The investigation of the high mountain flora in the Dinara, Troglav and Kamesnica, i. e. the central part of the chain of the Dinarides, was carried out to establish its origin and age. The study was ...restricted to the alpine associations within climatic region of the distribution of Pinus mugo and submountainous Fagus silvática forests; there is no timberline and the high mountain vegetation in this region is caused by local climate, orographic or anthropogenic conditions.
In the study the author brings out the results he obtained in trying to establish the main centres of development of the flora of the quoted Mountains and then its age. Some basic facts and data about the origin of the Dinara Mountains and about the general history of the flora of the wider area of the Balkan peninsula from the Tertiary are briefly stated. The stress is put on the general significance of palaeobotanical and particularly pallynologic research for the knowledge of florogenetic relations. In the absence of fossil proofs the plants classified according to their present actual spread on the earth and good knowledge of systematic phylogenetic relations of individual taxa were in this study the only real basis in determining the genesis of these flora elements.
Selected members of the mountain flora in the region were earlier examined in detail (Volarić-Mršić 1972) as regards their geographic distribution, phytocenological connection and phylogenetic relations
within the genus or section and their variability. Using the geographic systematic method and starting primarily from the flora geoelement whose classification was done earlier (Volarić-Mršić 1972) results of the research are: most of the plants investigated originate from the region of European mountain system (79 taxa), many have their origin in the Dinara Mountains (51 taxa, most of them belonging to the Dinaric geoelement), whilst 23 developed in South-eastern Europe. A small number (12) are from Central Asia and only one from America.
As to the age of the high mountain flora of the Dinara, Troglav and Kamesnica mountains, the author came to the conclusion that it consists mostly of autochthonous tertiary taxa, the additions from later periods being in minority. Also it is stressed that the history of the Dinara mountains flora might have started not before the main folding period of this mountain system, and one should bear in mind that the Dinara Mountains attained their final hight in the Pleistocene.
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The refracted longitudinal wave velocities in the Dinarides area have been determined on the basis of the modified time-term method for the dipping Moho discontinuity. The homogeneity of the Earth ...crust is assumed. The results (ranging between 7.85 and 8.45 km s-1) divide the research area into three parts and confirm the complexity of the Dinarides region. The arithmetic mean of the Pn wave velocities (calculated for the entire Dinarides area) is 8.10 km s-1. This value is comparable to the average velocity of 8.14 km s-1 obtained for the Dinarides region by deep seismic sounding.
U radu je izvršena floristička analiza sastava i građe as. Carici-Centaureetum rupestris iz pretplaninskog pojasa Biokova, te istaknuto značenje as. Carici-Centaureetum rupestris za razumijevanje ...fitogeografskih odnosa primorskog lanca jugoistočnih Dinarida.
Izdvojena su dva pretežita pravca pružanja orografskih osi, povezana s prethodonom najnovijom tektonski aktivnom fazom. Predočen je kinematski model retrogradne rotacije struktura i kojem je ...prepoznat temeljni uzrok lučno svinutih gorskih hrptova. Na temelju opisanog modela interpretiran je morfotektonski razvoj SZ dijela gorskog sustava Vanjskih Dinarida u najmlađoj tektonski aktivnoj fazi.
Summary In the karstic domain, dolines can be used as a sensitive indicator of tectonic activity. Even if the development of dolines is primarily the consequence of the rock nature and climatic ...conditions, its spatial repartition is basically determined by the geological structure. The spatial analysis of dolines allows us the measurement of strain and stress to which the studied area has been submitted during recent periods. The Velebit mountain range, as a part of the Outer Dinarides, seems very interesting due to the numerous- ness of dolines and its recent tectonic activity. This analysis has been realised owing to the centre to centre method (Ramsay, 1967; Fry, 1979) as well as to the projection method (Panozzo, 1984), which were, both adapted to the of dolines.
Résumé En domaine karstique, les dolines peuvent être utilisées comme indicateur des relations entre le relief et les accidents tectoniques. En effet, si le développement de ces formes est dû d'abord à la nature de la roche et aux conditions climatiques, leur répartition spatiale est principalement déterminée par la structure géologique. L'analyse de la localisation des dolines permet donc de révéler les déformations dues aux différentes contraintes tectoniques (compression, extension) auxquelles le terrain étudié a été sujet durant les périodes récentes. Dans le cadre de cette problématique, l'intérêt de la montagne de Velebit (région karstique des Dinarides externes), tient à la grande densité de dolines et à sa dynamique tectonique récente. Cette analyse a été réalisée grâce à deux méthodes : la méthode de centre à centre (Ramsay, 1967 ; Fry, 1979) et la méthode de projection (Panozzo, 1984), qui ont toutes deux été modifiées de telle sorte qu'elles puissent être adaptées à l'étude des dolines.
Le Velebit est parmi les chaînes nord-méditerranéennes une des plus importantes pour plusieurs raisons : rôle de la néotectonique, formes héritées (karst conique, pédiments), nombre de grandes ...dépressions glacio-kars tiques, etc... C'est une montagne forestière (à l'exception de la zone dégradée du littoral) à dissymétrie bio-climatique marquée. Les eaux des poljés de la Lika résurgent aux sources sous-marines (vruljés) et dans celles du bassin de la Zermanja. Les études hydrogéologiques, géotechniques et spéléologiques ont montré l 'importance de la karstification profonde, en rapport avec l 'activité néotectonique, les conditions paléo-climatiques et les flux en transit.
Velebit : typical karst range in Dinarides (Croatia).
Velebit mountain is very important amongst the northern-mediterranean ranges, for several subjects, particularly the part of neotectonics, the relics of the ante-pleistocene forms (cone-karst, pediments), the number of large glacio-karstic depressions... The Velebit is a woody mountain (except the degraded area of the Adriatic coast), with an oustanding bio-climatic dissymmetry. The waters of the rivers, absorbed by ponors in the Lika poljes flow to the submarine springs (vrulja) and in Zermanja basin. The hydrogeological, geotechnical and speleological researchs show the importance of the deep karstification, in keeping with the neotectonic activity, palaeoclimatic conditions and amount of the groundwater flow.