Sunflower meal protein as a feed for broilers Levic, J.D; Sredanovic, S.A; Djuragic, O.M.(University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad (Serbia and Montenegro). Faculty of Technology, Feed Technology Department)
Acta Periodica Technologica (Serbia and Montenegro),
(2005), Volume:
36
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The paper provides an overview of the nutritional aspects associated with the utilization of sunflower meal in broiler diets. The gain the maximum benefit from this feed ingredient, some of the ...characteristics of sunflower meal must be considered. In broiler diets, it is recommended that only high-quality decellulosed sunflower meal be used. Our own results and a broad variety of published reports have thus been consulted. Experiments with high protein sunflower meal in broiler diets have shown that sunflower meal can successfully replace soybean meal, provided that diets are supplemented with adequate amounts of lysine and energy. Consequently, the inclusion of sunflower meal in broiler diets may vary depending on the fiber content of the meal, the lysine and/or energy supplementation of the diet.
The experiments comprised 60 fattening pigs of the Danube White breed. The animals were equally divided into three groups of 10 (6 castrated males and 4 females).The experiments began after weaning ...the pigs at 8 kg live weight and finished after reaching 110 kg live weight. The animals from the control and experimental groups, during the three sub-periods, were given compound feeds with equal level of metabolizable energy, protein, methionine+cystine, tryptophane and threonine, but with different lysine level.The lysine content in the compound feeds for group II and III during the first sub-period was increased by 0.2% and 0.4% compared to group I.The higher lysine content in the compound feeds at equal level of metabolizable energy and protein showed a trend for gain increase by 2.15 ands 2.94%.
Four multiparous Holstein cows with, ruminal and duodenal cannulas were assigned to 4 X 4 Latin squares at peak (wk 4), early (wk 14 to 16), mid (wk 21 to 23), and late (wk 29 to 31) lactation to ...determine, in the presence of supplemental Met, the extent of Lys limitation and its required contribution to total essential AA in duodenal digesta. Treatments were duodenal infusions of 1) water alone or water with 2) 10 g/d of DL-Met plus 10 g/d of L-Lys, 3) 10 g/d of Met plus 20 g/d of Lys, and 4) 10 g/d of Met plus 30 g/d of Lys; quantities were reduced by 20% in late lactation. Rations were corn-based (corn and grass-legume silages, corn meal, wheat middlings, soybean meal, and distillers dried grains with solubles) and most limiting in Lys and Met. Intakes of ruminally degraded and undegraded intake protein (percentage of NRC requirements) were (peak) 115, 97; (early) 112, 83; (mid) 113, 87; and (late) 127, 96. Contribution of Lys to passage of total essential AA to the duodenum without infusions were 13.2, 12.4, 13.8, and 14.8% at the four respective stages of lactation. Extent of Lys limitation determined from responses in content and yield of milk protein approximated 25, 20, and 10 g/d during peak, early, and midlactation. Using measurements of AA flow to the duodenum and assumed intestinal availabilities of 100% for infusate Lys and 80% for microbial and ruminally undegraded intake protein AA, calculated required contributions of Lys to total essential AA passing to the duodenum were 15.2, 13.9, and 14.5% for peak, early, and midlactation, respectively
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the sex, age (T3 - 36 months vs. T3+ - 42 months) and ploidy (diploids vs. triploids) on the composition of amino acids (AA) in muscles of tench. ...A total of 38 mixed samples of muscle tissue from 137 tench divided by sex, ploidy and age were analyzed. All the three factors studied had an effect on the AA composition, some of them were statistically significant. The effect of ploidy and sex was greater in the T3 than in the T3+ population. Lower levels of Val, Phe, Lys, His, Arg, Pro and Tyr were found in T3+ fish than in T3 animals. On the other hand, T3+ fish had higher values of Thr, Ile, Leu, Arg, Asp, Glu, Gly and Ala concentrations.
Forty-eight crossbred (PIC line 26 X Camborough 15) pigs were used in two finishing trials to compare the ideal ratios of threonine (Thr) tryptophan (Trp), and sulfur amino acids (SAA) to lysine ...(Lys) determined for young pigs to a proposed ratio of these amino acids for finishing pigs. Trial 1 involved 20 barrows and 20 gilts that were self-fed in sex groups of two. Trial 2 was a Latin square design that used four barrows and four gilts that were individually fed in metabolism cages. Separate diets were used for the early (EF = 56 to 90 kg) and late (LF = 90 to 112 kg) finishing periods. Diets were formulated from a corn-soybean meal mixture and contained 11% CP and 0.55% digestible lysine for EF pigs and 10% CP and 0.50% digestible lysine for LF pigs. Negative-control diets in both the EF and LF periods were designed to be slightly deficient in lysine and to contain digestible Thr (65%), Trp (18%), and SAA (60%) at the ideal ratio to digestible Lys determined for 10- to 20-kg pigs. The experimental diet in both the EF and LF periods was formulated to contain digestible Thr (70%), Trp (20%), and SAA (65%) at the proposed ideal ratio to digestible Lys for finishing pigs. In Trial 1, increased ratios of Thr, Trp, and SAA improved gain:feed ratio, whole-body and carcass protein concentration, and whole-body and carcass protein accretion. In Trial 2, LF pigs responded to the increased ratios of Thr, Trp, and SAA with decreased urinary nitrogen excretion and increased N retention. The results suggest that Thr, Trp, and SAA ratios to Lys used for young pigs are too low for use in finishing pigs
The quality of produced milk and piglet growth were investigated in three groups of lactating Large White sows fed three mixtures containing different levels of lysine, threonine and crude protein. ...Piglets were weighed immediately after delivery and then in weekly intervals. At the age of 21 days, the litter weight was significantly the highest in group B (67.96 kg), i.e. in the group with the highest dietary content of amino acids. Milk from lactating sows was sampled and analysed. An increased level of dietary amino acids became evident in milk at the first sampling (i.e. three days after delivery); lysine and threonine concentrations in the milk were significantly the highest in group B (lysine 11.96 g/16 g N; threonine 6.72 g/16 g N). The level of amino acids in milk and the differences between groups diminished in the following samplings. Changes in crude protein concentrations in milk were similar.
Amostras de farinha desengordurada de grão-de-bico (Cicer arietinum, L.) contendo diferentes teores de umidade inicial (13%, 18% e 27%) foram submetidas ao processo de extrusão termoplástica e, em ...seguida, foi realizada a avaliação de seus teores de lisina disponível. Foi verificado que o processo de extrusão provocou perda de 58% e 55% na lisina disponível nas farinhas com teores de umidade de 13% e 18%, respectivamente. Na farinha de grão-de-bico com 27% de urnidade inicial, a perda de lisina disponível foi de 71 %, após o processo de extrusão.Effect of thermoplastic extrusion on lysine availability of chickpea (Cicer arietinum, L.) flour. The aim of this research was to evaluate lysine availability of chickpea (Cicer arietinum, L.) flour submitted to therrnoplastic extrusion at three feed moisture levels (13%,18% and 27%). It was verified that extrusion treatments reduced available lysine by 58% and 55% at 13% and 18% feed moisture levels. The major lysine loss, 71 %, was verified at 27% feed moisture level.
Availability of amino acids in high-oil corn Parsons, C.M. (University of Illinois, Urbana, IL.); Zhang, Y; Araba, M
Poultry science,
07/1998, Volume:
77, Issue:
7
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
True digestibility of amino acids, bioavailability of Lys, and TME(n) in three types of high-oil corn (HOC) and one conventional corn (CC) were determined. The CC, HOC1, HOC2, and HOC3 contained 4.3, ...5.9, 6.6, and 9.5% ether extract, respectively, on a DM basis. True digestibility of amino acids was determined using the precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay in which each corn sample was tube-fed (30 g) to nine roosters and excreta were collected for 48 h. True digestibility of most amino acids in HOC2 and HOC3 were significantly higher (P less than or equal to 0.05) than those in CC and HOC1. Mean digestibility of 15 amino acids in HOC2 and HOC3 was 91% compared to 80% for CC and HOC1. The TME(n) values (kilocalories per gram DM) of CC, HOC1, HOC2, and HOC3 were 3.883, 4.024, 4.038, and 4.140, respectively. Lysine bioavailability was assessed using a slope-ratio chick growth assay in which a Lys-deficient crystalline amino acid diet was supplemented with 0, 0.1, or 0.2% L-Lys from L-Lys(.)HC1 to provide a standard curve. Six additional dietary treatments consisted of supplementing the basal diet with 28 or 56% of CC, HOC2, or HOC3. The nine diets were fed to four replicate groups of six chicks from 8 to 18 d posthatching. Lysine bioavailability was calculated using multiple regression slope-ratio methodology where Y was weight gain and X was intake of Lys from the L-Lys(.)HC1 or a corn. Supplementation of the basal diet with L-Lys.HC1, CC, HOC2, or HOC3 yielded linear (P less than or equal to 0.001) growth responses. Bioavailability values (percentage) for the Lys in CC, HOC2, and HOC3 relative to the Lys in L-Lys(.)HC1 were 65 +/- 10, 72 +/- 10, and 91 +/- 8, respectively. The results of this study indicated that digestibility of amino acids and bioavailability of Lys in HOC are equal to or greater than those in CC
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Browning reactions between oxidised vegetable oils and amino acids Hutapea, E.B.(Vysoka Skola Chemicko-technologicka, Prague (Czech Republic). Ustav Chemie a Analyzy Potravin); Parkanyova, L.(Vysoka Skola Chemicko-technologicka, Prague (Czech Republic). Ustav Chemie a Analyzy Potravin); Parkanyova, J.(Vysoka Skola Chemicko-technologicka, Prague (Czech Republic). Ustav Chemie a Analyzy Potravin) ...
Czech Journal of Food Sciences
22, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Browning reactions of oxidised lipids with amino acids were studied in mixtures of refined soybean or rapeseed oil with alanine, valine, lysine, serine, cystine, cysteine, methionine, proline, and ...tryptophan. Oils were deposited in thin layers on cellulose fibres impregnated with the individual amino acids. The reaction proceeded in the dark, in dry air, at 50°C and at free access of oxygen. The browning determined at 430 nm followed a nearly zeroth order reaction without any induction period. The browning was very weak in the absence of amino acids, and all amino acids increased the browning rate, especially cysteine, methionine, and even more proline and tryptophan. The reaction rates were nearly the same in mixtures with rapeseed and soybean oils. Small amounts of hydroperoxides did not appreciably affect the browning rate. In the presence of copper ions the reaction rate was substantially higher. On the contrary, in the presence of antioxidants the reaction rate was reduced to a marked degree but no induction period was observed. The probable main reaction mechanism was the reaction of lipid hydroperoxides, free radicals produced by their decomposition and/or unsaturated aldehydes under the formation of unsaturated imines which further polymerised into brown macromolecular substances.
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