This essay mainly discusses the impact of social changes in East Europe, such as political liberalization and ideological shifts, and the causes of the current situation. The conflict between pro ...European and anti-European factions is significant in the challenging European integration process. This caused the appearance of the Right-Wing populism political parties and their radical economic policies, which mainly opposition to European integration, including focusing on the domestic market and employment, anti-immigration, and opposition to economic integration, such as exclusion from the European market. Also, geopolitical factors, such as the fear of Russian influence due to a kind of stereotype, contributed to the complex situation. This led to comprehensive pro-Western policies in some Eastern European countries. The Russian-Ukraine war happening now is seen as a significant example of the pro-Europeanism and anti-Europeanism conflict. The author concludes that the current situation in Eastern Europe results from these complex factors and their interactions.
The EU’s integration history is closely linked to economic challenges, particularly hardship. Over the course of more than 70 years, the economy has played a central role in both the narratives of ...the integration project (as a source of legitimisation) and its various episodes, from the Schuman Declaration to the Green Deal Industrial Plan. This article evaluates the importance of the internal market’s promise of ‘prosperity’ and describes some of the main responses to economic hardship, both failures and successes. Based on these, it concludes with a list of internal and external factors that always seem to be part of the way that further European integration offers answers in times of economic hardship. Given the crucial need to protect the internal market, the role of the EU is to look for (and beyond) what is necessary to supplement and to empower (but not to replace) the role of the member states. If opposing views are channelled towards a synthesis that strengthens the common good and integrates the interests of all stakeholders, economic hardship could ultimately strengthen the EU.
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4.
The Legitimacy of new Regionalism in the European Integration Process István-József POLGÁR; Mircea BRIE (Coordinators)
Analele Universitatii din Oradea. Relatii internationale si Studii europene,
01/2023, Volume:
Supplement of the Annals University of Oradea. International Relations and European Studies, Issue:
III
Book, Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
European borders have gone through allot of changes in terms of understanding the space of a culture, race, religion, city or nation. Growing from physical walls, intense militarized areas to a ...formal understanding of regions with no physical boundaries or restrictions of any kind, the frontier or the border, has been an area of the utmost importance to the different branches of science. The issue of cross-border cooperation in general goes beyond geographical, economic and legal approaches. If we intend to treat the phenomenon from a specific point of view, we will find ambiguities and uncertainties regarding the role and functioning of some institutions in the process of cross-border cooperation and partnerships. The international conference volume entitled „The Legitimacy of New Regionalism in the European integration process”, through its 4 chapters and 30 articles is focusing on, the role of civil society in the democratization and European Integration Process of Central and Eastern Europe; the role of regional, transnational and cross‐border co-operation in the European integration process; security versus openness of borders. Social, confessional and cultural differences between communities and new policy trends and civil initiatives in South Eastern Europe. The present volume contains the papers of the international Jean Monnet conference “The Legitimacy of new Regionalism in the European Integration Process”, held in Oradea between 4th-5th of May 2023, organized by the Department of International Relations and European Studies, University of Oradea with the support of the European Commission.
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This contribution argues that the three dominant approaches to European integration cannot fully explain why the two most recent crises of the European Union (EU) resulted in very different outcomes. ...Liberal intergovernmentalism and neofunctionalism can account for why the euro crisis resulted in more integration, but fail to explain why the EU has been stuck in a stalemate in the Schengen crisis. With regard to postfunctionalism, it is the other way around. To solve the puzzle, we have to consider that depoliticization through supranational delegation during the euro crisis has ultimately led to more, not less politicization. Moreover, both crises were about identity politics. Political controversies over the euro crisis have centred predominantly on questions of order, i.e., what constitutes Europe as a community and how much solidarity members of the community owe to each other under which conditions. The mass influx of migrants and refugees changed identity politics, since Eurosceptic populist parties framed the Schengen crisis in terms of borders, advocating for an exclusionary 'fortress Europe.' In contrary of a more inclusionary discourse, the dominance of exclusionary positions in the politicization of EU affairs has impaired an upgrading of the common European interest in the Schengen crisis.
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This article argues that the perforation of national states by immigration, integration and trade may signify a critical juncture in the political development of Europe no less consequential for ...political parties and party systems than the previous junctures that Lipset and Rokkan detect in their classic article. We present evidence suggesting that (1) party systems are determined in episodic breaks from the past; (2) political parties are programmatically inflexible; and, (3) as a consequence, party system change comes in the form of rising parties.
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The European integration and the challenges of the reorganisation of the world order generates representative consequences on the statal phenomenon and on its interactions with the community ...construction, involving, at the same time, mutations and revaluations concerning certain fundamental concepts such as those of state, sovereignty and constitutionalisation. Born in Europe, the modern state evolves in this context to a new category resulted from the status of member of an integration organisation: the integrated state, with its degraded version, of state with differentiated affiliation. It is not (anymore) as any other state, being characterised by the content of the integration connection, which however does not put an end to the statal diversity (the constitutional, administrative and political systems and traditions being preserved), and any constituent state affirming its own conception about the participation in the EU. The presence of Bulgaria and Romania in the Union - by the existence of the cooperation and verification mechanism (CVM) and the non-affiliation to the Schengen Area - expresses the situation of an incomplete affiliation and the degraded status of integrated state. The dialectical tension between the sovereignty (of the states) and the integration (supranational) is amplified by the implications of the insurection of the national souverainism and of reclaiming, with political content for now, of a European sovereignty, marked by solidarity in front of the global systemic risks. The advances of the project of a „Europe of the future, with variable geography", accentuated by the initiative of the European political community, amplify the challenges of the juridical and institutional practices of the Community mechanism and of the related theoretical reflection.
This Special Issue of the Journal of European Public Policy has two objectives. First, we clarify some ambiguities in the original formulation of the failing forward framework. Second, we analyze ...scope conditions under which we are likely to see failing forward. To achieve these objectives, we bring together articles that engage with the failing forward framework. Some contributions seek to refine the concepts and arguments, others challenge them outright. These pieces assess the applicability of the framework to a range of policy areas, from trade negotiations, competition policy and banking union through citizenship and the rule of law to pandemic response and defense and security policy, thus helping to identify the domains and conditions in which failing forward is likely to occur, and those in which it is not.
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This study analyses the changing effect of physical distance and territorial borders (regional, national, language) on the intensity of research collaboration across European regions. Using data on ...all co-publications between 313 regions in 33 European countries for the period 2000–2007, we find that the bias to collaborate with physically proximate partners did not decrease, while the bias towards collaboration within territorial borders did decrease over time. Our results show that the ongoing process of European integration is removing territorial borders, but does not render collaboration less sensitive to physical distance. Given this general trend, there is considerable heterogeneity between regions and countries in their propensity to collaborate which we attribute to differences in size, quality and accessibility. The findings and conclusions are framed within the context of European research policies.
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10.
ENCUESTA SOBRE EL PODER JUDICIAL López Guerra, Luis María; Rosado Iglesias, Gema; Figueruelo Burrieza, Ángela ...
Teoría y realidad constitucional,
01/2022
50
Journal Article
Open access
Resumen; En esta encuesta un grupo de profesores de Derecho Constitucional contestan un conjunto de preguntas sobre el poder judicial relativas a su grado de independencia respecto a los otros ...poderes del Estado, el Consejo General del Poder Judicial, el estatuto jurídico de los jueces, la participación ciudadana en la actividad jurisdiccional (el jurado y la acción popular) y los efectos sobre el Poder Judicial de la integración europea y la globalización,
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