Pese a los avances diagnósticos y terapéuticos, hasta un 50% de los pacientes ingresados por insuficiencia cardiaca presentan congestión al alta. Tanto la congestión persistente como la resistencia ...diurética se asocian con un peor pronóstico. La combinación de suero salino hipertónico y diurético de asa ha mostrado en diferentes estudios resultados prometedores. Sin embargo, continúa sin lograr un uso estandarizado, en parte por la gran heterogeneidad en la concentración de cloruro sódico de la solución, la dosis de diurético o la cantidad de sodio en la dieta. Clásicamente se ha postulado el movimiento de agua del espacio intracelular gracias al aumento de la osmolaridad extracelular como el principal mecanismo implicado. Sin embargo, el déficit de cloro se postula como el principal regulador al alza de los cambios en el volumen plasmático, pudiendo ser su corrección el principal mecanismo implicado. Este abordaje «cloro-centrista» de la insuficiencia cardiaca abre la puerta a estrategias terapéuticas que incluirían diuréticos que corrijan la hipocloremia, así como el aporte de cloro libre de sodio.
Up to 50% of patients admitted for heart failure have congestion at discharge despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances. Both persistent congestion and diuretic resistance are associated with worse prognosis. The combination of hypertonic saline and loop diuretic has shown promising results in different studies. However, it has not yet achieved a standardized use, partly because of the great heterogeneity in the concentration of sodium chloride, the dose of diuretic or the amount of sodium in the diet. Classically, the movement of water from the intracellular space due to an increase in extracellular osmolarity has been postulated as the main mechanism involved. However, chloride deficit is postulated as the main up-regulator of plasma volume changes, and its correction may be the main mechanism involved. This ‘chloride centric’ approach to heart failure opens the door to therapeutic strategies that would include diuretics to correct hypochloremia, as well as sodium free chloride supplementation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect and correlation of boiled, deep-fried and roast thermal processing on N
ε
-carboxymethyllysine and N
ε
-carboxyethyllysine formation in prepared ...chicken breast. The three heat processing results indicated that oxidation was one main reason to affect advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation. For boiled and deep-fried, protein and lipid oxidation could promote the AGEs (P < 0.05), while protein oxidation may inhibit AGEs formation by roast processing (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Maillard reaction showed an important effect on L*, a* and b* values, and the content of AGEs could be easily determined by the changes of meat color. As conclusion, Maillard reaction and oxidation were two key factors to influence the AGEs formation in prepared chicken breast by thermal processing.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
SUMMARY Other than crude protein (CP), crude energy (CE) and crude fiber (CF) content, the adequate supply of essential amino acids (EAA) is an important factor in milk replacer evaluation. The aim ...of this study was to analyze milk replacer samples as regard to nutrients, especially EAA, composition and simulate the attainability of calves' requirements in different feeding systems. Forty-one milk replacer samples were collected from 14 brands and analyzed for nutrient composition. The near infrared spectroscopy technique was used for AA content estimation. Samples presented adequate levels of CP (21.2±2.90%) and ether extract (14.5±3.41%) for calves fed according to the conventional (4L/d), but not for intensive milk feeding system (>6L/d). High values of CF were observed in the samples (1.6±0.86%). The EAA composition of milk replacer samples was lower than expected for a liquid feed supposed to replace whole milk. None of the analyzed samples presented adequate lysine (5.72±1.09% CP) or methionine (1.65±0.38% CP) to meet calves' daily requirements, regardless of feeding system. Higher crude protein milk replacers are needed. Alternatively, supplementation of milk replacers with EAA is recommended.
RESUMO Além da proteína bruta (PB), gordura (EE) e teor de fibra bruta (FB), o suprimento adequado de aminoácidos essenciais (AAE) é um fator importante na avaliação de sucedâneos lácteos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar amostras de sucedâneos lácteos quanto a sua composição em nutrientes e simular o atendimento das exigências de AEE de bezerros em diferentes sistemas de aleitamento. Quarenta e uma amostras de sucedâneos foram coletadas de 14 marcas e analisadas quanto à composição em nutrientes. A técnica de espectroscopia de infravermelho próximo foi utilizada para estimativa de conteúdo de AAE. As amostras apresentaram níveis adequados de PB (21,2 ± 2,90%) e EE (14,5 ± 3,41%) para bezerros aleitados de acordo com o sistema de alimentação convencional (4L/d), mas não para sistema intensivo (> 6L/d). Foram observados valores elevados de FB (1,6 ± 0,86%). A composição em EAA dos sucedâneos foi menor que o esperado para dieta líquida que substitui o leite integral. Nenhuma das amostras analisadas apresentou concentração adequada de lisina (5,72 ± 1,09% PB) ou metionina (1,65 ± 0,38% PB) para atender as exigências diárias dos bezerros, independentemente do sistema de aleitamento. É clara a necessidade de sucedâneos com maior teor de PB. Alternativamente, recomenda-se a suplementação de sucedâneos lácteos com AAE.
Teripang merupakan komoditas penting di Indonesia yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan, namun eksplorasi terhadap kandungan nutrisinya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis, ...kandungan asam amino, dan asam lemak teripang segar asal perairan Indonesia. Sebanyak enam jenis teripang segar diperoleh dari berbagai lokasi yaitu Lampung, Gorontalo, Maluku Utara, dan Bali. Identifikasi spesies teripang dilakukan secara molekuler dengan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), dan hasil sekuensing dibandingkan dengan basis data Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). Analisis profil asam amino dan asam lemak berturut-turut dilakukan menggunakan Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) dan Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa teripang alolo, cera merah, lolosong, cera hitam, dan pasir berturut-turut adalah Bohadschia marmorata, Holothuria edulis, H. impatiens, H. atra, dan H. scabra (alam dan budidaya). Kandungan asam amino non esensial (AANE) pada keenam sampel teripang didominasi oleh glisina dan asam glutamat, sedangkan asam amino esensial (AAE) tertinggi adalah treonina. Total asam amino tertinggi pada H. edulis yaitu 8,87 g/100g. Nilai rasio lisina/arginina pada semua sampel teripang <1,00. Asam lemak total tertinggi pada H. scabra alam dan budidaya (0,41%). H. atra, H. scabra alam, dan B. marmorata didominasi oleh asam lemak jenuh (ALJ), sedangkan H. scabra budidaya, H. edulis dan H. impatiens didominasi oleh asam lemak tak jenuh ganda (ALTJG). Rasio ALTJG/ALJ pada H. edulis, H. scabra budidaya, dan H. impatiens >1,00, sedangkan pada H. atra, H. scabra alam, dan B. marmorata sebesar <1,00. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa H. edulis dan H. impatiens memenuhi persyaratan nutrasetika. ABSTRACT Sea cucumber is an important Indonesian commodity with various health benefits. However, the reports on their nutrition content are still limited. This study aimed to identify several Indonesian sea cucumbers and determine their amino acid and fatty acid profiles. The fresh sea cucumbers were obtained from Lampung, Gorontalo, North Maluku, and Bali. Species identification was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. The sequencing results were matched to the Basic Local Alignment Search Tools (BLAST) database. The determination of amino acid and fatty acid contents was performed using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Alolo, cera merah, lolosong, cera hitam, and pasir were identified as Bohadschia marmorata, Holothuria edulis, H. impatiens, H. atra, and H. scabra (wild and cultured), respectively. Non-essential amino acids (NEAA) in the samples were dominated by glycine and glutamic acid. The highest Essential Amino Acid (EAA) was threonine. H. edulis contained the highest total amino acid, i.e., 8.87 g/100 g. The lysine/arginine ratios in all samples were <1.00. The highest total fatty acid was wild and cultured H. scabra (0.41%). The fatty acids of H. atra, wild H. scabra, and B. marmorata were dominated by saturated fatty acid (SFA). In contrast, in the cultured H. scabra, H. edulis, and H. impatiens were dominated by polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/SFA. The PUFA/SFA ratio of H. edulis and H. impatiens was >1.00, while the H. atra, wild H. scabra, and B. marmorata were <1.00. Based on this result, it is concluded that H. edulis and H. impatiens are potential for nutraceutical ingredients.
A evolução do melhoramento genético das linhagens de frangos de corte, permitiu ganhos expressivos no ganho de peso, rendimento de peito e conversão alimentar, tornando a avicultura industrial uma ...das cadeias produtivas mais competitivas do país. Considerando que a nutrição é responsável pela maior parcela dos custos de produção, a formulação de dietas balanceadas é de extrema importância para proporcionar máxima eficiência alimentar e melhor desempenho produtivo. O surgimento dos aminoácidos industriais a preços acessíveis, permitiu a elaboração de rações com base no conceito de proteína ideal, que tem como objetivo reduzir o teor de proteína bruta das rações e fornecer um perfil de aminoácidos que mais se aproxime as necessidades das aves, melhorando dessa forma, o aproveitamento dos nutrientes e diminuindo a excreção de nitrogênio dietético no ambiente. Tais efeitos, proporcionam maiores benefícios econômicos para os produtores e menor poluição ambiental. No entanto, para que os objetivos do conceito de proteína ideal sejam alcançados, é importante ter conhecimento preciso das exigências dos aminoácidos, atender a ordem de limitação dos mesmos, além de fornecer um balanço adequado entre os aminoácidos nutricionalmente essenciais e não essenciais. Sendo assim, o objetivo dessa revisão foi demonstrar a importância dos aminoácidos na formulação das dietas para frangos de corte, bem como uma abordagem dos aspectos gerais dos primeiros aminoácidos limitantes para aves, sendo eles a metionina e a lisina.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Optimizing aquaculture production requires better knowledge of growth regulation and improvement in diet formulation. A great effort has been made to replace fish meal for plant protein sources in ...aquafeeds, making necessary the supplementation of such diets with crystalline amino acids (AA) to cover the nutritional requirements of each species. Lysine and Leucine are limiting essential AA in fish, and it has been demonstrated that supplementation with them improves growth in different species. However, the specific effects of AA deficiencies in myogenesis are completely unknown and have only been studied at the level of hepatic metabolism. It is well-known that the TOR pathway integrates the nutritional and hormonal signals to regulate protein synthesis and cell proliferation, to finally control muscle growth, a process also coordinated by the expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). This study aimed to provide new information on the impact of Lysine and Leucine deficiencies in gilthead sea bream cultured myocytes examining their development and the response of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), MRFs, as well as key molecules involved in muscle growth regulation like TOR. Leucine deficiency did not cause significant differences in most of the molecules analyzed, whereas Lysine deficiency appeared crucial in IGFs regulation, decreasing significantly IGF-I, IGF-II and IGF-IRb mRNA levels. This treatment also down-regulated the gene expression of different MRFs, including Myf5, Myogenin and MyoD2. These changes were also corroborated by a significant decrease in proliferation and differentiation markers in the Lysine-deficient treatment. Moreover, both Lysine and Leucine limitation induced a significant down-regulation in FOXO3 gene expression, which deserves further investigation. We believe that these results will be relevant for the production of a species as appreciated for human consumption as it is gilthead sea bream and demonstrates the importance of an adequate level of Lysine in fishmeal diet formulation for optimum growth.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
There are not methods for direct biobased synthesis of caprolactam (CPL), the combination of biotechnological production of renewableraw materials with physical and chemical modifications are ...emerging and showing promising results. Among these raw materials there are someacids: adipic, glucaric, glutamic, levulinic, succinic, muconic, 2,5-furanicarboxylic, 6-aminocaproic; and other compounds: adiponitrile, lysine, 1,3-butadiene, 1,4-butanediol, Hydroxymethylfurfural, adipic semialdehyde, benzene, phenol and ethanol. There are barriers that have not allowedthe viability and commercial development of these processes, such as limitationson the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass, high-energy requirements for separation of products, low yield, biological inhibition, limited chemical selectivity and low purity of products. Research and development efforts of any of these processes were not identified in Colombia. The route through the lysine is the most promising by involving few reaction stages, by having economic raw materials and because it is carried out under moderate operating conditions.
No existen métodos para la síntesis biobasada directa de la caprolactama (CPL), la combinación de la producción biotecnológica de materias primas renovables con modificaciones por procesos físicos y químicos están emergiendo y mostrando resultados prometedores. Entre estas materias primas se encontraron los ácidos adípico, glucárico, glutámico, levulínico, succínico, mucónico, 2,5-furandicarboxílico, 6-aminocapróico, adiponitrilo, lisina, 1,3-butadieno, 1,4-butanodiol, hidroximetilfurfural, semialdehído adípico, benceno, fenol y etanol. Hay barreras que no han permitido la viabilidad y desarrollo comercial de estos procesos, como las limitaciones en torno al fraccionamiento de la biomasa lignocelulósica, altos requerimientos de energía para separación de productos de poco rendimiento, inhibición biológica, selectividad química limitada y baja pureza de los productos. En Colombia no se identificaron esfuerzos de investigación y desarrollo de ninguno de estos procesos. La ruta a través de la lisina es la más prometedora al involucrar pocas etapas de reacción, tener materias primas económicas y llevarse a cabo bajo condiciones de operación moderadas.
The objective of this work was evaluate the best nutritional program for growing pigs, between five comercial diets with different levels of protein (high, medium and low), chrome picolinate and ...ractopamine for finishing pigs. Performance, carcass, economy and meat quality were evaluated. Seventy pigs (Pen Ar Lan) were used (35 barrows and 35 gilts) with initial weight ± standard deviation of 25.22 ± 2.5 kg and were slaughtered with final weight plus standard deviation of 119.08 ± 6.0kg. Difference between high protein and low protein + chrrome was observed to feed convertion during growth phases, with high protein showing better results. Difference was observed during finishing phase II to daily gain, showing better results for ractopamine over low protein. Muscle and fat deposition over carcass showed better results for ractopamine against low protein only. Lower levels of drip loss was observed for low protein and ractopamine treatments against higher levels of protein treatments. Ractopamine also showed the best cost when compared with all treatments and was the best nutritional program studied.O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o melhor programa nutricional para suínos em engorda, entre cinco formulações comerciais a partir do uso de diferentes níveis de proteína total (alta, média e baixa), picolinato de cromo (Cr) e ractopamina (Rac) no final da terminação. Os tratamentos foram avaliados para desempenho, características de carcaça, aspectos econômicos e qualidade de carne. Foram utilizados 70 suínos de linhagem comercial Pen Ar Lan (35 machos castrados e 35 fêmeas) com peso médio inicial ± desvio padrão de 25,22 ± 2,5 kg e peso final de abate ± desvio padrão de 119,08 ± 6,0kg. Para as fases iniciais de crescimento, foi observada diferença para a conversão alimentar com a ração com alta proteína apresentando melhor conversão alimentar em relação à ração com picolinato de cromo. Para a fase de terminação II, foi observada diferença no ganho diário de peso, com o programa com ractopamina apresentando melhores resultados apenas em relação ao programa com baixa proteína. Também houve diferença na deposição de músculo e gordura na carcaça em favor da ractopamina, quando comparada com a ração de baixa proteína. Observou-se diferença para a perda de água por gotejamento para ractopamina e baixa proteína em relação aos maiores níveis desse nutriente. A ractopamina também mostrou-se a mais eficiente economicamente. Para os aspectos estudados neste trabalho, entre os programas nutricionais testados, a ractopamina mostrou-se a mais eficiente.
BACKGROUND: KDM lysine demethylase family members are related to lung cancer clinical outcomes and are potential biomarkers for chemotherapeutics. However, little is known about epigenetic ...alterations in KDM genes and their roles in lung cancer survival. METHODS: Tumor tissue samples of 1230 early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients were collected from the five independent cohorts. The 393 methylation sites in KDM genes were extracted from epigenome-wide datasets and analyzed by weighted random forest (Ranger) in discovery phase and validation dataset, respectively. The variable importance scores (VIS) for the sites in top 5% of both discovery and validation sets were carried forward for Cox regression to further evaluate the association with patient's overall survival. TCGA transcriptomic data were used to evaluate the correlation with the corresponding DNA methylation. RESULTS: DNA methylation at sites cg11637544 in KDM2A and cg26662347 in KDM1A were in the top 5% of VIS in both discovery phase and validation for squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), which were also significantly associated with SCC survival (HRcg11637544 = 1.32, 95%CI, 1.16-1.50, P = 1.1 × 10-4; HRcg26662347 = 1.88, 95%CI, 1.37-2.60, P = 3.7 × 10-3), and correlated with corresponding gene expression (cg11637544 for KDM2A, P = 1.3 × 10-10; cg26662347 for KDM1A P = 1.5 × 10-5). In addition, by using flexible criteria for Ranger analysis followed by survival classification tree analysis, we identified four clusters for adenocarcinomas and five clusters for squamous cell carcinomas which showed a considerable difference of clinical outcomes with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the association between somatic DNA methylation in KDM genes and early-stage NSCLC patient survival, which may reveal potential epigenetic therapeutic targets.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
10.
Lisina total, digestible y reactiva digestible en harina de pescado Lourdes Gutiérrez Coronado; Leticia García Rico; Francisco Vázquez Ortiz ...
Revista científica (Universidad del Zulia. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. División de Investigación),
04/2010, Volume:
18, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
El objetivo del estudio fue determinar y comparar lisina total, lisina reactiva, lisina total digestible y lisina reactiva digestible en harina de pescado peletizada (HPP) y extrusionada (HPE), ésta ...última como indicador de disponibilidad de lisina, la cual puede afectarse por almacenamiento prolongado o por procesamiento térmico inadecuado. Se utilizaron 29 ratas Sprague-Dawley (Rattus norvergicus) de 100 Ó 5 g de peso promedio, alojadas individualmente bajo condiciones controladas. Nueve ratas se alimentaron con una dieta a base de caseína hidrolizada enzimáticamente (CHE); las 20 ratas restantes se dividieron en dos grupos de diez y se alimentaron durante 16 días, con una dieta a base de HPP y HPE, respectivamente, con óxido de cromo como marcador indigestible. Las ratas se sacrificaron con cloroformo confinadas en un desecador y en cada una se retiró una porción de 20 cm del íleon por perfusión intraluminal con agua destilada. En HPP y HPE, en las dietas y en las digestas se determinó cromo por absorción atómica, mientras que lisina total y lisina reactiva, después de la reacción con O-metilisourea para formar homoarginina, por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución. La digestibilidad ileal verdadera de lisina reactiva fue determinada después de corregir por pérdida endógena de lisina de las ratas alimentadas con CHE seguida por ultrafiltración de la digesta (10,000 Da). El contenido de lisina total para HPP y HPE fue de 5,7 y 5,5% y de lisina reactiva 5,1 y 4,4%, respectivamente. El contenido de lisina digestible fue de 5,5% y 5,1% y de lisina reactiva digestible de 4,5 y 3,8%, respectivamente. La lisina digestible sobreestimó el contenido de lisina en un 22,2% para HPP y en un 34,2% para HPE. El valor de lisina reactiva digestible de HPP fue similar al de lisina disponible reportado de 4,2 y 4,3%. La determinación de lisina reactiva digestible es un indicador confiable de su disponibilidad.
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