O artigo examina as noçöes de saúde e doença elaboradas pelas abordagens de G. Canguilhem. Elas sao analisadas levándose em conta as hipóteses freudianas sobre neurose, normalidade e doença mental. ...Em particular, o conceito de normatividade na filosofia de G. Canguilhem é abordado, estabelecendo um diálogo com as noçöes de síntoma e doença nos textos freudianos. Nessa estrutura, é dada relevancia á relaçao entre síntoma e fantasía como fenómenos que destacan! a criatividade do ser vivo. Especificase que esta última se expressa de forma diferenciada na organizaçdo de quadros neuróticos e psicóticos. Finalmente, por meio das ideias apresentadas por A. Badiou, a tensao entre a dimensdo objetiva e subjetiva do sujeito é analisada como um substrato lógico da crítica que pode ser estabelecida aos procedimentos científico-naturais da medicina e sua ansia de objetivar a experiencia clínica.
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This paper explores the problem of the synthesis between vitalism and rationalism, in contemporary philosophy. With this aim, we compare the intellectual careers of Georges Canguilhem (1904-1995) and ...José Ortega y Gasset (1883-1955). We contrast their conceptions of philosophy as "hybrid" knowledge, closely related to science, as well as their points of view on Vitalism, anthropology, the technique and the perspectivism. To avoid that comparison is purely abstract and ahistorical, we use the method of the sociology of philosophy. This forces us to locate both paths in their respective philosophical fields and generational units, also according to his social background and professional career.
Este artigo objetiva apresentar uma crítica ao modelo biomédico de saúde predominante nas ciências médicas, a partir do conceito de normatividade vital, proposto por Georges Canguilhem. Na introdução ...apresentamos, a partir de um breve histórico do conceito de saúde, a normalização como o primado fundamental do modelo biomédico. Na primeira parte, discutimos o problema da determinação do normal e do patológico, da saúde e da doença, no pensamento de Canguilhem, buscando situar esses conceitos em função de valores individuais, questionando a existência de um processo normativo em biologia. Na segunda parte, pretende-se demonstrar que a normatividade vital defendida por Canguilhem é uma ferramenta conceitual fundamental para o entendimento da lógica de produção biológica. Esta lógica de produção não toma a norma como critério de valoração das formas de vida possíveis. Não são as individualidades biológicas que se adéquam ou se afastam das normas, mas, ao contrário, é a individualidade biológica enquanto potência de criação de novas formas que produz o processo de sua normatividade. Por fim, destacamos o impacto crítico do conceito de saúde entendido como uma abertura ao risco, enfatizando essa dimensão da saúde como a capacidade de enfrentar novas situações de vida.
FROM THE EDITOR Dubreuil, Laurent
Diacritics,
04/2014, Volume:
42, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Despite the impressive growth in recent years of scholarly work on such categories, they often continue to be hastily and unreflectively discarded or adopted by the discursive disciplines: the curse ...against the evil essence is our Charybdis, and the childish enthusiasm for digital novelty or big data is our Scylla.
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This paper examines the 1941 pamphlet “Down with Starvation-Wages!,” written by Local 313 striking sharecroppers in Southeast Missouri, as it both anticipates and places into deep historical ...tension theories of normativity that would come to be associated with continental European critique after World War Two. The pamphlet's contents are both a local response to and critical theory of New Deal struggles over the meaning and bureaucratic administration of rehabilitation. I first examine the schematic history of federal Rehabilitation programs as they emerged in the biomedical context of the First World War and were then transformed in the agricultural-economic context of the New Deal era. Across these contexts, I demonstrate that their main discursive and procedural function was the cultivation of their white beneficiaries as economic and political self-sovereigns. I then argue that the brief attempt to extend this Agricultural Adjustment Administration-administered form of Rural Rehabilitation programming, ostensibly an index of citizenship, to 1939 striking sharecroppers constituted one attempt to dull the normative force of an organized population, which had long been treated as surplus. I outline the relocation of remaining protesters to the farming cooperative of Cropperville by the St. Louis Committee for the Rehabilitation of Sharecroppers as an intermediary mode of social management that aimed to prevent organized sharecropper protest without extending the promise of full citizenship. The Local's 1941 subsequent “starvation-wage” is thus a relational theory of racist exploitation that allowed the state of starvation to emerge among black persons. In its maintenance of various orders of black persons’ virtual value as perpetually unrealized, its economy is made to run through cycles of starvation, bondage, and debt; as well as nutrition, rehabilitation, and repair. The Local's subsequent endorsement of the 1941 strike and of coalitional organizing with white sharecroppers thus instrumentalizes the very uneven racist distribution of history and life chances by the starvation-wage as a political resource in elaborating potentially novel arrangements of life.
The Measure of Manliness contributes to this developing subfield of Victorian disability studies by putting into conversation long-standing Victorian scholarship on invalidism and illness with more ...recent disability theory and its investments in the social model of disability, where "sickness and disability are not fixed biological states but part of a culturally constructed continuum of ideas about the fit body" (16). In a move similar to Georges Canguilhem in The Normal and the Pathological and Lennard Davis in Enforcing Normalcy, Bourrier argues for the mutual dependence and co-constituency of disability and normative health as key concepts animating Victorian fiction. Furthermore, Bourrier takes at face value Victorian writers' naturalization of disability as inherently an affective state without considering how this historical association of disability with feeling itself merits critique as an enduring stereotype that has led many disability scholars to be critical of sentimentality.
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En este artículo realizamos un análisis de dos textos literarios de Diamela Eltit: «Colonizadas» (2009) e Impuesto a la carne (2010). Para esta tarea, nos apoyamos en los desarrollos teóricos de una ...serie de autores fundamentales de la filosofía en las últimas décadas, como Georges Canguilhem, Michel Foucault, Donna Haraway o Roberto Esposito. En diálogo, especialmente, con la categoría de «inmunidad» (en tanto que categoría biopolítica) que propone este último, llegamos a la conclusión de que los textos de Eltit detectan las claves de la imaginación política de nuestra época. A partir, primero, de la imagen de un mundo convertido en hospital, en el que el (bio)poder y la (bio)medicina se confunden y ocupan todas las franjas de la vida; y a partir, en segundo lugar, de un conjunto de imágenes corporales, desde los cuerpos enfermos a la «comuna del cuerpo», las narraciones de la escritora chilena ponen en escena, en efecto, una imaginación que podríamos reconocer como la «imaginación política de la inmunidad». La disposición de estas imágenes, no obstante, no solo nos ayuda a entender el modo en que dicha imaginación funcionaría (en tanto que parte de una forma específica de gobierno), sino que también nos ofrece las claves (tal es, al menos, nuestra hipótesis) para cuestionarla y transformarla. El recorrido, si seguimos la lectura de Impuesta a la carne, podría ser el que va de la imagen de un «cuerpo social» inmunizado a la imagen de una «comuna del cuerpo».
The practice of terminating a pregnancy following the diagnosis of a fetal abnormality raises questions about notions of bodily normality and the ways these shape ethical decision-making. This is ...particularly the case with terminations done on the basis of ostensibly minor morphological anomalies, such as cleft lip and isolated malformations of the limbs or digits. In this paper, I examine a recent case of selective termination after a morphology ultrasound scan revealed the fetus to be missing a hand (acheiria). Using the work of Georges Canguilhem, I show that a person with acheiria could be considered normal. Further, I show that this case reveals a kind of "undecidability" in the significance of fetal sex/gender and disability in termination. From this, I consider the conceptual interaction of disability with sex/gender, to argue that the ethics of disability termination are not as distinct from those of sex/gender selection as is commonly supposed.
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In Auerbach’s account, Balzac borrows this notion of milieu from the physiologist Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, but the category of milieu as both agent and patient of living things is a feature of medical ...discourse as well as natural philosophy beginning in the late eighteenth century; in the work of Michel Foucault and his teacher, Georges Canguilhem, “milieu” comes to describe the space on which the living thing projects its needs and values and which also forms the physical surround in which it lives.1 Balzac tells us so much about the boardinghouse furniture in the novel’s opening pages because, as elements of a particular milieu, it reveals the character of Mme Vauquer, the proprietor, as well as the physico-moral circumstances which shape her and her boarders. According to Proust, Balzac’s style is distinguished by the suspension of a variety of incommensurable elements in the same literary medium. Oui, je suis au-dessous d’un chien, un chien ne se conduirait pas ainsi! ...Goriot’s fear that he will die like a dog appears as the realization of an earlier curse, levied by Mme Vauquer. ...the novel does take steps to sort an in-crowd of readers from an out.
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30.
The Vital and the Statistical Fleissner, Jennifer L.
Studies in American naturalism,
07/2017, Volume:
12, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
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