Thespesia populnea is a variety of small tree found mostly in the tropical regions of the world belonging to the family of Malvaceae. According to ancient and traditional medicine such as Ayurveda ...this plant is used to treat various diseases such as bloody diarrhea, fracture healing, urinary tract problem, abdomen swelling, pleurisy, skin disorders, high fever and menstrual issues. This study focuses on the evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of synthesized silver nanoparticles from aqueous leaf extract of Thespesia populnea plant. Reducing capability of synthesized nanoparticles was examined by carrying out various antioxidant assays such as reduction of DPPH substrate through radical scavenging. It showed the maximum reduction of DPPH as 92.77% at 120 ?g/mL concentration. At 120 ?g/mL concentration, phosphomolybdenum showed highest contraction percentage ranging 51.47 % and followed by Fe3+ reduction at 28.78 %. Studies on antimicrobial activity has revealed that the maximum zone of inhibition was exhibited by Proteus vulgaris with distinct zone formation up to 19 mm diameter.
Food-derived antioxidant peptides have become the focus of research due to their high safety and low cost. However, the discovery is suffering from a low efficient and empirical approach, involving ...multi-step off-line separation and identification. In this work, an on-line stop-flow RPLC × SEC-MS/DPPH radical scavenging activity analysis system was developed. For optimization, the conditions: 10 m reaction loop, 200 μM DPPH radical concentration, 40℃ temperature and 0.06 % formic acid were recommended. The system was fully validated by its application in glutathione analysis. The system was further applied in analysis of complex mixed standards, and the dipeptides GC (Gly-Cys) and CW (Cys-Trp) with relatively strong DPPH radical scavenging activity were validated. Maize protein hydrolysates were used for tests and the peptide AC (Ala-Cys) of high probability with strong DPPH radical scavenging activity was identified, demonstrating a high potential of the system. This would help to facilitate the discovery of antioxidative peptides in the future.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Edible basidiomycetes are highly active in the oxidative decomposition and polymerisation of polyphenols, and soybeans contain large amounts of isoflavones, which are polyphenol glycosides. ...Isoflavone aglycones exhibit weak estrogenic activities. In this study, we investigated the isoflavone content, polyphenol production, antioxidant activity and ergothioneine (EGT) content of soybeans fermented by Pleurotus cornucopiae and Pleurotus ostreatus. Isoflavone glycosides, which were abundant in unfermented soybeans, decreased, and aglycones increased on day 10 of culture in both edible basidiomycete-fermented soybeans. The total maximum polyphenol content in soybeans fermented by both mushrooms were approximately 4 times higher on day 30 to 40 of culture, than that of unfermented soybeans. P. cornucopiae-fermented soybeans showed maximum antioxidant activity on day 20 of culture, and this was approximately 6.1 times higher than that of unfermented soybeans. EGT was not detected in unfermented soybeans, whereas both fermented soybeans showed a maximum EGT content on day 20 of culture, which was especially high in P. cornucopiae-fermented soybeans. The antioxidant activity and EGT of P. cornucopiae-fermented soybeans were higher than those of P. ostreatus, suggesting that EGT was responsible for the increase in the antioxidant activity of P. cornucopiae-fermented soybeans.
Background: Free radicals, harmful by-products of a cell's natural metabolism, are responsible for various health problems. The search for plant-based supplements or medicines is always in high ...demand, as is the antioxidant activity that contributes to the therapeutic efficacy of plants. Aim: In the present study, the hydroalcoholic extracts from the aerial parts of Cassia tora were used for in vitro analysis of their antioxidant activity. Methods: Six separate assay methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity, i.e., against hydroxyl radical, DPPH, superoxide anions, nitric oxide, and also total flavonoid and phenolic content, were investigated. This was done by standardizing hydroalcoholic extract (70/30 ethanol to water) of Cassia tora and ascorbic acid. Results: Percentage scavenging activity and IC50 value were measured for extract prepared at various concentrations. The results IC50 values were 25.54 µg/ml, 45.04 µg/ml, 36.56 µg/ml, and 97.61 µg/ml for DPPH, superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and nitric oxide, respectively. Subsequently, the total phenolic and flavonoid content in the extract obtained was 1.927±0.73 mg GAE/gm and 1.018±0.29 mg QE/gm, respectively. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract of Cassia tora contains more phytoconstituents. This suggests it has a wide range of medicinal antioxidant properties that make it helpful in treating many diseases. With the increasing demand for safer herbal treatments, scientific efforts in this field are making significant contributions and advances and supporting innovation.
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•The metabolite levels in IDT changed distinctly from day 3 to 5 of fermentation.•Chemical constituents of IDT have changed dramatically during fermentation.•Critical metabolites from ...different times were revealed by multivariate statistical analyses.•The correlation between 66 metabolites and functional characteristics were evaluated.
Instant green tea powder was used as raw material to prepare an instant dark tea via liquid-state fermentation by Eurotium cristatum. To understand how the chemical constituents present in fermented green tea develop during fermentation, samples were collected on different days during fermentation for qualitative analyses by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive Orbitrap/Mass spectrometry. Untargeted metabolomics analyses revealed that the levels of original secondary metabolites in the instant green tea changed significantly from day 3 to day 5 during fermentation. Targeted metabolomics indicated that the levels of galloylated catechins (GCs) and free amino acids (FAAs) significantly decreased, but the nongalloylated catechins (NGCs), alkaloids, thearubigins and theabrownins increased dramatically after fermentation. The changes in the contents of catechins, gallic acid and free amino acids in the instant dark tea samples were positively related to the DPPH radical scavenging activities in vitro, and the phenolic acids and FAAs were positively related to the inhibitory effects towards α-glucosidase. These results showed that fermentation by Eurotium cristatum is critical to the formation of certain qualities of instant dark tea.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Y. N. Lee (OMY) is an endemic Korean plant in the family Crassulaceae that is known to contain a variety of bioactive compounds. To assess the physiological activities of an OMY ethanol extract, ABTS
...and DPPH radical scavenging assays and a nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assay were conducted. The phytochemical makeup of the extract was profiled via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC/PDA). The OMY extract was found to have weaker ABTS
and DPPH radical scavenging activities than the control group (green tea). In the NO inhibition assay, the OMY extract induced a significant increase in macrophage cell viability but showed a lower NO inhibitory activity than l-NAME, producing an IC
value of 202.6 μg/mL. The LC-ESI/MS and HPLC/PDA analyses identified isoquercitrin and astragalin in the OMY extract, quantifying their contents at 3.74 mg/g and 3.19 mg/g, respectively. The study revealed possibilities for the utilization of OMY as a future source of drugs for alleviating inflammation and diseases related to reactive oxygen species.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study was conducted to evaluate the probiotic properties, including β-galactosidase and antioxidant activities, of lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi. Two isolates with a probiotic ...potential were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. For comparison, a commercial probiotic strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus KCTC 12202BP, was used. The isolates, Lactobacillus plantarum Ln4 and G72, and L. rhamnosus KCTC 12202BP, were able to survive under artificial gastric conditions (pH 2.5 in the presence of 0.3% pepsin and 0.3% oxgall). The safety of the LAB strains was tested in terms of antibiotic resistance and production of harmful enzymes. Antibiotic resistance was assessed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Assessment with the API ZYM kit showed that none of the strains produced harmful enzymes, such as β-glucuronidase. Among the tested strains, L. plantarum Ln4 showed the strongest adhesion to HT-29 cells and the highest β-galactosidase activity (3320.99 Miller Units). L. plantarum Ln4 was found to have higher 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging (40.97%) and β-carotene oxidation-inhibitory activities (38.42%) than did L. rhamnosus KCTC 12202BP. These results suggest that L. plantarum Ln4 isolated from kimchi may have a probiotic potential and could be used in functional foods.
•Lactobacillus plantarum Ln4 was isolated under harsh condition from kimchi.•L. plantarum Ln4 showed high efficacy, safety, and stability.•L. plantarum Ln4 showed high β-galactosidase and antioxidant activity.•L. plantarum Ln4 could be used as potential probiotics.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
•A novel approach for evaluating enzymatic hydrolysis was proposed.•The necessity of enzymatic hydrolysis for walnut peptide preparation was evaluated.•Walnut protein had high bioactivity and ...digestibility after digestion in vitro.•Alcalase hydrolysis may not be needful for walnut bioactive peptide preparation.
This study aimed to evaluate the necessity of enzymatic hydrolysis for walnut peptide preparation based on a novel evaluation approach. Defatted walnut meal hydrolysate (DWMH) was prepared by hydrolyzing defatted walnut meal (DWM) with alcalase, and gastrointestinal digestion of DWM and DWMH was simulated in vitro using pepsin and pancreatin. The peptide and free amino acid (FAA) contents, angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and molecular weight distributions of DWM, DWMH and their gastric and gastrointestinal digestive fluids were compared. Results showed that DWM could be well digested. High peptide content (21.66 mg/mL) with MW < 3000 Da and more FAAs (8.09 mg/mL) were observed in DWM digests. In addition, DWM digests had high ACE inhibitory activity (42.9%) and DPPH radical-scavenging activity (62.58%), which showed no significant difference when compared with DWMH digests. The above results indicate that enzymatic hydrolysis seems unnecessary for the production of walnut peptides; at the least, hydrolysis with alcalase was unnecessary for producing peptides with significant ACE inhibitory and DPPH radical-scavenging activities.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Synthesis of new thiadiazole amine compounds with N-phenyl, N-2-chlorophenyl, N-p-tolyl, N-cyclohexyl, N-methyl, N-ethyl, N-3-chlorophenyl, N-2-methoxyphenyl substituent groups.•Increasing the ...radical quenching activity by synthesizing new 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amine compounds of α-lipoic acid, which are known to prevent free radical damage as part of the cellular energy cycle.•The presence of the –OCH3 substituent, which provides electrons to the aromatic ring in newly synthesized thiadiazole compounds, causes an increase in antioxidant activity.•All of the new synthesized 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amine compounds show higher DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity than α-Lipoic acid.
In this study, new 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amine derivatives containing different substitution groups were synthesized in order to increase the free radical quenching ability of α-lipoic acid. The target thiadiazole amines were derived from thiosemicarbazide reagent. Structural analysis for the synthesized compounds (1–8) was carried out using modern spectroscopic techniques including FTIR, NMR, EIMS spectral analyses. The antioxidant properties of each molecule were elucidated by calculating% inhibition as well as significant IC50 values using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The antioxidant activities of the compounds were compared against ascorbic acid, a water-soluble antioxidant, and against α-lipoic acid, the starting molecule of the synthesis step, which actually showed a low DPPH quenching activity. While lipoic acid had a reference standard value of 15,625.02±0.96 µM, compound 8 was the compound with the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 433.69±0.04 µM. The obtained data suggested that the (NH) proton in the thiadiazole structure bound to lipoic acid plays an important role in binding to the DPPH radical. This study may provide a source for the synthesis of α-lipoic acid-based thiadiazole derivatives, new compounds with antioxidant properties that can be used in medicine and pharmacy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
