Sulla collina di Arcetri nasce nel 2005 il "Galileo Galilei Institute for Teoretical Physics" (GGI), il primo Istituto Europeo dedicato a programmi di formazione e ricerca su argomenti di punta della ...fisica teorica. Ospitato nei locali dell'edificio "Garbasso", ex-sede storica dell'Istituto di Fisica di Firenze, il GGI è un punto di riferimento per la comunità scientifica internazionale. Parole chiave. Fisica teorica, attività di ricerca e formazione, scuole internazionali di dottorato. The "Galileo Galilei Institute for Theoretical Physics" (GGI), the first European Institute dedicated to training and research in leading topics in theoretical physics, was founded on Arcetri hill in 2005. Housed in the "Garbasso" building, the former headquarters of the Institute of Physics in Florence, the GGI is a point of reference for the international scientific community. Keywords. Theoretical physics, research and training activities, international PhD schools.
Galileo (1564–1642) incorporated throughout his work the language of battle, the rhetoric of the epic, and the structure of romance as a means to elicit emotional responses from his readers against ...his opponents. By turning to the literary as a field for creating knowledge, Galileo delineated a textual space for establishing and validating the identity of the new, idealized philosopher. Galileo's Reading places Galileo in the complete intellectual and academic world in which he operated, bringing together, for example, debates over the nature of floating bodies and Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando furioso, disputes on comets and the literary criticism of Don Quixote, mathematical demonstrations of material strength and Dante's voyage through the afterlife, and the parallels of his feisty note-taking practices with popular comedy of the period.
In 1638, Galileo was over seventy years old, blind, and confined to house arrest outside of Florence. With the help of friends and family, he managed to complete and smuggle to the Netherlands a ...manuscript that became his final published work, Two New Sciences . Treating diverse subjects that became the foundations of mechanical engineering and physics, this book is often depicted as the definitive expression of Galileo’s purportedly modern scientific agenda. In Reading Galileo , Renée Raphael offers a new interpretation of Two New Sciences which argues instead that the work embodied no such coherent canonical vision. Raphael alleges that it was written—and originally read—as the eclectic product of the types of discursive textual analysis and meandering descriptive practices Galileo professed to reject in favor of more qualitative scholarship. Focusing on annotations period readers left in the margins of extant copies and on the notes and teaching materials of seventeenth-century university professors whose lessons were influenced by Galileo’s text, Raphael explores the ways in which a range of early modern readers, from ordinary natural philosophers to well-known savants, responded to Galileo. She highlights the contrast between the practices of Galileo’s actual readers, who followed more traditional, bookish scholarly methods, and their image, constructed by Galileo and later historians, as modern mathematical experimenters. Two New Sciences has not previously been the subject of such rigorous attention and analysis. Reading Galileo considerably changes our understanding of Galileo’s important work while offering a well-executed case study in the reception of an early-modern scientific classic. This important text will be of interest to a wide range of historians—of science, of scholarly practices and the book, and of early-modern intellectual and cultural history.
The Copernican question Westman, Robert S
2011., 20110702, 2011, c2011., 2011-07-28, 20110101
eBook
In 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus publicly defended his hypothesis that the earth is a planet and the sun a body resting near the center of a finite universe. But why did Copernicus make this bold ...proposal? And why did it matter? The Copernican Question reframes this pivotal moment in the history of science, centering the story on a conflict over the credibility of astrology that erupted in Italy just as Copernicus arrived in 1496. Copernicus engendered enormous resistance when he sought to protect astrology by reconstituting its astronomical foundations. Robert S. Westman shows that efforts to answer the astrological skeptics became a crucial unifying theme of the early modern scientific movement. His interpretation of this "long sixteenth century," from the 1490s to the 1610s, offers a new framework for understanding the great transformations in natural philosophy in the century that followed.
In 1633, at the end of one of the most famous trials in history, the Inquisition condemned Galileo for contending that the Earth moves and that the Bible is not a scientific authority. Galileo's ...condemnation set off a controversy that has acquired a fascinating life of its own and that continues to this day. This absorbing book is the first to examine the entire span of the Galileo affair from his condemnation to his alleged rehabilitation by the Pope in 1992. Filled with primary sources, many translated into English for the first time, Retrying Galileo will acquaint readers with the historical facts of the trial, its aftermath and repercussions, the rich variety of reflections on it throughout history, and the main issues it raises.
Although Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) positioning can achieve high accuracy in line-of-sight conditions, multipath remains a dominant source of error. Multipath occurs when the ...reflected signals reach the receiver in addition to the direct ones. Different systems design can impact the multipath effect, such as the signal modulation and chipping rate. In the context of multifrequency and multi-constellation scenario that we are achieving with four operational global constellations, this paper compares the multipath impact in different signals of GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou. For the experiment, one week of data from 35 Brazilian Network for Continuous Monitoring of the GNSS Systems (RBMC) stations in June 2021 was processed. The multipath index was estimated based on the code- inus-carrier combination. For the first frequency of each system, similar results were obtained for GPS, GLONASS and BeiDou (approximately 56 cm). The Galileo BOC/AltBOC modulation offers better resistance to multipath, with a multipath index of 37 cm for E1 and of 12 cm for E5. Considering all selected stations, the multipath index of GPS L1 varied from 38 cm to 61 cm.
In just one year, Spaceopal and its partners developed the Galileo HAS Performance Characterization User Algorithm for the EU Agency for the Space Programme (EUSPA). The Galileo HAS User Terminal ...(HAUT) hosts the Galileo HAS Performance Characterization User Algorithm. The Galileo HAS User Terminal is a portable, configurable and autonomous device powered by a triple-frequency Galileo and GPS receiver and calculates a single- (Galileo) or multi-constellation (Galileo + GPS) Galileo HAS and Open Service (OS) positioning, velocity and time (PVT) solution. The User Terminal can be configured to retrieve Galileo HAS corrections either from Galileo Signal-in-Space (SIS) over E6-B or Internet Data Distribution (IDD) over NTRIP in an RTCM3 format and works in different frequency combinations that can be configured by the user. The User Terminal is a robust device (IP64) with multiple communication and logging capabilities. The Galileo HAS Initial Service was declared on 24 January by the European Commission, and provides free-of-charge, high-accuracy Precise Point Positioning (PPP) corrections (orbits, clocks) and code biases for Galileo and GPS to achieve real-time improved user positioning performance. The Galileo HAS Service Definition Document (SDD) and the HAS SIS Interface Control Document (HAS SIS ICD) are freely available to users on the web portal of the European GNSS Service Centre and HAS Internet Data Distribution Interface Control Documents (HAS IDD ICD) are available after registration. Using the Galileo HAS User Terminal, this article presents the results of Galileo HAS User Terminal’s performance, configuring the User Algorithm to assume static dynamics. It is to be noted that this configuration provides a significant performance benefit with respect to a configuration compatible with kinematic operation. Preliminary results indicate the Galileo HAS User Terminal achieves excellent accuracy.
