How do our everyday actions shape and transform the world economy? This volume of original essays argues that current scholarship in international political economy (IPE) is too highly focused on ...powerful states and large international institutions. The contributors examine specific forms of 'everyday' actions to demonstrate how small-scale actors and their decisions can shape the global economy. They analyse a range of seemingly ordinary or subordinate actors, including peasants, working classes and trade unions, lower-middle and middle classes, female migrant labourers and Eastern diasporas, and examine how they have agency in transforming their political and economic environments. This book offers a novel way of thinking about everyday forms of change across a range of topical issues including globalisation, international finance, trade, taxation, consumerism, labour rights and regimes. It will appeal to students and scholars of politics, international relations, political economy and sociology,
Development Zones in Asian Borderlands maps the nexus between global capital flows, national economic policies, infrastructural connectivity, migration, and aspirations for modernity in the ...borderlands of South and South-East Asia. In doing so, it demonstrates how these are transforming borderlands from remote, peripheral backyards to front-yards of economic development and state-building. Development zones encapsulate the networks, institutions, politics and processes specific to enclave development, and offer a new analytical framework for thinking about borderlands; namely, as sites of capital accumulation, territorialisation and socio-spatial changes.
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•Target PAHs, APs, and SOs were detected in all sediments from Yellow and Bohai seas.•Industrial and municipal activities significantly correlated to increased PAHs pollution.•Sources ...of PAHs in China shifted from multiple to diesel and gasoline combustion recently.•Great potential ecological risk was found in Nantong, Huludao, and Qinhuangdao in China.•Chemicals and/or sites of concern varied between China and South Korea and across regions.
The Yellow and Bohai seas comprise one of the most rapidly developing regions in the world, but efforts to assess coastal pollution by persistent toxic substances (PTSs) on wide spatial scale are lacking. The present study aimed to (1) measure the concentrations of PTSs, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylphenols (APs), and styrene oligomers (SOs) via large-scale sediment monitoring (total of 125 locations), (2) assess potential ecological risk of PTSs in sediments to coastal ecosystems, (3) estimate various sources and fresh inputs of PTSs, (4) determine distribution patterns of PTSs by human activities and land-use type, and (5) address decadal (2008–2018) changes in distributions of PTSs. The high concentrations of PAHs > 7000 ng g−1 dry weight (dw) in sediments were detected in Nantong in the Yellow Sea of China (YSC) and Huludao and Qinhuangdao in the Bohai Sea (BS), whereas lesser concentrations (< 200 ng g−1 dw) were detected in the Yellow Sea of Korea (YSK). We found relatively high concentrations of sedimentary APs and SOs in Nantong, Huludao, and Qinhuangdao from the YSC and BS regions, but corresponding concentrations were generally below < 100 ng g−1 dw in other locations. Concentrations of PAHs at 38 locations (30% of YSC and BS) posed a potential risk to aquatic ecosystems, whereas relatively low risk concentrations occurred in all locations of YSK. The main source of PAHs (concentrated in YSC and BS) were by-products of diesel and gasoline combustion (42% of total concentration), whereas biomass combustion (24%) dominated in YSK. Fresh inputs of PTSs indicated that the generation and use of PTSs continue across all regions and locations. Among PTSs, concentrations of PAHs were significantly associated with location (p < 0.05) relative to land-use within a given region, whereas concentrations of APs and SOs showed no significant relationships (p > 0.05) among or within regions. Over time, concentrations of PAHs have generally declined, but sediment contamination has increased at some locations in China, with sources shifting from a mixture of PAHs types to those linked to diesel and gasoline combustion. Additional studies are needed on the fate and potential ecological risk posed by certain PTSs in hotspots. This is one of the first efforts providing backgrounds on PTS pollution in the large marine ecosystem of the Yellow and Bohai seas.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Transforming Gender and Development in East Asia brings together a collection of original essays from top scholars in the United States and Asia to explore the centrality of gender in the process of ...economic development in East Asia. Contributors demonstrate through ethnography, personal narratives, field observation, and in-depth interviews the essential parts women have played in the national growth, economic restructuring, and industrialization of East Asian countries, including South Korea, Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Singapore, and China.
The Dryland East Asia (DEA) is one of the largest inland arid regions, and vegetation is very sensitive to climate change. The complex environment in DEA with defects of modeling construction make it ...difficult to simulate and predict changes in vegetation structure and productivity. Here, we use the emergent constraint (EC) method to constrain the future interannual leaf area index (LAI) and gross primary productivity (GPP) trends in DEA, under four scenarios of the latest Sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) model ensemble. LAI and GPP increase in all scenarios in the near term (2015–2050), with continued growth in SSP370 and SSP585 and stasis in SSP126 and SSP245 in the far term (2051–2100). However, after building effective EC relationships, the constrained increasing trends of LAI (GPP) are reduced by 43.5 %–53.9 % (30.5 %–50.0 %) compared with the uncertainties of the original ensemble, which are reduced by 10.0 %–45.7 % (4.6 %–34.3 %). We also extend the EC in moving windows and grid cells, further strengthening the robustness of the constraints, especially by illustrating spatial sources of these emergent relationships. Overestimations of LAI and GPP trends suggest that current CMIP6 models may be insufficient to capture the complex relationships between climate change and vegetation dynamics in DEA; however, these models can be adjusted based on established emergent relationships.
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•The emergent relationships about the LAI and GPP trends in DEA are robust.•The EC method significantly corrects the bias and constrains the uncertainty of simulated trends from CMIP6 ESMs.•The attempt of EC in moving windows and at the grid scale enriches the spatiotemporal details of constraints.•The greening and photosynthesis trends of the CMIP6 ESMs in DEA are overestimated.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This book uses the notion of "Chinese exceptionalism" as a framework to analyze China's international politics and foreign policy. It argues that China's approach to international relations is best ...understood in the context of these claims to exceptionalism and China's broader political world view. In doing so, it fosters a more comprehensive understanding of China's actions within the realms of foreign policy and international politics, and in the context of the preferred world order, norms and rules that the country seeks to promote.
Shark‐like rays (Order Rhinopristiformes) are among the most threatened families of marine fish, yet little is known about their populations. These rays are normally taken as opportunistic catch in ...fisheries targeting other species and are thus poorly reported. One exception is the Indonesian tangle net fishery, which targets shark‐like rays.
Market surveys of Muara Angke landing site in Jakarta, north‐western Java were conducted between 2001 and 2005, and the landed catch from the tangle net fishery was recorded (the Muara Angke landing site includes landings from more than one fishery).
In total, 1,559 elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) were recorded, comprising 24 species of rays and nine species of sharks. The most abundant species landed were the pink whipray Pateobatis fai and the bottlenose wedgefish Rhynchobatus australiae, the latter being the main target species.
Catch composition varied based on differences in species catchability and may also be indicative of localized declines. The fishery was highly selective for larger sized individuals, while smaller size classes of many ray species, including the target species, were also caught in other Indonesian fisheries, resulting in fishing pressure across all age classes.
The decline of tangle net vessels in the fishery and the potential shift in catch composition in the Indonesian tangle net fishery increase concerns about the status of shark‐like rays and stingrays in Indonesia.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Formosatettix nanjiensis
: Zha & Ding sp. nov. and F. taibaiensis Zha & Ding sp. nov. are described from Zhejiang and Shaanxi provinces of China, respectively. New synonymy is established: ...Formosatettix tianmushanensis Zheng & Li, 2001 = Formosatettix zhejiangensis Deng, 2019 syn. nov. An updated species key to the genus Formosatettix Tinkham,
1937
is provided.
http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E9BF3BCF-D8B3-4A10-8EE7-365EA28A2D6F
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Prevailing beliefs suggest that Eastern cultures hold older adults in higher esteem than Western cultures do, due to stronger collectivist traditions of filial piety. However, in modern, ...industrialized societies, the strain presented by dramatic rises in population aging potentially threatens traditional cultural expectations. Addressing these competing hypotheses, a literature search located 37 eligible papers, comprising samples from 23 countries and 21,093 total participants, directly comparing Easterners and Westerners (as classified per U.N. conventions) in their attitudes toward aging and the aged. Contradicting conventional wisdom, a random-effects meta-analysis on these articles found such evaluations to be more negative in the East overall (standardized mean difference = −0.31). High heterogeneity in study comparisons suggested the presence of moderators; indeed, geographical region emerged as a significant moderating factor, with the strongest levels of senior derogation emerging in East Asia (compared with South and Southeast Asia) and non-Anglophone Europe (compared with North American and Anglophone Western regions). At the country level, multiple-moderator meta-regression analysis confirmed recent rises in population aging to significantly predict negative elder attitudes, controlling for industrialization per se over the same time period. Unexpectedly, these analyses also found that cultural individualism significantly predicted relative positivity-suggesting that, for generating elder respect within rapidly aging societies, collectivist traditions may backfire. The findings suggest the importance of demographic challenges in shaping modern attitudes toward elders-presenting considerations for future research in ageism, cross-cultural psychology, and even economic development, as societies across the globe accommodate unprecedented numbers of older citizens.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
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