The Indonesian nation is currently continuing to develop the strength of the Indonesian Navy’s submarine fleet to increase the deterrence of the national defense system and to ensure the security and ...safety of shipping in strategic maritime routes. The Indonesian Navy submarine is capable of supervising ships sailing or entering and leaving Indonesian waters freely and without being detected by the sonar of warships and submarines of other countries. The limited operational time of the submarine can be caused by several things, both related to the characteristics of the submarine related to the technology used, and the availability of logistics and supporting infrastructure for the submarine’s operations. The Submarine can not continuously dive during its operation to secure and enforce the sovereignty of the Indonesian national jurisdiction. The focus of research is on the determinant influence of infrastructure on submarine operational durability to increase the deterrence of the state defense system at sea. This research uses a qualitative analysis method with the development of thinking through interviews, Focus Group Discussions(FGD), Round Table Discussions (RTD), and semi-structured interviews to obtain data about submarine operational durability.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic but very treatable medical condition. Adhering to the therapy plan is considered one of the biggest challenges for OCD patients, especially when ...communities are insecure due to armed conflicts and political upheavals. This paper documents the results of using social media platforms (especially Facebook Messenger, which provides free internet access) to manage the symptoms of a young female with chronic OCD. The results suggest that social media can be a potentially effective therapeutic tool, mainly in situations where armed conflicts, displacement and insecurity are present and where more traditional customs and conservative norms are sometimes reinforced as a protective mechanism, particularly for women who may be prevented from following the classic person-to-person consultation protocol. Social media, when used skilfully and properly protected, may help overcome the multiple cultural and social barriers that prevent the application of the more traditional treatment protocol. .
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In the aspect of disaster response, the Indonesian Navy has KRI: dr.Soeharso-990 which has been equipped with medical supplies in carrying out the operation task of disaster response in the regional ...area. However, as a KRI which is diversified as hospital-aids ship (BRS), KRI: dr. Soeharso-990 still has several obstacles in the implementation of emergency response operations. Based on the current conditions, it needs a training strategy to develop the capability of KRI:dr. Soeharso-990 during a joint emergency response operation. This study aims to provide an alternative formulation of a strategy to train the capability development using the approach of Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat (SWOT), InterpretativeStructural Modeling (ISM), and aspects of Balanced Scorecard (BSC). Based on the results of the SWOT matrix analysis, the SO Strategy consists of 3 (three) strategic steps; ST Strategy consists of 3 (three) strategic steps; WO strategy consists of strategy step, and WT strategy consists of a strategy step so that all total consists of8 sub-strategies. Based on the results of the elements' classification in the strategy,it was obtained 5 (five) levels of the hierarchical structure. In this hierarchical structure, it can be seen that sub-strategy of ST-3 and sub-strategy of WO-1 were at level V. Meanwhile, sub-strategy of ST-1 and ST-2 were at level IV. Sub-strategy ofSO-2, WT-2, SO-1 were at level III, II and I.
Continuous education is mandatory for all urologists, and undertaking cooperative research is a very effective means for this. We describe the experience and possibilities for continuing education ...for urologists in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. We hope to provide a framework for stimulating urological education and research in other countries where urologists face the same obstacles.
Data were obtained from the perspective of two academics who co-operate with urologists from Iraq, and from the perspective of two officials from the Ministry of Higher education of the Kurdistan Regional Government who are responsible for stimulating continuous education.
Based on a co-operative and supportive attitude of both Government and Academics, urologists in the Kurdistan region of Iraq have brought the standards of education and cooperative research to an internationally competitive level.
The authors hope that the examples given here can stimulate urologists from Arab countries to fully engage in new urological developments, despite the obstacles that they perceive.
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E-government systems world are employed all over the world in an attempt to utilize information and communications technology (ICT) to improve government services provided to a range of stakeholders. ...In employing these systems, governments aim to become more accessible, effective, efficient, and accountable to their citizens. To improve the quality of service delivery to the public, government institutions have to cooperate and manage the shared resources and information flows. The aim of this paper is to analyse one of the established e-government stage models, such as the United Kingdom, and to identify possible opportunities to adopt them for use in the regional governments of developing countries. The study revealed that the analysed model cannot be adopted for use in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) due to various critical issues relating to ICT infrastructure, e-readiness, legal framework, cultural attitude, education level, political process, and others.
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This article examines vocabulary for taste and flavor in two neighboring but unrelated languages (Lao and Kri) spoken in Laos, southeast Asia. There are very close similarities in underlying semantic ...distinctions made in the taste/flavor domain in these two languages, not just in the set of basic tastes distinguished (sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umami or glutamate), but in a series of further basic terms for flavors, specifying texture and other sensations in the mouth apart from pure taste (e.g. starchy, dry in the mouth, minty, tingly, spicy). After presenting sets of taste/flavor vocabulary in the two languages and showing their high degree of convergence, the article discusses some methodological and theoretical issues that arise from the observation of close convergence in semantic structure across languages, in particular the issue of how much inter-speaker variation is possible not only across apparently highly convergent systems, but also within languages. The final section raises possible causes for the close convergence of semantic structure in the two languages. The conclusion is that the likely cause of this convergence is historical social contact between speech communities in the area, although the precise mode of influence (e.g. direction of transmission) is unknown.
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This paper proposes a new index of Key Risk Indicators (KRI) as an effective framework for the measurement, management, and supervision of operational risks. In doing so, this paper collects thirty ...core KRI`s with unified definitions for the January 2007 - June 2010 period from six large Korean advanced measurement approach (AMA) banks. The core KRI`s are selected in such a way to account for the operational risk types categorized by Basel II and the number of assigned core KRI`s to each operational risk type is intended to mimic the observed pattern of the actual operational losses experienced by large banks during the 2004- 2009 period. The historical banking industry operational risk index (ORI) suggests a downward trend since the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy, and particularly during the first half of 2009, reflecting in part, banks` tighter implementations of operational risk management to survive through a crisis, and thereof economic recession, and in part, tighter monitoring by the supervisors as part of micro-prudential surveillance during a crisis. The empirical results indicate that 35 percent of the variation of 6-month-ahead actual loss events is explained by the current banking industry ORI suggesting its potential usefulness as an early warning system for the state of operational risks. Further, the results suggest that the individual banks` operational risks are closely related to the characteristics of their portfolios.
Carl von Clausewitz defines war as a fight. Bernd Hüppauf's foundation of a cultural history of war objects: There is no war without discourse. Looking at war discourse from its beginnings in ...Mesopotamia to the intelligent weapons of cyber and drone warfare shows that war consists of military fighting and cultural discourse. Military history fetishizes facts, while a cultural history of war integrates them into a web of meanings. Only this brings enthusiasm, fear, cruelty, and horror into view as elements of war. And only this makes it possible to describe the web of symbols, actions, and meanings from which every memory construes the reality of war. Looking at experience, ethics, subjectivity, and identity is what reveals the continuity of war through 3000 years of war history to the present day. This results in nothing less than the necessity of a yet-to-be-written morality of feelings for the question: Are soldiers even allowed to kill?
Of all the scholarly work on the countryside done in pre-1917 Russia and in the Soviet Union in the 1920s, that of L.N. Kritsman and those influenced by him - the so-called 'Agrarian Marxists' - is ...perhaps the least well known. However, that work was of extremely high quality and very original. Its significance is more than historical, since it has great relevance to the study of peasantries in contemporary poor countries - especially to the analysis of peasant differentiation. This volume, first published in 1984, has been prepared by two specialists who have been working on Kritsman and the Agrarian Marxists for several years, and will help dispel ignorance of this important body of writing. It consists of two substantial essays, and an abridged translation of one of Kritsman's most important works: Class Differentiation of the Soviet Countryside (first published in 1926 and never before translated into English).
Članak pruža uvid u srednjovjekovnu proslavu Velikog petka u Rimu, jer tek u srednjovjekovnim izvorima nalazimo jasno formiranu proslavu Velikog petka. Na samom početku daje se promišljanje o velikom ...otajstvu križa koje je razgolilo sav grijeh i zlo koje i danas pritišće cijelo čovječanstvo. Budući da je literatura o zadanoj temi na hrvatskom jeziku oskudna, bila je potreba istražiti prve izvore, usporediti ih, te prikazati njihove sličnosti i različitosti. U prvom dijelu rada obrađuje se ime Velikog petka u različitim rimskim izvorima koje je izvedeno po različitim kriterijima. Drugi dio rada predstavlja jezgru rimske proslave, tj. Sacramentarium Gelasianum i Ordo Romanus XXIII., izvore koji su do danas ostavili utjecaj na samu proslavu Velikog petka. Treći dio govori o razvoju liturgije Velikog petka do Missale Romanum iz 1570. godine koji je konačna točka srednjovjekovne proslave u Rimu. U posljednjem dijelu istraživanja obrađeni su pojedini i najvažniji elementi liturgije Velikog petka, odnosno služba riječi, čašćenje križa i pričest. U zaključku autor sažima cijeli članak i stavlja poseban naglasak na jedinstvo proslave, odnosno na cijeli pashalni misterij.
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