The spring of 2020 marked a change in how almost everyone conducted their personal and professional lives, both within science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) and beyond. ...The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global scientific conferences and individual laboratories and required people to find space in their homes from which to work. It blurred the boundaries between work and non-work, infusing ambiguity into everyday activities. While adaptations that allowed people to connect became more common, the evidence available at the end of 2020 suggests that the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic endangered the engagement, experience, and retention of women in academic STEMM, and may roll back some of the achievement gains made by women in the academy to date.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Careers of Women in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine identifies, names, and documents how the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the careers of women in academic STEMM during the initial 9-month period since March 2020 and considers how these disruptions - both positive and negative - might shape future progress for women. This publication builds on the 2020 report Promising Practices for Addressing the Underrepresentation of Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine to develop a comprehensive understanding of the nuanced ways these disruptions have manifested. The Impact of COVID-19 on the Careers of Women in Academic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine will inform the academic community as it emerges from the pandemic to mitigate any long-term negative consequences for the continued advancement of women in the academic STEMM workforce and build on the adaptations and opportunities that have emerged.
Importance
COVID‐19 is caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, a betacoronavirus that uses the angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) receptor to gain entry into cells. ACE2 receptor is widely ...expressed in multiple organs, including the retina, an extension of the central nervous system. The ACE2 receptor is involved in the diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy. Additionally, coronaviruses cause ocular infections in animals, including retinitis, and optic neuritis.
Objective
To assess whether there is any retinal disease associated with COVID‐19.
Design
We have evaluated 27 asymptomatic subjects, with retinal fundoscopic, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography fourteen days after hospital discharge due to COVID‐19 bilateral pneumonia.
Results
Cotton wool exudates were evident in six out of 27 patients evaluated, a 22%. Cotton wool exudates are a marker vascular disease severity in other medical context, that is diabetes and hypertension, and are associated with increased risk for acute vascular events. Whether antiaggregation therapy may play a role on fundoscopic‐selected patients with COVID‐19 requires prospective trials.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction: The ongoing Corona Virus Pandemic is linked with high rates of morbidity and mortality globally. Early and effective predictors of clinical outcomes are urgently required to develop ...effective management protocols.Objective: To investigate the predictive efficacy of haematological biomarkers in Covid -19 infectionMethods: Blood samples were drawn from COVID‐19 infected pneumonia patients. Baseline clinical information was collected and quantification of hemostatic variable was done. Laboratory data both groups expired and recovered were compared using t- test, Mann Whitney- U test, chi squared-test and Kruskal Wallis test. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the independent contribution of haematological variable in Covid19 related mortality. Receiver operating characteristic curve were drawn to find the predictive efficacy of significantly related parameters.Results: Out of 191 patients 68.1% were male. D‐dimer (median 800 ng/mL; IQR 200‐3200) and NLR (median 10.40; IQR 3.20-22.80) were found to be predominantly raised and significantly correlated with Covid mortality in multivariate regression analysis. The optimum cutoff value of D-dimer to predict in-hospital mortality was 450 ng/ml with a sensitivity of 71.6% and a specificity of 95.8%. The optimum cutoff value of NLR to predict in-hospital mortality was 5.450 with a sensitivity of 70.1% and a specificity of 71%.Conclusion: D-dimer and NLR could be used as the significant indicators in predicting the mortality of COVID-19.
Introduction
Little is still known about the prognostic impact of incident arrhythmias in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and predictors of ...sustained tachyarrhythmias in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19, and their potential association with disease severity and in‐hospital mortality.
Materials and methods
This was a retrospective multicenter observation study including consecutive patients with laboratory confirmed COVID‐19 admitted to emergency department of ten Italian Hospitals from 15 February to 15 March 2020. The prevalence and the type of incident sustained arrhythmias have been collected. The correlation between the most prevalent arrhythmias and both baseline characteristics and the development of ARDS and in‐hospital mortality has been evaluated.
Results
414 hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 (66.9 ± 15.0 years, 61.1% male) were included in the present study. During a median follow‐up of 28 days (IQR: 12‐45), the most frequent incident sustained arrhythmia was AF (N: 71; 17.1%), of which 50 (12.1%) were new‐onset and 21 (5.1%) were recurrent, followed by VT (N: 14, 3.4%) and supraventricular arrhythmias (N: 5, 1.2%). Incident AF, both new‐onset and recurrent, did not affect the risk of severe adverse events including ARDS and death during hospitalization; in contrast, incident VT significantly increased the risk of in‐hospital mortality (RR: 2.55; P: .003).
Conclusions
AF is the more frequent incident tachyarrhythmia; however, it not seems associated to ARDS development and death. On the other hand, incident VT is a not frequent but independent predictor of in‐hospital mortality among hospitalized COVID‐19 patients.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Musculoskeletal pain may occur after becoming infected with SARS-Cov2. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of mesotherapy in treating chronic pain following COVID-19 infection.
A ...retrospective review was conducted of the records of 96 patients with post-COVID pain syndrome. Those who were eligible for oral therapy or mesotherapy, included in the study. Patients receiving oral treatment with diclofenac potassium, thiocolchicoside and cyanocobalamin were included in one group (n = 46), and patients receiving intradermal mesotherapy with 2% lidocaine + cyanocobalamin were included in another group (n = 50). The results of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) were individually assessed before and one week after the treatment.
The participants were 40.2 ± 11.1 years old on average. Of the participants, 35.4% (n = 34) were male and 64.6% (n = 62) were female. Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference between the patients in terms of VAS and LANSS scores. Following the treatment, a notable positive response was observed in both groups. Nevertheless, when compared to the oral treatment group, the mesotherapy group exhibited a more pronounced enhancement in VAS and LANSS scores (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively).
While both mesotherapy and oral therapy offer benefits in reducing pain and alleviating neuropathic symptoms in post-COVID pain syndrome, mesotherapy stands out as an especially effective and well-tolerated treatment method, surpassing the efficacy of the oral alternative.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The human experience of survival from a plague is about distinguishing the sick from the healthy as quickly as possible, establishing a barrier to stop the infection, and protecting healthy people. ...Nevertheless, the various quarantine rules and the acceptance and compliance of the population are a kind of battle between policy implementers and the public. This paper tries to understand how Chinese cultural attitudes (Henderson, 1984) unconsciously influence the Chinese people to be most cooperative with the strict containment and quarantine measures to confront the COVID‐19 pandemic. This article begins with the Chinese characters, exemplified by the four characters of disease and plague, to discuss how the pictograph nature and spatial structural way profoundly shaped the cultural mind. Then, through plague‐related Chinese legends, stories and folklore, the paper sets out the Chinese cultural attitudes which are also manifested in the analogical associations between disease, plague and seasons, the balance of the five elements of the universe and ghosts, gods and the government bureaucrats in the Kingdom of the Heaven. All of these approaches are well in line with Jung’s method of associative amplification as a way to locate the archetypal wisdom that assures survival.
L’expérience humaine de survivre à la peste est de distinguer les malades des personnes saines aussi vite que possible, d’établir une barrière pour stopper l’infection, de protéger les personnes saines. Cependant les diverses règles sur la quarantaine et l’acceptation et la soumission de la population sont une sorte de bataille entre les personnes qui mettent en œuvre les mesures et le public. Cet article tente de comprendre comment les attitudes culturelles Chinoises (Henderson 1984) ont influencé inconsciemment le peuple Chinois, le rendant plus coopératif en ce qui concerne le confinement strict et les mesures de quarantaine pour faire face à la pandémie de COVID‐19. Cet article commence avec les caractères Chinois, illustrés par les quatre caractères de la maladie et la peste, pour discuter comment le pictogramme de la nature et la façon de structurer l’espace ont profondément modelé la pensée culturelle. Ensuite, à travers des légendes, des histoires et le folklore Chinois traitant de la peste, l’article cerne les attitudes culturelles Chinoises. Ces attitudes sont également repérables dans les analogies entre la maladie, la peste et les saisons, l’équilibre des cinq éléments de l’univers, les esprits, les dieux et les bureaucrates gouvernementaux dans le Royaume des Cieux. Toutes ces approches sont bien en accord avec la méthode d’amplification associative de Jung en tant que manière de situer la sagesse archétypale qui permet la survie.
Die menschliche Erfahrung beim Überleben einer Seuche beinhaltet, die Kranken so schnell wie möglich von den Gesunden zu unterscheiden, eine Barriere zu errichten, um die Infektion zu stoppen und gesunde Menschen zu schützen. Dennoch sind die verschiedenen Quarantäneregeln und die Akzeptanz und Befolgensbereitschaft der Bevölkerung eine Art Kampf zwischen Politikmachenden und der Öffentlichkeit. Dieser Beitrag versucht zu verstehen, wie chinesische kulturelle Einstellungen (Henderson 1984) das chinesische Volk unbewußt dahingehend beeinflussen, bei den strengen Eindämmungs‐ und Quarantänemaßnahmen zur Bewältigung der COVID‐19‐Pandemie höchst kooperativ zu sein. Dieser Artikel beginnt mit den chinesischen Schriftzeichen, beispielhaft dargestellt durch die vier Schriftzeichen von Krankheit und Seuche, um zu erörtern, wie die Piktogrammnatur und räumliche Struktur den kulturellen Geist tiefgreifend geprägt haben. Anschließend legt der Text anhand von pestbezogenen chinesischen Legenden, Geschichten und Folklore die chinesische kulturelle Haltung dar, die sich auch in den analogen Assoziationen zwischen Krankheit, Pest und Jahreszeiten, dem Gleichgewicht der fünf Elemente des Universums und Geistern, Göttern, manifestiert sowie auch in den Regierungsbürokraten im himmlischen Königreich. Alle diese Ansätze passen gut zu Jungs Methode der assoziativen Amplifikation als ein Weg, um die archetypische Weisheit zu finden, die das Überleben sichert.
L’esperienza umana della sopravvivenza ad una pandemia consiste nel distinguere i malati dalle persone sane il più velocemente possibile, stabilire una barriera per fermare il contagio e proteggere le persone sane. Ciononostante, le varie regole di quarantena ed il consenso e l’osservanza da parte della popolazione costituiscono una sorta di battaglia tra gli promotori delle politiche ed il pubblico. Questo articolo cerca di comprendere come le attitudini culturali cinesi (Henderson 1984) abbiano inconsciamente influenzato il popolo cinese ad essere il più collaborativo con le rigide misure di contenimento e quarantena per affrontare la pandemia di COVID‐19. Questo articolo inizia con i caratteri cinesi, esemplificati dai quattro caratteri di malattia e pandemia, per poi discutere di come la natura pittografica e la struttura spaziale abbiano profondamente plasmato la mente culturale. In seguito, tramite leggende, storie e folklore cinesi legati alla pandemia, l’articolo definisce le attitudini culturali cinesi che si manifestano anche nelle associazioni analogiche tra malattia, pandemia e stagioni, l’equilibrio dei cinque elementi dell’universo e fantasmi, divinità, e i burocrati del governo nel Regno dei Cieli. Tutti questi approcci sono in linea con il metodo dell'amplificazione di Jung come metodo per individuare la saggezza archetipica che garantisce la sopravvivenza.
Человеческий опыт выживания во время чумы заключается в том, чтобы как можно быстрее отличить больных от здоровых, установить барьер, чтобы остановить распространение инфекции, и защитить здоровых людей. Тем не менее, вокруг различных карантинных правил, их принятия и соблюдения населением возникает своего рода борьба между исполнителями политических решений и общественностью. В данной статье делается попытка понять, как китайские культурные установки (Henderson 1984) бессознательно влияют на китайский народ, делая его максимально сговорчивым в отношении строгих карантинных и сдерживающих мер противостояния пандемии COVID‐19. В начале статьи речь идет о китайских иероглифах, и на примере четырех из них, обозначающих болезнь и чуму, обсуждается глубокое влияние пиктографичности и пространственной структурности на формирование культурного сознания. Затем в статье приводятся китайские легенды, истории и народные предания о чуме, в которых проявляются китайские культурные установки, и те же установки прослеживаются в ассоциациях между болезнью, чумой и временами года, балансом пяти элементов Вселенной, с одной стороны, и призраками, богами и правительственными бюрократами Поднебесной империи, с другой. Эти подходы хорошо согласуются с методом ассоциативной амплификации Юнга, служащего способом поиска архетипической мудрости, направленной на выживание.
La experiencia humana de sobrevivir a una plaga consiste en distinguir lo antes posible a los enfermos de los sanos, establecer una barrera para detener la infección y proteger a las personas sanas. Sin embargo, las diversas normas de cuarentena y la aceptación y el cumplimiento por parte de la población son una especie de batalla entre los responsables políticos y el público. Este artículo trata de entender cómo las actitudes culturales chinas (Henderson 1984) influyen inconscientemente en el pueblo chino para que sea más cooperativo con las estrictas medidas de contención y cuarentena para hacer frente a la pandemia de COVID‐19. El presente artículo comienza con los caracteres chinos, ejemplificados por los cuatro caracteres de la enfermedad y la peste, para analizar cómo la naturaleza pictográfica y la forma estructural espacial moldearon profundamente la mente cultural. A continuación, a través de leyendas, cuentos y folclore chinos relacionados con la peste, el artículo expone las actitudes culturales chinas que también se manifiestan en las asociaciones analógicas entre la enfermedad, la peste y las estaciones, el equilibrio de los cinco elementos del universo, y los fantasmas, los dioses y los burócratas del gobierno en el Reino de los Cielos. Todos estos planteamientos se ajustan bien al método de Jung de amplificación asociativa como vía de acceso a la sabiduría arquetípica que asegura la supervivencia.
瘟疫的文化原型意象在中国汉字、传说和民俗中的变迁
瘟疫灾难中幸存的人类共有经验如同灭火, 无外乎建立起阻止瘟疫蔓延的隔离地带, 尽可能地将患病者从健康人群中区分出来, 加以隔离和治疗。本文从汉德森(1984)所提出的文化态度与文化原型视角出发, 提出时至今日在应对COVID‐19大流行之中, 这些隔离防疫措施的实施落实, 体现为卫生政策与集体大众心向之间的博奕；相较之下, 占有五分之一世界人口的中国民众, 是最为严格的防控与隔离措施的赞成支持者与配合者, 这种集体倾向体现于数千年中国文化中所积累的文化无意识态度。本文首先提出汉字偏旁部首所具的原型“象征”性本质, 与方块型汉字的构字空间规则, 这些对于中国集体文化心智都具有深远的形塑功能, 并以“疾病”与“瘟疫”四个汉字为例, 探讨其中所凝聚的对疫病的认识。其次从瘟疫相关的传说、故事与民俗, 梳理了中国先民在应对疫病过程中所积累的丰富的原型类比式生存经验, 体现在以季节变换及阴阳五行的天人相应与失衡的关系层面去理解疫病；还体现在从司掌瘟疫的神灵, 转化为患者死后所转化为的疫鬼、瘟将军、瘟元帅、瘟神等等, 在这些意象的演变中, 体现着中国先民除了视瘟疫为天帝的警示之外, 越来越多地采用其与封建皇朝中等级官僚的互动经验理解着疫病的威胁与应对, 可以视为原型在中国集体文化中的扩充联想, 伴随着汉民族从瘟疫灾难的一次次侵袭中的复兴之路。
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
18.
COVID‐19 and the gender gap in work hours Collins, Caitlyn; Landivar, Liana Christin; Ruppanner, Leah ...
Gender, work, and organization,
January 2021, Volume:
28, Issue:
S1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
School and day care closures due to the COVID‐19 pandemic have increased caregiving responsibilities for working parents. As a result, many have changed their work hours to meet these growing ...demands. In this study, we use panel data from the US Current Population Survey to examine changes in mothers’ and fathers’ work hours from February through April 2020, the period of time prior to the widespread COVID‐19 outbreak in the United States and through its first peak. Using person‐level fixed effects models, we find that mothers with young children have reduced their work hours four to five times more than fathers. Consequently, the gender gap in work hours has grown by 20–50 per cent. These findings indicate yet another negative consequence of the COVID‐19 pandemic, highlighting the challenges it poses to women’s work hours and employment.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In its wake, the COVID‐19 pandemic has ushered in a surge in the number of cases of mucormycosis. Most cases are temporally linked to COVID‐19; hence, the entity is described as COVID‐19‐associated ...mucormycosis (CAM). The present systematic review was undertaken to provide an up‐to‐date summary of the hitherto available literature on CAM. PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched using appropriate keywords till 14 May 2021, to identify case reports/case series pertaining to mucormycosis in patients with COVID‐19. Relevant data extracted included demographic characteristics, comorbidity profile, clinical category of mucormycosis, glucocorticoid use, treatment offered and patient outcome. We identified 30 case reports/case series, pooling data retrieved from 99 patients with CAM. Most cases were reported from India (72%). The majority of the patients was male (78%) and had diabetes mellitus (85%). A prior history of COVID‐19 was present in 37% patients with mucormycosis developing after an initial recovery. The median time interval between COVID‐19 diagnosis and the first evidence of mucormycosis infection or CAM diagnosis was 15 days. Glucocorticoid use was reported in 85% of cases. Rhino‐orbital mucormycosis was most common (42%), followed by rhino‐orbito‐cerebral mucormycosis (24%). Pulmonary mucormycosis was observed in 10 patients (10%). The mortality rate was 34%; the use of adjunct surgery, which was undertaken in 81% of patients, was associated with better clinical outcomes (p < .001). In conclusion, CAM is an emerging problem necessitating increased vigilance in COVID‐19 patients, even those who have recovered. CAM portends a poor prognosis and warrants early diagnosis and treatment.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Addictions: current perspectives Magalhães Tavares de Oliveira, Maria Paula
Journal of analytical psychology,
April 2022, 2022-04-00, 20220401, Volume:
67, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This paper seeks to integrate the perspectives of analytical psychology and neurobiology in order to understand the phenomenon of addiction in contemporary society, taking into account the COVID‐19 ...pandemic. Jung emphasizes the role of the psyche’s self‐regulation and the development of consciousness in the individuation process. The search for experiences of transcendence is archetypal and can be achieved by the use of some substances or behaviours and can contribute to individuation. However, in contemporary society, many individuals seek to restore internal balance through behaviours that merely soothe discomfort. The difficulty in discerning use, abuse, and dependence, particularly in the case of behavioural addictions, is discussed and neurobiological factors are presented. Empathic relationships play a key role in this process as they can promote the integration of the right and left hemispheres, integrating non‐verbal experiences and language, contributing to self‐regulation. Jung emphasizes the importance of real encounters in the transformation process. Currently, meetings have become a source of anguish. The author concludes that more than ever it is necessary to invest in the quality of the interactions to prevent and treat addictions.
Cet article chercher à intégrer les perspectives de la psychologie analytique et de la neurobiologie afin de comprendre le phénomène de l’addiction dans la société contemporaine, en tenant compte de la pandémie de COVID‐19. Jung a souligné le rôle autorégulateur de la psyché et le développement de la conscience dans le processus d’individuation. La recherche d’expériences de transcendance est archétypale et peut être atteinte par l’utilisation de certaines substances ou certains comportements et elle peut contribuer à l’individuation. Néanmoins dans la société contemporaine, beaucoup de personnes cherchent à restaurer l’équilibre intérieur par des comportements qui visent simplement à apaiser l’inconfort. La difficulté à différencier entre l’utilisation, l’abus, et la dépendance, particulièrement en ce qui concerne les addictions comportementales – est étudiée et les facteurs neurobiologiques sont exposés. Les relations empathiques jouent un rôle clé dans ce processus parce qu’elles peuvent promouvoir l’intégration des hémisphères droit et gauche, intégrant les expériences non‐verbales et le langage, contribuant à l’autorégulation. Jung souligne l’importance des rencontres réelles dans le processus de transformation. En ce moment les réunions sont devenues une source d’angoisse. L’auteur conclut qu’il est plus que jamais nécessaire d’investir dans la qualité des interactions afin de prévenir et de soigner les addictions.
Dieser Beitrag versucht, die Perspektiven der Analytischen Psychologie und der Neurobiologie zu integrieren, um das Phänomen der Sucht in der heutigen Gesellschaft unter Berücksichtigung der COVID‐19‐Pandemie zu verstehen. Jung betont die Rolle der Selbstregulation der Psyche und der Bewußtseinsentwicklung im Individuationsprozeß. Die Suche nach Transzendenzerfahrungen ist archetypisch und kann durch den Einsatz bestimmter Substanzen oder Verhaltensweisen erreicht werden und zur Individuation beitragen. In der heutigen Gesellschaft versuchen jedoch viele Menschen, das innere Gleichgewicht durch Verhaltensweisen wiederherzustellen, die lediglich Beschwerden lindern. Die Schwierigkeit, Gebrauch, Mißbrauch und Abhängigkeit, insbesondere bei empathischen Beziehungen, spielen in diesem Prozeß eine Schlüsselrolle, da sie die Integration der rechten und linken Hemisphäre fördern, nonverbale Erfahrungen und Sprache integrieren und zur Selbstregulierung beitragen können. Jung betont die Bedeutung echter Begegnungen im Transformationsprozeß. Derzeit sind Meetings zu einer Quelle der Qual geworden. Der Autor kommt zu dem Schluß, daß mehr denn je in die Qualität der Interaktionen investiert werden muß, um Suchterkrankungen vorzubeugen und zu behandeln.
Questo articolo cerca di integrare le prospettive della psicologia analitica e della neurobiologia per comprendere il fenomeno delle dipendenze nella società contemporanea, prendendo in considerazione la pandemia di COVID‐19. Jung evidenzia il ruolo dell’autoregolazione della psiche e lo sviluppo della coscienza nel processo di individuazione. La ricerca di esperienze di trascendenza è archetipica e può essere raggiunta tramite l’uso di alcune sostanze o comportamenti e può contribuire all’individuazione. Tuttavia, nella società contemporanea, molti individui cercano di restaurare l’equilibrio interno tramite comportamenti che si limitano a lenire il malessere. Viene discussa la difficoltà nel distinguere uso, abuso, e dipendenza, in particolare nel caso delle dipendenze comportamentali, e ne vengono presentati i fattori neurobiologici. Le relazioni empatiche svolgono un ruolo chiave in questo processo in quanto possono promuovere l’integrazione degli emisferi destro e sinistro, integrando esperienze e linguaggi non‐verbali, contribuendo all’autoregolazione. Jung enfatizza l’importanza degli incontri reali nel processo di trasformazione. Attualmente, gli incontri sono diventati una fonte di angoscia. L’Autrice conclude che è più che mai necessario investire sulla qualità delle interazioni per prevenire e curare le dipendenze.
В данной статье предпринята попытка интегрировать взгляды аналитической психологии и нейробиологии с целью лучшего понимания феномена зависимостей в современном обществе, с учетом пандемии ковид‐19. Юнг подчеркивает роль саморегуляции психики и развития сознания в процессе индивидуации. Стремление к переживанию трансцендентности является архетипическим, и его можно получить благодаря некоторым веществам или формам поведения, что может способствовать индивидуации. Однако в современном обществе многие люди стремятся восстановить внутренний баланс, прибегая к формам поведения, которые лишь смягчают дискомфорт. Обсуждается сложность разграничения употребления, злоупотребления и зависимости, особенно в случае поведенческих зависимостей, в том числе описываются нейробиологические факторы. Эмпатические отношения играют ключевую роль в этом процессе, поскольку они могут способствовать взаимодействию правого и левого полушарий, интеграции невербального переживания и речи, облегчению саморегуляции. Юнг подчеркивает важность реальных встреч в процессе трансформации. В настоящее время встречи стали источником страданий. Автор приходит к выводу, что сегодня, как никогда ранее, необходимо заботиться о качестве взаимодействия для профилактики и лечения зависимостей.
El presente trabajo busca integrar perspectivas de psicología analítica y neurobiología en vistas a la comprensión del fenómeno de la adicción en la sociedad contemporánea, tomando en cuenta la pandemia del COVID‐19. Jung enfatiza el rol auto‐regulador de la psique y el desarrollo de la consciencia en el proceso de individuación. La búsqueda de experiencias de trascendencia es arquetípica y puede ser alcanzada a través del uso de ciertas sustancias o conductas y puede contribuir al proceso de individuación. Sin embargo, en la sociedad contemporánea, muchos individuos buscan restaurar el balance interno a través de conductas que meramente alivian el malestar. Se discute acerca de la dificultad para discernir uso, abuso y dependencia, particularmente en el caso de conductas adictivas y se presentan los factores neurobiológicos. Las relaciones empáticas juegan un rol fundamental en este proceso en la medida que promueven la integración de los hemisferios derecho e izquierdo, integrando experiencias no‐verbales y lenguaje, contribuyendo a la auto‐regulación. Jung enfatiza la importancia de encuentros reales en el proceso de transformación. Actualmente, los encuentros se han convertido en una fuente de angustia. La autora concluye que más que nunca se vuelve necesario invertir en la calidad de las interacciones para prevenir y tratar las adicciones.
成瘾——当前的观点。
本文试图整合分析心理学和神经生物学的观点, 来理解当代社会的成瘾现象, 同时也考虑到COVID‐19流行所带来的影响。荣格强调了心理的自我调节和意识的发展在自性化过程中的作用。对超越体验的追求是原型性的, 它可以通过使用一些物质或行为来实现, 它也可以促进自性化。然而, 在当代社会, 许多人仅仅通过抚慰不适的行为来恢复内部平衡。本文讨论了有辨别地使用的困难、滥用和依赖, 特别是讨论了行为成瘾的情况, 并介绍了相关的神经生物学因素。共情关系在这一过程中起着关键作用, 因为它可以促进左右半球的整合, 整合非语言经验和语言, 有助于自我调节。荣格强调了真实的相遇在转化过程中的重要性。而目前, 见面已经成为一种痛苦的来源。作者的结论是, 现在比以往任何时候都更有必要投资于互动的质量, 以预防和治疗成瘾。
Este artigo busca integrar as perspectivas da psicologia analítica e da neurobiologia para entender o fenômeno dos vícios na sociedade contemporânea, levando em consideração a pandemia de COVID‐19. Jung enfatiza o papel da autorregulação da psique e o desenvolvimento da consciência no processo de individuação. A busca por experiências de transcendência é arquetípica e pode ser alcançada pelo uso de algumas substâncias ou comportamentos e pode contribuir para a individuação. No entanto, na sociedade contemporânea, muitos indivíduos buscam restaurar o equilíbrio interno por meio de comportamentos que apenas acalmam o desconforto. A dificuldade em discernir o uso, abuso e dependência, particularmente no caso de vícios comportamentais, é discutida e fatores neurobiológicos são apresentados. As relações empáticas desempenham um papel fundamental nesse processo, pois podem promover a integração dos hemisférios direito e esquerdo, integrando experiências não verbais e linguagem, contribuindo para a autorregulação. Jung enfatiza a importância de encontros reais no processo de transformação. Atualmente, os encontros se tornaram uma fonte de angústia. O autor conclui que mais do que nunca é necessário investir na qualidade das interações para prevenir e tratar vícios.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
