An integrated identity is a centralized identifier that makes it possible for customers to get access to a variety of business services from a single network. The risks and assaults include identity ...leaks, centralized management, auditing restrictions, and lengthy breach investigation procedures. The article presents a technique for creating a blockchain-based, integrated identification system in a marketplace by automating and decentralizing the creation and auditing of strong and secure attributes. When individuals engage in market transactions, they act as nodes in a distributed blockchain network, contributing to the development of federated identities. Using a single federated identity, members of this network are able to use any of the participating companies' services. In this, IoT sensors and wearables can automatically log real-time data for you while identifying patterns and flagging problems. The total transparency of all blockchain transactions provides participants the ability to see which services they're using and their users the ability to track the usage of their identities. To test the proposed architecture, implementation done on a public blockchain and a permissioned blockchain (Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Digital health records play a key role in the area. However, it is difficult to obtain a unified view of your data, as it is distributed among different providers, spread over several places, and is ...not integrated. To address these problems, blockchain technology and the openEHR interoperability standard have emerged. Blockchain is a new wave of disruption that has come to redesign interactions that involve any form of exchange of values, with the potential to improve healthcare, bringing a new perspective on security, resilience, and effectiveness of systems. In turn, with the use of openEHR, the standardization of electronic records is guaranteed, offering fine-grained access permissions for stakeholders. In addition to the use of archetypes as a reference to make the templates, where they are integrated to build a module with compatible standards.
Based on an open data framework, OpenEHR, and blockchain technology, this paper has conceptualised a proposed two architectures that will be implemented within a Portuguese hospital, at the ICU, to increase and provide support for clinical decision-making, ensuring interoperability between systems, as well as the veracity, privacy and security of the data being used.
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•Highlight reasons why pharma industry needs blockchain drug traceability solution.•Hyperledger Fabric enabled drug traceability system (Medledger) is presented.•Chaincodes are created & deployed to ...enforce rules for storing state information.•Algorithms demonstrate supply chain functions among stakeholders in Medledger.•Sequence diagrams describe sequence of events between participating stakeholders.•Blockchain related implementation challenges are identified, enumerated & discussed.
Counterfeit drugs are one of the most severe threats to the pharmaceutical industry. World Health Organization (WHO) highlights that nearly 1035% of the drugs, i.e., one out of ten medicines produced in the least developing countries, are counterfeit and have serious side effects on human lives. The upsurge in online and Internet-based pharmacies has made the safety and security of the drug supply chain process more intricate and complicated. This research proposes a new and novel track and trace blockchain-enabled Medledger system that leverages the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain platform using chaincodes (smart contracts). The proposed Medledger system helps to efficiently and securely execute drug supply chain transactions in a fabric enabled private permissioned distributed network of different pharmaceutical stakeholders. Our proposed traceability solution diminishes the need for a trusted centralized authority, intermediaries and provides transaction records, enhancing efficiency and safety with high integrity, reliability, and security that reduces the likelihood of meddling with stored data on the Medledger. Chaincodes are designed, coded, and implemented using sequence diagrams to govern and control the interaction amongst the participating stakeholders in the drug supply chain ecosystem. The proposed system perpetually stores and records all activities, events, and transactions on the blockchain's immutable Medledger linked with peer-to-peer decentralized file systems such as IPFS, Swarm, filecoin, etc. for storing and providing maximum transparency and traceability. We provide an insight into some of the ongoing implementation challenges for the hyperledger fabric platform. Finally, we discuss open challenges that serve as future research directions to improve the drug traceability solutions further.
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Blockchain is one of the disruptive technical innovation in the recent computing paradigm. Many applications already notoriously hard and complex are fortunate to ameliorate the service with the ...blessings of blockchain and smart contracts. The decentralized and autonomous execution with in-built transparency of blockchain based smart contracts revolutionize most of the applications with optimum and effective functionality. The paper explores the significant applications which already benefited from the smart contracts. We also highlight the future potential of the blockchain based smart contracts in these applications perspective.
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Over the past decade, significant technological advancements have taken place, with a strong focus on systems designed to enhance the security and reliability of distributed data across various ...sectors, both public and private. Among these technological innovations, blockchain technology has emerged as a standout paradigm, offering unique characteristics that guarantee data security and reliability in different applications.
The model presented represents a culmination of efforts that trace their origins to the Ethereum platform, restructured to align with Hyperledger Fabric. This transformation elaborated according to the comprehensive analysis of various Hyperledger frameworks involving segmentation, comparison, and selection of components that augment the model's conceptual foundation. The overarching objective of this article is twofold: firstly, to delve into the exploration of Hyperledger technology, substantiating the rationale behind the chosen implementation model, and secondly, to showcase the model's restructuring within the framework presented.
A central facet of this article is a compelling case study that illustrates the transformative potential of blockchain technology in reshaping existing systems and processes. Specifically, integrating Hyperledger Fabric as an enterprise-grade technology underscores its role in facilitating the practical implementation of blockchain solutions.
Ultimately, the primary contribution of this article lies in its endeavour to formalise knowledge surrounding blockchain technology applicability and to underscore its potential societal and organisational benefits. By presenting a well-structured model and a practical case study, this work aims to advance the comprehension of blockchain's relevance and capacity to drive positive change across various domains.
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Ample acceptance of Blockchain Technology in today's business world has increased number of use cases tremendously beyond cryptocurrencies for which it was originally developed. Hyperledger Fabric, ...as an enterprise-grade permissioned Blockchain platform, offers a secure and scalable infrastructure for diverse applications, including financial services. Since performance evaluation of the platform play major role in acceptability of the technology for various applications, in this research article we are presenting a comprehensive performance analysis of the Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain platform with the help of standard benchmarking tool-Hyperledger Caliper for Cross-Border Fund Transfer (CBFT) application and results are validated using existing queuing theory based theoretical model for Hyperledger Fabric. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the most popular Blockchain platform's performance under various workloads and network conditions. By capturing the interactions between network participants and consensus mechanisms, we have presented latency analysis along with the insights into the platform's scalability and efficiency. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of Blockchain technology and aids in the design of more efficient and robust Blockchain-based applications.
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The Philippines’ ICT agenda to promote participatory e-Governance, industry and countryside development, and ICT user protection and information security can be addressed by Blockchain. This study ...used Hyperledger Fabric to develop a Blockchain network for a secured and validated system for issuing, distributing, and sharing digital credentials. For the initial prototype, the network was tested on two use cases: national identification system and academic credentials. Chaincodes were developed for each type of digital credential and deployed into designated Channels in the network. Initial results show that a Blockchain-based system using the Hyperledger Fabric framework is feasible for developing a secure digital credential platform. The current architecture can support the implementation of the initial use cases and can also accommodate the addition of new use cases in the future. The current iteration of our work provides the groundwork for developing a production-level ready platform. Future work for this study includes the development of the end-user web application where users can interact with the network and initiate transactions. The deployment of the Blockchain network may pave the way toward decentralized e-Participatory governance.
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Integrated project delivery (IPD) in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry relies on risk/reward sharing and deferral of parties' profit payments until all project activities ...are completed. A decentralised, automated and secured financial platform is needed to enable all parties to control and track financial transactions, with no unauthorised changes allowed. The new technology, blockchain, enables data to be recorded, has no network participant with dominant power and manages data using specific functions, in line with smart contracts. The present study is the first to develop a framework proposing blockchain technology utilisation in IPD projects. The framework would enable core project team members to automatically execute all financial transactions, through coding the three main transactions of IPD projects: reimbursed costs, profit and cost saving, as functions of the IPD smart contract. To demonstrate the proposed framework's applicability, a “proof of concept” is developed and validated through an IPD case project. The practicality of the built-up hyperledger network (IBM® Blockchain Cloud Beta 2) and the advantages of the proposed smart contract functions are examined. The user-friendliness of the proposed financial system and its efficiency in automating all transactions are demonstrated. No deficiency is found in the blockchain network components. The study's findings, applied in a favourable external context, would facilitate IPD adoption and use across the AEC industry by providing a workable solution to existing financial barriers. The findings extend the horizon for further research on exploring blockchain's capabilities to solve comparable deficiencies to those affecting the AEC industry.
•Developing logical operators to estimate key IPD financial transactions (reimbursed cost, profit and cost saving), applicable to typical scenarios.•Proposing a methodology to enhance financial transaction management and risk/reward sharing practices in IPD.•Creating a toolset through BIM/blockchain integration, to provide an automated financial platform for IPD.•Creating blueprints for blockchain-enabled smart contracts for construction projects•Introducing a use case for hyperledger fabric application in IPD financial management.
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The rise in popularity of permissioned blockchain platforms in recent time is significant. Hyperledger Fabric is one such permissioned blockchain platform and one of the Hyperledger projects hosted ...by the Linux Foundation. The Fabric comprises various components such as smart-contracts, endorsers, committers, validators, and orderers. As the performance of blockchain platform is a major concern for enterprise applications, in this work, we perform a comprehensive empirical study to characterize the performance of Hyperledger Fabric and identify potential performance bottlenecks to gain a better understanding of the system. We follow a two-phased approach. In the first phase, our goal is to understand the impact of various configuration parameters such as block size, endorsement policy, channels, resource allocation, state database choice on the transaction throughput & latency to provide various guidelines on configuring these parameters. In addition, we also aim to identify performance bottlenecks and hotspots. We observed that (1) endorsement policy verification, (2) sequential policy validation of transactions in a block, and (3) state validation and commit (with CouchDB) were the three major bottlenecks. In the second phase, we focus on optimizing Hyperledger Fabric v1.0 based on our observations. We introduced and studied various simple optimizations such as aggressive caching for endorsement policy verification in the cryptography component (3x improvement in the performance) and parallelizing endorsement policy verification (7x improvement). Further, we enhanced and measured the effect of an existing bulk read/write optimization for CouchDB during state validation & commit phase (2.5x improvement). By combining all three optimizations1, we improved the overall throughput by 16x (i.e., from 140 tps to 2250 tps).
Industrial stakeholders have complained that current blockchain systems are too expensive, particularly in temporary endeavours like construction projects. However, while researchers have examined ...blockchain system structure among inter-firm organizations in construction, little research has considered the data redundancy of these systems. This research, therefore, provides insight by modelling data redundancy in construction project blockchain systems. We conduct a series of laboratory experiments on a Hyperledger Fabric blockchain system, discovering that the data volume of a blockchain system grows proportionally with the size of the files to be uploaded, the number of peer nodes in the network, and the frequency of blockchain operations in construction, regardless of the block size or how the peers are dispersed in different construction organizations. Beyond identifying the factors that determine data redundancy of a blockchain system, this research provides a basis for researchers to explore the optimization of blockchain storage and the impacts of blockchain system data redundancy in construction projects. In practical terms, the proposed data redundancy model in this research provides a reference for users in construction who aim to build blockchain systems.
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