Soybean is one of the most important crops for producing high quality oil and protein. Mineral nutrient deficiencies are frequently observed in soybeans. However, there are few studies to understand ...the absorption process of mineral nutrients in soybeans. Here, we investigated the functions of soybean (Glycine max L.) IRT1.1 (IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER 1.1) in the transportation of mineral elements. Heterologous expression of GmIRT1.1 in yeast mutants revealed that GmIRT1.1 compensated for the growth defects of Δfet3fet4 and Δsmf1 mutants under iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) deficiency conditions, respectively, and enhanced the sensitivity of the Δycf1 mutant to cadmium (Cd) toxicity. Expression analysis revealed that GmIRT1.1 was only significantly induced by Fe deficiency and was primarily expressed in roots. Furthermore, the GmIRT1.1 overexpression lines enhanced Arabidopsis tolerance to Fe deficiency, leading to increased accumulation of Fe in the roots and shoots. Additionally, the transgenic lines increased the sensitivity to Mn and Cd toxicity. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that GmIRT1.1 was localized on the plasma membrane. Moreover, the results obtained from the soybean hairy roots system indicated that the localization of GmIRT1.1 was dependent on the regulation of Fe homeostasis in plant. Consequently, these results suggested that GmIRT1.1 was responsible for the transportation of Fe, Mn and Cd.
•Heterologous expression of GmIRT1.1 in yeast mutants revealed that GmIRT1.1 could transport Fe, Mn and Cd.•Subcellular localization analysis indicated that GmIRT1.1 was localized on the plasma membrane.•Expression analysis revealed that GmIRT1.1 was only significantly induced by Fe deficiency and was primarily expressed in roots.•Results obtained from the soybean hairy roots system revealed that the localization of GmIRT1.1 was dependent on the regulation of Fe homeostasis in plant.•Heterologous expression of GmIRT1.1 in Arabidopsis can enhance plant growth in condition of Fe deficiency, and increase plant sensitivity to Mn and Cd toxicity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Nutrient availability is an important factor in crop production, and regular addition of chemical fertilizers is the most common practice to improve yield in agrosystems for intensive crop ...production. The use of some groups of microorganisms that have specific activity providing nutrients to plants is a good alternative, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) enhance plant nutrition by providing especially phosphorus, improving plant growth and increasing crop production. Unfortunately, the use of AMF as an inoculant on a large scale is not yet widely used, because of several limitations in obtaining a large amount of inoculum due to several factors, such as low growth, the few species of AMF domesticated under in vitro conditions, and high competition with native AMF. The objective of this work was to test the infectivity of a Rhizophagus clarus inoculum and its effectiveness as an alternative for nutrient supply in soybean (Glycine max L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) when compared with conventional chemical fertilization under field conditions. The experiments were carried out in a completely randomized block design with five treatments: Fertilizer, AMF, AMF with Fertilizer, AMF with 1/2 Fertilizer, and the Control with non-inoculated and non-fertilized plants. The parameters evaluated were AMF root colonization and effect of inoculation on plant growth, nutrient absorption and yield. The results showed that AMF inoculation increased around 20 % of root colonization in both soybean and cotton; nutrients analyses in vegetal tissues showed increase of P and nitrogen content in inoculated plants, these results reflect in a higher yield. Our results showed that, AMF inoculation increase the effectiveness of fertilizer application in soybean and reduce the fertilizer dosage in cotton.
Interação de plântulas de soja com rizobactérias benéficas Frasca, Laylla Luanna de Mello; Cristina Rezende, Cássia; Silva, Mariana Aguiar ...
Semina. Ciências agrárias : revista cultural e científica da Universidade Estadual de Londrina,
01/2024, Volume:
44, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Beneficial rhizobacteria are multifunctional microorganisms that stimulate plant growth through direct mechanisms such as the solubilization of phosphorus and potassium present in soil minerals, ...biological nitrogen fixation and production of plant hormones. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of beneficial rhizobacteria on the initial development, promoting growth and resistance of soybean seedlings, aiming not only for increased production but also for agricultural sustainability through the maximization of biological efficiency in the early development of soybean seedlings. The experiment, under controlled conditions, was conducted in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and ten replications. The treatments consisted in the microbiolization of soybean seeds with: 1. Control (without microorganism); 2. Serratia marcenses (BRM 32114); 3. Bacillus spp. (BRM63573) and 4. BRM 32114 + (BRM63573). After the microbiolization of the seeds, they were sown and placed to germinate, after 12 days, the seedlings were harvested and divided into shoots and roots. The roots were washed and photographed with digital camera. The images were analyzed and determined length, diameter, surface area and volume of roots. Then, root and shoot were dried and weighed for biomass determination. Co-inculation, BRM 32114+ BRM63573, promoted greater robustness of the root system of soybean seedlings with increased length (16.2%), diameter (22.5%), volume (43.4%) and dry biomass (29.7%). The dry matter of shoots and total soybean seedlings was superior to the control treatment in all treatments with rhizobacteria. Therefore, plant growth promoting
Estimates and explanations of yield gaps make it possible to increase crop production through improvements in agricultural systems and better crop management. The combination of field data and crop ...modeling allows scaling the efforts needed to close the yield gap. The objective of this study was to decompose the soybean yield gap into its constituents and to quantify the influence of the main limiting factors on soybean yield in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Yield potentials and water-limited yield potentials were estimated by the CSM-CROPGRO soybean simulation model to quantify the yield gaps related to the choice of cultivar and sowing time, water gap, and gap related to other management practices. We used data from a survey of 853 fields reported by farmers over four growing seasons to quantify yield gaps for each field and the influence of management practices on soybean yields. The annual increase in soybean yield in RS depends on improvements in management (44 %), genetic breeding (42 %) and climate changes (14 %). We identified a gap of 995 kg ha−1 attributed to the choice of cultivar and sowing date, 2006 kg ha−1 attributed to water availability during the developmental cycle and 1437 kg ha−1 attributed to management improvements. A yield gap of 2432 kg ha−1 (genotype × environment gap and management gap) can be closed with adjustments in management practices such as choosing the best cultivar, sowing date, soil pH, P2O5 and K2O fertilization, no-tillage, and summer and winter crop rotation.
•The annual increase in soybean yield in Southern Brazil depends on improvements in management (44 %), plant breeding (42 %) and climate changes (14 %).•A gap of 30 % of yield potential can be closed with crop management adjustments.•Negligence at sowing time, choice of cultivars, crop nutrition, plant density and cropping systems cause significant yield losses.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Transgenic soybean lines overexpressing GmHsp90A2 and with GmHsp90A2 knockout by the CRISPR/Cas9 system were obtained.•Heat shock protein 90A2 (GmHsp90A2) was identified as a positive regulator ...under heat stress in soybean.•GmHsp90A2 can interact with GmHsp90A1, and GmHsp90A1 may play a significant role in promoting GmHsp90A2 entry into nucleus.•Overexpression of GmHsp90A2 can reduce chlorophyll degradation and lipid peroxidation during heat stress.
Heat shock protein 90 s (Hsp90s), one of the most conserved and abundant molecular chaperones, is an essential component of the protective stress response. A previous study reported at least 12 genes in the GmHsp90s family in soybean and that GmHsp90A2 overexpression enhanced thermotolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we investigate the roles of GmHsp90A2 in soybean by utilizing stable transgenic soybean lines overexpressing GmHsp90A2 and mutant lines generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The results showed that compared with wild-type plants (WT) and empty vector control plants (VC), T3 transgenic soybean plants overexpressing GmHsp90A2 exhibited increased tolerance to heat stress through higher chlorophyll and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in plants. Conversely, reduced chlorophyll and increased MDA contents in T2 homozygous GmHsp90A2-knockout mutants indicated decreased tolerance to heat stress. GmHsp90A2 was found to interact with GmHsp90A1 in yeast two-hybrid assays. Furthermore, subcellular localization analyses revealed that GmHsp90A2 was localized to the cytoplasm and cell membrane; as shown by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays, GmHsp90A2 interacted with GmHsp90A1 in the nucleus and cytoplasm and cell membrane. Hence, we conclude that GmHsp90A1 is able to bind to GmHsp90A2 to form a complex and that this complex enters the nucleus. In summary, GmHsp90A2 might respond to heat stress and positively regulate thermotolerance by interacting with GmHsp90A1.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Drought stress is a major constraint to the production and yield stability of soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr.. For developing high yielding varieties under drought conditions, the most widely employed ...criterion has traditionally been direct selection for yield stability over multiple locations. However, this approach is time consuming and labor intensive, because yield is a highly quantitative trait with low heritability, and influenced by differences arising from soil heterogeneity and environmental factors. The alternative strategy of indirect selection using secondary traits has succeeded only in a few crops, due to problems with repeatability and lack of phenotyping strategies, especially for root-related traits. Considerable efforts have been directed towards identifying traits associated with drought resistance in soybean. With the availability of the whole genome sequence, physical maps, genetics and functional genomics tools, integrated approaches using molecular breeding and genetic engineering offer new opportunities for improving drought resistance in soybean. Genetic engineering for drought resistance with candidate genes has been reported in the major food crops, and efforts for developing drought-resistant soybean lines are in progress. The objective of this review is to consolidate the current knowledge of physiology, molecular breeding and func-tional genomics which may be influential in integrating breeding and genetic engineering approaches for drought resistance in soybean.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In both arid and semi-arid regions, adopting field mulching can effectively optimize soil moisture distribution, enhance crop yields, and improve water productivity. While acknowledging its ...advantages, field mulching seems insufficient for maintaining high crop productivity due to the increasing frequency of extreme weather. Furthermore, drought often coincides with critical crop growth stages, necessitating the implementation of agricultural irrigation to ensure normal crop growth. Accordingly, we conducted a three-year field experiment from 2021 to 2023 including three typical field mulching methods (no mulching, NM; straw mulching, SM; plastic film mulching, FM) and three supplementary irrigation strategies (irrigated at the branching stage (V4), W1; irrigated at the pod-filling stage (R2), W2; irrigated at both the V4 and R2 stage, W3). Throughout the entire growth period, we monitored soil moisture conditions for each treatment, measured leaf physiological parameters at crucial growth stages, and assessed soybean yields and water productivity (WP). Our findings indicated that, relative to SM and NM, FM maintains optimal soil moisture balance, augments chlorophyll content, and enhances photosynthesis, resulting in an average yield increase of 17.0% and 38.3% over three growing seasons. Additionally, supplementary irrigation also significantly affects the growth and seed yield of soybean. FMW2 achieved the higher seed yield (4307.5 kg ha−1, 3-year averaged), had insignificant difference with the highest seed yield of 4568.6 kg ha−1, both significantly higher than other treatments. Similarly, the leaf area index, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration rate (Tr) also presented insignificant difference between FMW2 and FMW3, while WUEleaf (Pn/Tr) of FMW2 obviously higher than that of FMW3. As a result, FMW2 achieved the highest WP of 12.2 kg ha−1 mm−1 over the three growing seasons, compared to the three-year average of the other treatments, the increase ranges from 5.6% to 46.7%. In summary, the FMW2 treatment optimized water distribution to meet the water demands of soybeans during the reproductive growth stages, achieving a beneficial balance between soybean seed production and WP by regulating leaf functional parameters. Future research will explore more specific irrigation scheduling techniques (e.g., precision irrigation, deficit irrigation, and sensor-based irrigation management systems) while integrating innovative agricultural film materials (e.g., biodegradable films) to further enhance crop resilience and productivity under evolving climatic conditions.
•Both farmland mulching (FM) and supplementary irrigation (W) were used in this study.•FM increases yield by 17.0–38.3% and water productivity (WP) by 15.6–30.1%.•W in pod-filling stage raises yield by 12.0% and WP by 10.8% vs. in branching stage.•FM combined W at pod-filling stage simultaneously achieved higher yield and WP.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Phytic acid (IP6) and its degradation products lower myo-inositol phosphates exert different impacts on nutrient bioavailability and product quality characteristics. However, information regarding ...the occurrence of IP6 and its degradation products is scarce. In this work, simultaneous determination of IP6 and its degradation products in soybeans was developed, with emphasis on analysis by UPLC-MS/MS and a BEH Amide column both with hybrid surface technology. The retention and analyte/metal surface interactions issues were effectively addressed without ion-pairing reagents addition or derivatization. This method was applied to analyze soybeans from China. Total contents were 0.44–13.2 mg/g, and IP6 and its degradation product myo-inositol pentakisphosphate (IP5) were the predominant analytes, accounting for over 99%. Accession type significantly affected IP5 content, and landraces had significantly higher IP5 than cultivars. Geographically, the lowest IP6 was concentrated in the Huanghuaihai region. Significant correlations existed between IP6 and longitude, altitude, and annual cumulative sunshine hours. This study provides comprehensive insights into the IP6 and its degradation product profile in soybeans, which will benefit breeding soybeans based on specific requirements.
•Analysis of IP1–6 was improved by UPLC-MS/MS and an amide column both with the HST•The retention was increased without ion-pairing reagents addition or derivatization•IP6 and IP5 were the predominant analytes, both accounting for over 99%•Landraces had significantly higher contents of IP5 than cultivars•IP6 was significantly correlated with certain geographical and climatic factors
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
O cobre (Cu) é um metal pesado que nas doses adequadas é essencial para as plantas, mas em doses elevadas potencialmente pode ser tóxico às espécies agrícolas. Contudo, a utilização de bactérias ...fixadoras de nitrogênio pode ser uma alternativa para o cultivo de soja em área contaminado com cobre. A tolerância ao excesso de Cu pelas raízes se dá com a imobilização do Cu na parede celular, exclusão ou restrição da absorção, compartimentalização no vacúolo com complexos solúveis. Objetivou-se neste trabalho determinar a influência do uso de bactérias fixadoras no desenvolvimento, resposta fisiológica e na bioacumulação de cobre na soja cultivada em solo contaminado. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 7 x 2, sendo, sete doses de cobre (0, 80, 160, 240, 320, 400 e 480 mg de cobre kg -1 de solo), duas inoculações (com Bradyrhizobium japonicum e sem inoculação - testemunha), com 8 repetições. Avaliou-se a altura da parte aérea, diâmetro do colo, número de grãos por planta, massa seca da parte aérea e sistema radicular, área foliar, área superficial específica de raízes, teores de cobre na parte aérea, radicular e grãos, índice de translocação e tolerância, fator de bioconcentração, coeficiente de bioacumulação, parâmetros da clorofila, número e massa seca de nódulos. A inoculação com B. japonicum proporciona incrementos nos caracteres fisiológicos, na altura de planta, área superficial específica de raízes e no rendimento de grãos da soja em solo contaminado com cobre. A soja apresenta baixa eficiência em translocar o cobre para parte aérea, porém seu teor no grão inviabiliza sua recomendação de cultivo em solo contaminado com este metal.
Climate change since 2012 has had a real influence on the uncertainty of soybean production which has resulted in fluctuating soybean production in Indonesia. The study purposed to: (i) analyze the ...fluctuation of soybean production before and during climate change, (ii) analyzing the factors that affect soybean production fluctuations covering land area (X1), soybean prices (X2), consumption (X3). The type of data used is secondary data, a time series data of soybean production in 1994 to 2019. The data was obtained from the Central Statistics Agency. The analytical method used is trend analysis to analyze production fluctuations. Multiple linear regression analysis to analyze the factors that influence production fluctuations. The results showed that before climate change production trends decrease, during climate change production trends increase slightly. Factors that influence soybean production are land area (positive influence on fluctuations in soybean production by α 5 % means an increase in land area results in an increase in production), price has positive effect on soybean production fluctuations with α 5 % means an increase in price motivates farmers to produce, and consumption has positive effect on soybean production fluctuations with α 5 % means an increase in consumption motivates farmers to produce.
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