This document is the final report of the ATLAS-CMS Dark Matter Forum, a forum organized by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations with the participation of experts on theories of Dark Matter, to select a ...minimal basis set of dark matter simplified models that should support the design of the early LHC Run-2 searches. A prioritized, compact set of benchmark models is proposed, accompanied by studies of the parameter space of these models and a repository of generator implementations. This report also addresses how to apply the Effective Field Theory formalism for collider searches and present the results of such interpretations.
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We study the impact of anomalous gauge boson and fermion couplings on the production of W+W− pairs at potential future LHC upgrades and estimate the sensitivity at S=14 TeV with 3 ab−1 and S=27 ...TeV with 15 ab−1. A general technique for including next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD effects in effective field theory (EFT) fits to kinematic distributions is presented, and numerical results are given for S=13 TeV W+W− production. Our method allows fits to anomalous couplings at NLO accuracy in any EFT basis and has been implemented in a publicly available version of the powheg-box. Analytic expressions for the K-factors relevant for 13 TeV total cross sections are given for the Hagiwara-Ishihara-Szalapski-Zeppenfeld and Warsaw EFT bases and differential K-factors can be obtained using the Supplemental Material. Our study demonstrates the necessity of including anomalous Z-fermion couplings in the extraction of limits on anomalous three-gauge-boson couplings.
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Testing general relativity and exploring possible departures has received further input with the possibility to do so through gravitational waves emitted in strongly gravitating/highly dynamical ...scenarios and also through the availability of exquisitely sensitive cosmological observations. However, most extensions suffer from severe pathologies at the mathematical level which have stymied a thorough exploration of putative theories. With the aid of a model problem which captures typical pathologies, we explore suggested methods to control them. We find that the approach that modifies the equations to control higher-order gradients is both robust and efficient.
Non‐fullerene acceptors based on perylenediimides (PDIs) have garnered significant interest as an alternative to fullerene acceptors in organic photovoltaics (OPVs), but their charge transport ...phenomena are not well understood, especially in bulk heterojunctions (BHJs). Here, charge transport and current fluctuations are investigated by performing correlated low‐frequency noise and impedance spectroscopy measurements on two BHJ OPV systems, one employing a fullerene acceptor and the other employing a dimeric PDI acceptor. In the dark, these measurements reveal that PDI‐based OPVs have a greater degree of recombination in comparison to fullerene‐based OPVs. Furthermore, for the first time in organic solar cells, 1/f noise data are fit to the Kleinpenning model to reveal underlying current fluctuations in different transport regimes. Under illumination, 1/f noise increases by approximately four orders of magnitude for the fullerene‐based OPVs and three orders of magnitude for the PDI‐based OPVs. An inverse correlation is also observed between noise spectral density and power conversion efficiency. Overall, these results show that low‐frequency noise spectroscopy is an effective in situ diagnostic tool to assess charge transport in emerging photovoltaic materials, thereby providing quantitative guidance for the design of next‐generation solar cell materials and technologies.
Low‐frequency electronic noise is measured in polymer solar cells with fullerene and non‐fullerene acceptors. Charge carrier lifetimes deduced from impedance spectroscopy enable the noise data to be fit to the Kleinpenning model. The results establish that low‐frequency noise elucidates charge recombination processes that limit power conversion efficiency. This correlated analytical tool provides quantitative guidance to the optimization of emerging photovoltaic materials.
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The Drell-Yan process is a copious source of lepton pairs at high energy and is measured with great precision at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Barring any new light particles, beyond the Standard ...Model effects can be studied in Drell-Yan production using an effective field theory. At tree level, new 4-fermion interactions dominate, while at one loop operators modifying 3-gauge boson couplings contribute effects that are enhanced at high energy. We study the sensitivity of the neutral Drell-Yan process to these dimension-6 operators and compare the sensitivity to that of W+W− pair production at the LHC.
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Background: The phenomenon of marital infidelity is a painful experience for the other party, which can make a person suffer psychologically. A review of research shows that women affected by ...infidelity have problems in terms of marital loneliness, emotional Divorce, Alexithymia, and psychological capital and need special attention for psychological interventions. Aims: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of emotion-focoused therapy on marital loneliness, emotional Divorce, Alexithymia, and psychological capital in women affected by infidelity. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a follow-up test period. Among the women affected by marital infidelity in Tehran in 2022, 30 people were selected as available research samples according to the inclusion criteria and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The tools used in this research included marital burnout questionnaires (Pines, 1996), emotional Divorce (Gutman, 2001), Alexithymia (Begby et al., 1994) and psychological capital (Luthans et al., 2007). Data were analyzed with SPSS 23 software and analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of the pre-test and the follow-up test of the experimental and control groups in terms of marital Burnout, Emotional Divorce, Alexithymia, and psychological capital. In other words, EFT reduced marital Burnout, Emotional Divorce, Alexithymia, and increased the psychological capital of women affected by marital infidelity (p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that emotional therapy is effective in improving marital boredom, emotional Divorce, Alexithymia, and psychological capital, and this therapy can be used to improve the psychological status of women affected by marital infidelity.
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17.
Rapidity logarithms in SCET without modes Inglis-Whalen, Matthew; Luke, Michael; Spourdalakis, Aris
Nuclear physics. A,
October 2021, 2021-10-00, Volume:
1014
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
We re-examine observables with rapidity divergences in the context of a formulation of Soft-Collinear Effective Theory in which infrared degrees of freedom are not explicitly separated into modes. We ...consider the Sudakov form factor with a massive vector boson and Drell-Yan production of lepton pairs at small transverse momentum as demonstrative examples. In this formalism, rapidity divergences introduce a scheme dependence into the effective theory and are associated with large logarithms appearing in the soft matching conditions. This scheme dependence may be used to derive the corresponding rapidity renormalization group equations, and rates naturally factorize into hard, soft and jet contributions without the introduction of explicit modes. Extending this formalism to study power corrections is straightforward.
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Background
Since the turn of the century, Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) has come into widespread use in medical and psychological treatment settings. It is also used as self-help by tens of ...millions of people each year. Clinical EFT, the manualized form of the method, has been validated as an “evidence-based” practice using criteria published by the American Psychological Association (APA) Division 12 Task Force on Empirically Validated Therapies. Its three essential ingredients are exposure, cognitive framing, and acupressure.
Objectives
In 2013 we published a paper defining Clinical EFT and reviewing published research. It has been viewed or downloaded over 36,000 times, indicating widespread interest in this treatment modality. Here we update our findings based on subsequently published literature and propose directions for future research.
Method
We performed a systematic review of the literature to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses. Retrieval of 4,167 results resulted in the identification of 56 RCTs (
n
= 2,013), 41 of which were published subsequent to our earlier review, as well as eight meta-analyses.
Results
RCTs have found EFT treatment to be effective for (a) psychological conditions such as anxiety, depression, phobias, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); (b) physiological issues such as pain, insomnia, and autoimmune conditions; (c) professional and sports performance; and (d) biological markers of stress. Meta-analyses evaluating the effect of EFT treatment have found it to be “moderate” to “large.” Successful independent replication studies have been carried out for anxiety, depression, PTSD, phobias, sports performance, and cortisol levels. We outline the next steps in EFT research. These include determining its impact on cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and cognitive impairment; analysis of the large-scale datasets made possible by mobile apps; and delivery through channels such as virtual practitioner sessions, artificial intelligence agents, online courses, apps, virtual reality platforms, and standardized group therapy.
Conclusions
Subsequent research has confirmed the conclusions of earlier studies. These find Clinical EFT to be efficacious for a range of psychological and physiological conditions. Comparatively few treatment sessions are required, treatment is effective whether delivered in person or virtually, and symptom improvements persist over time. Treatment is associated with measurable biological effects in the dimensions of gene expression, brain synchrony, hormonal synthesis, and a wide range of biomarkers. Clinical EFT is a stable and mature method with an extensive evidence base. Its use in primary care settings as a safe, rapid, reliable, and effective treatment for both psychological and medical diagnoses continues to grow.
A novel theoretical approach to the problem of the compositeness (X) of a resonance or bound state is developed on the basis of the expectation values of the number operators of the free particles in ...the continuum. This formalism is specially suitable for effective field theories in which the bare elementary states are integrated out but that give rise to resonance and bound states when implemented in nonperturbative calculations. We demonstrate that X=1 for finite-range energy-independent potentials, either regular or singular. A non-trivial example for an energy-dependent potential is discussed where it is shown that X is independent of any type of cutoff regulator employed. The generalization of these techniques to relativistic states is developed. We also explain how to obtain a meaningful compositeness with respect to the open channels for resonances, even if it is complex in a first turn, by making use of suitable phase-factor transformations. Defining elementariness as X=0, we derive a new universal criterion for the elementariness of a bound state. Along the same lines, a necessary condition for a resonance to be qualified as elementary is given. The application of the formalism here developed might be of considerable practical interest.
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ηNNN and ηNNNN bound states are explored in stochastic variational method (SVM) calculations within a pionless effective field theory (EFT) approach at leading order. The theoretical input consists ...of regulated NN and NNN contact terms, and a regulated energy dependent ηN contact term derived from coupled-channel models of the N⁎(1535) nucleon resonance. A self consistency procedure is applied to deal with the energy dependence of the ηN subthreshold input, resulting in a weak dependence of the calculated η-nuclear binding energies on the EFT regulator. It is found, in terms of the ηN scattering length aηN, that the onset of binding η 3He requires a minimal value of ReaηN close to 1 fm, yielding then a few MeV η binding in η 4He. The onset of binding η 4He requires a lower value of ReaηN, but exceeding 0.7 fm.
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