Methylammonium iodo bismuthate ((CH3NH3)3Bi2I9) (MBI) perovskite is a promising alternative to rapidly progressing hybrid organic–inorganic lead perovskites because of its better stability and low ...toxicity compared to lead-based perovskites. Solution-processed perovskite fabricated by single-step spin-coating and subsequent heating produced polycrystalline films of hybrid perovskite (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9), whose morphology was influenced drastically by the nature of substrates. The optical measurements showed a strong absorption band around 500 nm. The devices made on anatase TiO2 mesoporous layer showed good performance with current density over 0.8 mA cm–2 while the devices on brookite TiO2 layer and planar (free of porous layer) was inefficient. However, all the MBI devices were stable to ambient conditions for more than 10 weeks.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Selective electrochemical reduction of CO2 into fuels or chemical feedstocks is a promising avenue to achieve carbon‐neutral goal, but its development is severely limited by the lack of highly ...efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, cation‐exchange strategy is combined with electrochemical self‐reconstruction strategy to successfully develop diethylenetriamine‐functionalized mosaic Bi nanosheets (mBi‐DETA NSs) for selective electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to formate, delivering a superior formate Faradaic efficiency of 96.87% at a low potential of −0.8 VRHE. Mosaic nanosheet morphology of Bi can sufficiently expose the under‐coordinated Bi active sites and promote the activation of CO2 molecules to form the OCHO−* intermediate. Moreover, in situ attenuated total reflectance infrared spectra further corroborate that surface chemical microenvironment modulation of mosaic Bi nanosheets via DETA functionalization can improve CO2 adsorption on the catalyst surface and stabilize the key intermediate (OCHO−*) due to the presence of amine groups, thus facilitate the CO2‐to‐HCOO− reaction kinetics and promote formate formation.
Diethylenetriamine‐functionalized mosaic Bi nanosheets (mBi‐DETA NSs) are synthesized via combining cation exchange with electrochemical self‐reconstruction. Mosaic nanosheet structure can afford abundant under‐coordinated Bi active sites for the activation of CO2. Moreover, surface chemical microenvironment modulation of mosaic Bi nanosheets by diethylenetriamine can improve CO2 adsorption and stabilize the key intermediate (OCHO−*), thus facilitating the CO2‐to‐HCOO− reaction kinetics and promoting formate formation.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
En América Latina, la investigación del síndrome de burnout (SB) es creciente; sin embargo, poco se ha explorado sobre las posibles diferencias culturales en sus mecanismos psicológicos y eficiencia ...de medición. En particular, el cuestionario MBI-GS ha sido reconocido como una medida satisfactoria del SB para su uso en distintos sectores y grupos ocupacionales, y su validez ha sido probada en múltiples países e idiomas, empero en Latinoamérica se adolece de investigaciones al respecto. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una traducción y adaptación cultural del MBI-GS para población latinoamericana, analizar su estructura interna, su fiabilidad y su invarianza (DIF y MGFCA) entre sexos y muestras de tres países latinoamericanos: México, Perú y Venezuela. Los resultados evidencian que la versión latina del MBI-GS propuesta presenta propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias, incluyendo la ausencia del funcionamiento diferencial entre sexos y países participantes.
To evaluate the prevalence of burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance in physicians and US workers in 2014 relative to 2011.
From August 28, 2014, to October 6, 2014, we surveyed both US ...physicians and a probability-based sample of the general US population using the methods and measures used in our 2011 study. Burnout was measured using validated metrics, and satisfaction with work-life balance was assessed using standard tools.
Of the 35,922 physicians who received an invitation to participate, 6880 (19.2%) completed surveys. When assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, 54.4% (n=3680) of the physicians reported at least 1 symptom of burnout in 2014 compared with 45.5% (n=3310) in 2011 (P<.001). Satisfaction with work-life balance also declined in physicians between 2011 and 2014 (48.5% vs 40.9%; P<.001). Substantial differences in rates of burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance were observed by specialty. In contrast to the trends in physicians, minimal changes in burnout or satisfaction with work-life balance were observed between 2011 and 2014 in probability-based samples of working US adults, resulting in an increasing disparity in burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance in physicians relative to the general US working population. After pooled multivariate analysis adjusting for age, sex, relationship status, and hours worked per week, physicians remained at an increased risk of burnout (odds ratio, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.80-2.16; P<.001) and were less likely to be satisfied with work-life balance (odds ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.62-0.75; P<.001).
Burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance in US physicians worsened from 2011 to 2014. More than half of US physicians are now experiencing professional burnout.
In professions such as nursing, close, intensive contact with other people and high emotional involvement can cause the occurrence of professional burnout syndrome. The aim of the study was to ...investigate work-related burnout by analysing articles describing research on this issue among nurses published in medical journals (2008-2022). Data were obtained from a review (March-April 2023) of electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO. By analysing selected articles, the work describes the research tools that are most often used to study occupational burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory MBI, Oldenburg Burnout Inventory OLBI, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory CBI) and the broader purpose of the con-ducted research and the main risk factors related to professional burnout. The article describes the phenomenon of burnout, its causes, symptoms, consequences, and correlating phenomena. The results of occupational burnout research conducted with the use of MBI were presented. Despite the in-depth analysis of the research results of selected articles, it is impossible to clearly tell which of the symptoms of occupational burnout is dominant. The average burnout in 3 dimensions of the MBI ranges due to organisational and cultural differences in healthcare systems in various countries where nurse burnout was studied.
Many attempts have been made to abbreviate mindfulness programmes in order to make them more accessible for general and clinical populations while maintaining their therapeutic components and ...efficacy. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) programme and a 4-week abbreviated version for the improvement of well-being in a non-clinical population.
A quasi-experimental, controlled, pilot study was conducted with pre-post and 6-month follow-up measurements and three study conditions (8- and 4-session MBI programmes and a matched no-treatment control group, with a sample of 48, 46, and 47 participants in each condition, respectively). Undergraduate students were recruited, and mindfulness, positive and negative affect, self-compassion, resilience, anxiety, and depression were assessed. Mixed-effects multi-level analyses for repeated measures were performed.
The intervention groups showed significant improvements compared to controls in mindfulness and positive affect at the 2- and 6-month follow-ups, with no differences between 8- vs. 4-session programmes. The only difference between the abbreviated MBI vs. the standard MBI was found in self-kindness at 6 months, favoring the standard MBI. There were marginal differences in anxiety between the controls vs. the abbreviated MBI, but there were differences between the controls vs. the standard MBI at 2- and 6-months, with higher levels in the controls. There were no differences in depression between the controls vs. the abbreviated MBI, but differences were found between the controls vs. the standard MBI at 2- and 6-months, favoring the standard MBI. There were no differences with regard to negative affect and resilience.
To our knowledge, this is the first study to directly investigate the efficacy of a standard 8-week MBI and a 4-week abbreviated protocol in the same population. Based on our findings, both programmes performed better than controls, with similar effect size (ES). The efficacy of abbreviated mindfulness programmes may be similar to that of a standard MBI programme, making them potentially more accessible for a larger number of populations. Nevertheless, further studies with more powerful designs to compare the non-inferiority of the abbreviated protocol and addressing clinical populations are warranted.
NCT02643927.
Abstract Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common in dementia and in predementia syndromes such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI). NPS in MCI confer a greater risk for conversion to dementia in ...comparison to MCI patients without NPS. NPS in older adults with normal cognition also confers a greater risk of cognitive decline in comparison to older adults without NPS. Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) has been proposed as a diagnostic construct aimed to identify patients with an increased risk of developing dementia, but who may or may not have cognitive symptoms. We propose criteria that include MCI in the MBI framework, in contrast to prior definitions of MBI. Although MBI and MCI can co-occur, we suggest that they are different and that both portend a higher risk of dementia. These MBI criteria extend the previous literature in this area and will serve as a template for validation of the MBI construct from epidemiologic, neurobiological, treatment, and prevention perspectives.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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