Cod was transformed from barren agricultural wasteland to bountiful fishery to pastoral postcard wilderness suitable for the tourist trade. This complex social, ...ecological, and scientific transformation fundamentally altered how Cape Codders used and managed their local marine resources, and determined how they eventually lost them. The Cape Cod story takes the usual land-use progression-from pristine wilderness to exploitation of resources to barren wasteland-and turns it on its head. Clearing the Coastline shows how fishermen abandoned colonial traditions of small-scale fisheries management, and how ecological, cultural, and scientific changes, as well as commercial pressures, eroded established, local conservation regimes. Without these protections, small fish and small fishermen alike were cleared from Cape Cod's coastal margins to make room for new people, whose reinvention of the Cape as a pastoral "wilderness" allowed them to overlook the social and ecological dislocation that came before.
A comparative study of the efficiency of different coagulants in the textile wastewater treatment was carried out. The utilization of natural coagulants instead of the synthetic ones has demonstrated ...significant advantages since it provides a low cost and environmentally friendly technology for removing dyes. This study aimed at evaluating the performance of different coagulants in the removal of the apparent colour, turbidity, absorbance, and COD of textile wastewater samples from an industrial laundry. Two organic coagulants (Moringa oleifera Lam seeds extracted in saline solutions of NaCl and KCl 1 mol L−1) and an inorganic coagulant (aluminium sulphate) were used. Initially, the influence of the pH was evaluated for each coagulant. Then, a factorial design was applied in order to determine the coagulant concentration and the sedimentation time needed for the textile wastewater treatment. All the parameters obtained their best results with acidic pH values for the studied coagulants. The organic coagulants presented the best results, in general, reaching removals of 82.2% for the apparent colour, 83.05% for COD, 78.4% for RP-HE7B, and 89.7% for OP-HER using the Moringa coagulant extracted in KCl. This study demonstrated the applicability of the Moringa oleifera Lam seeds to the textile wastewater treatment.
•The efficiency of the coagulants is dependent on the pH, preferably acid.•High natural coagulant concentrations and settling times resulted in COD removals.•The natural coagulants provided a more significant COD removal.•Moringa oleifera Lam has potential as a coagulant for treating textile wastewater.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•For the first time catalytic activity of Ni-based LDH was studied in ozonation.•Catalytic degradation of methyl orange showed a COD removal of 72%.•Ozone-Ni ions interaction on ...catalyst surface generated active complexes.•Active complexes are the key for achieving such high catalytic performance.
The catalytic activity of Ni-based layered double hydroxides (Ni-LDHs) nanomaterials was studied for the first time in ozonation of simulated dyeing wastewater for dye degradation (methyl orange (MO)). For the purpose of comparison, degradation of MO by non-catalyzed ozonation was also considered. The degradation experiments were performed in a laboratory scale cylindrical batch reactor. The effect of catalyst was studied using UV–Vis, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ion chromatography (IC) analyses. The influence of various operating factors such as reaction temperature, dye concentration, catalyst dosage and hydroxyl radical scavengers (bicarbonate-carbonate) on the MO dye degradation rate were investigated. The catalytic ozonation exhibits total discoloration with faster reaction rate and clearly enhances the COD removal. In optimized conditions, after 60 min reaction, COD removal has reached 72% in the catalytic ozonation process, while it reached only 30% in non-catalytic ozonation. Additionally, the characterization results of Ni-LDH catalyst before and after ozonation experiments were discussed. A possible mechanism of degradation was suggested.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•The effect of the cathode material on EO treatment performance was studied.•Real electrochemical COD removal performance was gained after oxychlorides removal.•Cu/Zn led to less COD deviation than ...those with Ti and stainless steel cathode.•The interference of ClO3− on COD determination was more evident than ClO−.
The electrochemically generated toxic oxychlorides would induce an over-evaluation of electrochemical oxidation performance in terms of COD removal when treating saline wastewater, which has not yet drawn any attention in environmental community. In this study, the interference extent of oxychlorides on COD determination was revealed in the DSA-based electrochemical oxidation (EO) system, which was related to the choice of cathode materials (i.e., Ti, stainless steel, Cu/Zn). Noticeably, the TOC removal efficiency was similar in the systems with different cathode materials at current density of 20∼40 mA cm−2, while the apparent COD removal efficiency was followed a decreased trend in the order of Ti, stainless steel, Cu/Zn cathode. The above cathode-dependent trend of COD removal efficiencies all returned to the similar levels after reductive removal of the oxychlorides (ClO− and ClO3−) by sulfite. The control experimental results indicate that ClO3− exhibited a more evident interference on COD determination than ClO−. The less over-evaluation of EO performance in COD removal efficiency with Cu/Zn cathode were attributed to the higher reduction ability of Cu/Zn cathode toward ClO− and ClO3−. Generally, although Cl− can be regarded as a “accelerant” for electrochemical pollutant degradation, the over-evaluation of electrochemical oxidation performance for COD removal should be also deserved attention.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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