Le Lymphome primaire du système nerveux central (LPSNC) est une forme de lymphome non-Hodgkinien, affectant le SNC. Il peut être responsable de troubles cognitivo-comportementaux, avec parfois un ...retard diagnostique.
Décrire les modalités de diagnostic d’une série de patients avec démence rapidement progressive DRP (1 à 2 ans du début de la plainte cognitive aux troubles cognitifs) diagnostiqués comme LPSNC.
Les patients avec une DRP et diagnostic final de LPSNC ont été identifiés rétrospectivement dans la base de données du service de neurologie des Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar. La présentation clinique, l’imagerie et les analyses de LCR ont été relevées dans les dossiers. Les concentrations d’interleukines (IL) 6 et 10 ont été mesurées par cytométrie en flux (technique CBA : « cytometric bead array » ; BD Biosciences, limite de détection 2,5pg/mL).
Neuf sur 53 patients avec LPSNC (4 hommes, 3 femmes) présentaient une DRP. L’âge médian était de 70 ans, avec délai médian diagnostique de 3 mois. Tous présentaient une atteinte cognitive, avec troubles comportementaux chez 8/9. Les IRM cérébrales objectivaient des lésions chez 7/9 patients. La PL réalisée chez 7 patients trouvait une hypercellularité chez 6/7, dont 5 avec méningite lymphomateuse. Le taux d’IL10 était élevé chez chaque patient, avec ratio IL10/IL6>1 pour 6 patients.
Une DRP doit faire rechercher une cause curable de démence, dont le LPSNC fait partie, d’autant que le délai diagnostic impacte cette curabilité. Une IRM cérébrale injectée doit être réalisée. L’analyse du LCR aide au diagnostic de LPSNC par la cytologie ou la cytométrie en flux. IL10 et le ratio IL10/IL6, plus accessibles, peuvent aider à orienter la démarche diagnostique.
Le LPSNC doit être évoqué devant une DRP afin de ne pas méconnaître une cause curable. L’IRM cérébrale et l’analyse du LCR avec notamment le dosage des IL10 et 6 aident au diagnostic
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Le Lymphome primaire du système nerveux central (LPSNC) est une forme de lymphome non-Hodgkinien, affectant le SNC. Il peut être responsable de troubles cognitivo-comportementaux, avec parfois un ...retard diagnostic.
Décrire les modalités de diagnostic d’une série de patients avec démence rapidement progressive DRP (1 à 2 ans du début de la plainte cognitive aux troubles cognitifs) diagnostiqués comme LPSNC.
Les patients avec DRP et diagnostic final de LPSNC ont été identifiés rétrospectivement dans la base de données du service de neurologie des Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar. La présentation clinique, l’imagerie et les analyses de LCR ont été relevées dans les dossiers. Les concentrations d’interleukines (IL) 6 et 10 ont été mesurées par cytométrie en flux (technique CBA : « cytometric bead array » ; BD Biosciences, limite de détection 2,5pg/ml).
7/50 patients avec LPSNC (4 hommes, 3 femmes) présentaient une DRP. L’âge médian était de 69 ans (59–84), avec délai médian diagnostic de 3 mois. Tous présentaient une atteinte cognitive, avec troubles comportementaux chez 6/7. Les IRM cérébrales objectivaient des lésions chez 7/7 patients. La PL réalisée chez 5 patients trouvait une hypercellularité, dont 4 avec méningite lymphomateuse ; le taux d’IL10 était élevé chez chaque patients, avec ratio IL10/IL6>1 pour 4 patients.
Une DRP doit faire rechercher une cause curable de démence, dont le LPSNC fait partie, d’autant que le délai diagnostic impacte cette curabilité. Une IRM cérébrale injectée doit être réalisée. L’analyse du LCR aide au diagnostic de LPSNC par la cytologie ou la cytométrie en flux. IL10 et le ratio IL10/IL6, plus accessibles, peuvent aider à orienter la démarche diagnostique.
Le LPSNC doit être évoqué dans un contexte de DRP afin de ne pas méconnaître une cause curable. L’IRM cérébrale et l’analyse du LCR avec notamment le dosage des IL10 et 6 aident au diagnostic.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Dactylogyrus extensus and Pseudomonas fluorescens are serious pathogens in Cyprinus carpio aquaculture causing severe impacts and substantial economic losses. During the early spring of 2021, ...abnormal mortalities were reported among farmed C. carpio. Moribund fish showed anorexia, respiratory distress, dermal ulcers, and septicemia. The water analysis revealed low dissolved oxygen (3.4 mg/L), and high un-ionized ammonia levels (0.65 mg/L). Seventy moribund C. carpio specimens were collected and subjected to parasitological and bacteriological examinations. The monogenetic trematode D. extensus was discovered in wet mounts from the gills of all the examined fish samples (100%). The identity of recovered parasites was confirmed by sequencing and alignment of the 28S rDNA gene. P. fluorescens was concurrently identified in the infested fish samples (58.5%) based on phenotypic characteristics using the API20 E. The identity of bacterial isolates was confirmed further by sequencing and alignment of 16S rRNA gene. The IL-1β and MHCII were upregulated in infested fish in tandem with the severity of infections. P. fluorescens isolates displayed high resistance to most of the tested antibiotics. The study is one of the earlier reports on D. extensus and P. fluorescens co-infections in farmed C. carpio and highlights the need of effective control programs to protect fish health and minimize losses.
•Dactylogyrus extensus is ubiquitous in fresh water fish farms in Egypt.•Pseudomonas fluorescens is concurrently isolated with Dactylogyrus extensus.•Cyprinus carpio infested with Dactylogyrus extensus are immune compromised in turn vulnerable to bacterial diseases.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•South African plants used traditionally to treat inflammation were tested for the ability to modulate cytokine release in RAW 264.7 cells.•Toxicity of the extracts was evaluated in RAW 264.7 and ...human dermal fibroblasts.•Nontoxic extract does were tested in unstimulated and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and the media was screened using cytokine multiplex bead assays.•Ethanol and aqueous extracts had upregulated the secretion of IL-2 and IL-10 in unstimulated cells, but significantly decreased cytokine secretion in LPS-stimulated cells.•Cytokine modulatory activity of Erythrina lysistemon bark, as well as Warburgia salutaris and Zantedeschia albomaculata leaf extracts were particularly noteworthy.
The use of medicinal plants to treat inflammatory and auto-immune disorders is a common practice in southern African. However, the mechanisms of action related to the traditional use of herbal remedies as immunomodulatory agents remain relatively unknown. This study aims to investigate the cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties of important southern African medicinal plants used traditionally to treat inflammation and pain. Cytokine multiplex-bead assays were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of seventeen medicinal plants against interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) activity. The assay was conducted using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated and unstimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophage cells treated with aqueous and ethanol extracts. The MTS assay was used to determine the percentage cell viability and 50% cytotoxic concentration (IC50) in RAW 264.7 and human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cell lines. The aqueous extracts showed minimal cytotoxicity at the highest concentration screened (5mg/mL). Unstimulated RAW 264.7 cells treated with the plant extracts exhibited immunomodulatory effects by significantly up-regulating the production of an anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 compared to the LPS-stimulated extracts. The aqueous bark extract of Erythrina lysistemon Hutch., as well as the leaves of Warburgia salutaris (G. Bertol.) Chiov., and Zantedeschia albomaculata (Hook.) Baill showed the greatest stimulation of IL-10 and IL-2 production in RAW 264.7 cells. Of note, E. lysistemon showed exceptional results by regulation the levels of IL-10 up to 7000-fold increase compared to the negative LPS unstimulated control. This study provides insights to the possible mechanisms involved in the use of southern African medicinal plants as immunomodulatory agents.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Eosinophils are the most important cell type. They have a variety of functions. Eosinophil as a separate cellular element was first described by Paul Ehrlich in 1879. Their number usually ranges from ...1–4% of the total number of circulating leukocytes. The presence of large specific (secondary) granules is a characteristic feature that distinguishes eosinophils from other granulocytes. Primary granules, lipid bodies are also determined in the cell. Charcot — Leiden crystals are registered in the cytoplasm and granules. Eosinophils are the effector cells of natural immunity. Eosinophils have an ability to rapidly release a vast number of tissue mediators such as granule proteins, cytokines, neuromediators, enzymes and others. It should be noted that some of them are determined only in these cells. The concentrations of many mediators in eosinophils is much higher than in neutrophils. The development of eosinophils is determined by the interaction of a whole complex of transcription factors and cytokines. It is shown that new transcription factors and other molecules involved in the differentiation of these cells to be determined in the future. A more detailed characterization of eosinophil mediators will also be carried out.
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The tissue injury at the early stages of the heat stress response triggers release of inflammatory and oxidative agents from intestinal content into the milieu of the body. Intestinal ...homeostasis (i.e., eubiosis) improves the barrier function and mitigates the gut-derived influx of endotoxins. In this study we have analyzed the mitigating role of embryonic stimulation of the gut homeostasis in chickens on immune and oxidative responses to heat. The animal trial was conducted on broiler chickens. The treatment included a single in ovo injection of the galactooligosaccharides (GOS) prebiotic into the air cell of the egg on day 12 of incubation. Control eggs were in ovo injected with the same volume of sterile physiological saline. After hatching, birds were raised in group pens (6 pens/group, 25 birds/pen). Short-term, mild heat stress was induced on day 32 post-hatching by increase in the ambient temperature above the thermal comfort (30 °C for 8.5 h). The spleen was harvested from randomly selected individuals. The relative gene expression study was conducted with RT-qPCR. The two gene panels were analyzed: (1) immune response genes (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12p40 and IL-17) and (2) stress response genes (HSP25, HSP70, HSP90, BAG3, CAT and SOD). Data were evaluated by the analysis of variance in a 2 × 2 factorial design that included in ovo treatment and ambient temperature as factors. We have found that the immune-related and stress-related gene expression signatures were triggered in animals subjected to heat but with unbalanced intestinal flora (i.e., dysbiotic, without in ovo stimulation with GOS). These animals had increased expression of the genes involved in the immune responses (IL-4 and IL17) and stress responses (HSP25, HSP70, HSP90, CAT and SOD) to short-term heat stress that indicated presence of inflammatory and oxidative mediators (P < 0.05). The individuals that were in ovo stimulated with GOS did not mount the anti-inflammatory or antioxidative responses. Heat shock proteins (HSP25 and HSP70) were increased in both groups challenged with heat, which indicated their role in adaptation to heat.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative bone disease that involves the microenvironment and macroenvironment of joints. Progressive joint tissue degradation and loss of extracellular matrix elements, ...together with different grades of inflammation, are important hallmarks of OA disease. Therefore, the identification of specific biomarkers to distinguish the stages of disease becomes a primary necessity in clinical practice. To this aim, we investigated the role of miR203a-3p in OA progression starting from the evidence obtained by osteoblasts isolated from joint tissues of OA patients classified according to different Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) grading (KL ≤ 3 and KL > 3) and hMSCs treated with IL-1β. Through qRT-PCR analysis, it was found that osteoblasts (OBs) derived from the KL ≤ 3 group expressed high levels of miR203a-3p and low levels of ILs compared with those of OBs derived from the KL > 3 group. The stimulation with IL-1β improved the expression of miR203a-3p and the methylation of the IL-6 promoter gene, favoring an increase in relative protein expression. The gain and loss of function studies showed that the transfection with miR203a-3p inhibitor alone or in co-treatments with IL-1β was able to induce the expression of CX-43 and SP-1 and to modulate the expression of TAZ, in OBs derived from OA patients with KL ≤ 3 compared with KL > 3. These events, confirmed also by qRT-PCR analysis, Western blot, and ELISA assay performed on hMSCs stimulated with IL-1β, supported our hypothesis about the role of miR203a-3p in OA progression. The results suggested that during the early stage, miR203a-3p displayed a protective role reducing the inflammatory effects on CX-43, SP-1, and TAZ. During the OA progression the downregulation of miR203a-3p and consequently the upregulation of CX-43/SP-1 and TAZ expression improved the inflammatory response and the reorganization of the cytoskeleton. This role led to the subsequent stage of the disease, where the aberrant inflammatory and fibrotic responses determined the destruction of the joint.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
9.
Biomarkers in Systemic Sclerosis: An Overview Di Maggio, Giuseppe; Confalonieri, Paola; Salton, Francesco ...
Current Issues in Molecular Biology,
09/2023, Volume:
45, Issue:
10
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by significant fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, with the main involvement of the lungs, kidneys, heart, esophagus, and ...intestines. SSc is also characterized by macro- and microvascular damage with reduced peripheral blood perfusion. Several studies have reported more than 240 pathways and numerous dysregulation proteins, giving insight into how the field of biomarkers in SSc is still extremely complex and evolving. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are present in more than 90% of SSc patients, and anti-centromere and anti-topoisomerase I antibodies are considered classic biomarkers with precise clinical features. Recent studies have reported that trans-forming growth factor β (TGF-β) plays a central role in the fibrotic process. In addition, interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), interleukin receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), transducer and activator of transcription signal 4 (STAT4), pyrin-containing domain 1 (NLRP1), as well as genetic factors, including DRB1 alleles, are implicated in SSc damage. Several interleukins (e.g., IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-35) and chemokines (e.g., CCL 2, 5, 23, and CXC 9, 10, 16) are elevated in SSc. While adiponectin and maresin 1 are reduced in patients with SSc, biomarkers are important in research but will be increasingly so in the diagnosis and therapeutic approach to SSc. This review aims to present and highlight the various biomarker molecules, pathways, and receptors involved in the pathology of SSc.
The tea made with the fruits of Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae; EBN) is popularly used as abortive.
The present work aimed at accessing how the exposition of female Wistar rats to ...1.0 mg/kg of EBN (experimental group, EG), or distilled water (control group, CG), by gavage, at gestational days (GD) 17–21 interfered with the reproductive performance, and with dams’ behavior after weaning.
At post-natal day 2 (PND2), the number of male and female pups was evaluated, as well as their weight. After weaning (PND21), dams were euthanized, and their liver and kidneys were removed for histological and biochemical analyses, while the blood was used in the evaluation of cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, corticosterone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, melatonin, AST, ALT and creatinine levels.
Dams that were treated with EBN showed an anxiety-like behavior, weight loss at the end of gestation and weight gain at weaning, accompanied with a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and in the melatonin level. No significant histological or biochemical alterations have occurred in the liver or kidneys. The number of female pups was significantly higher in the EG. The male pups showed weight gain at PND60.
The presence of cucurbitacins is probably involved in the dysregulations that were found, due to their polycyclic steroid triterpene structure.
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•EBN has diminished melatonin serum levels in female rats at PND21.•EBN has diminished female rats' weight at GD21 and augmented at PND21.•EBN vertical administration augmented male pups weight gain at PND60.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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