To evaluate prevalence, distribution, and sexual dimorphism of dental anomalies (DA) among different skeletal malocclusions (SM) and growth patterns (GP) under the hypothesis that specific clinical ...patterns exist and may indicate common etiological roots.
A total of 1047 orthodontic records of patients older than 8 years were evaluated. The SN-GoGn angle was used to classify GP (hypodivergent, normal, and hyperdivergent), and the ANB angle was used to verify SM (Angle Classes I, II, and III). These assessments were done from lateral cephalometric radiographs. DA were diagnosed using panoramic radiographs by one calibrated investigator. Odds ratios, chi-square, and Student's t-tests were used.
Of the subjects, 56.7% were female, with mean age of 16.41 (±10.61) years. The prevalence of DA was 15.7%. Impaction and tooth agenesis were the most prevalent DA, with relative frequencies of 14.4% and 9.7%, respectively. DA were most prevalent in Class III SM (80.8%) and in hypodivergent GP (82.5%), although this was not statistically significant. Tooth agenesis ( P < .01) and microdontia ( P = .025) were significantly more common among hypodivergent GP and Class III SM, respectively.
The results of this study support the idea that DA are preferentially associated with certain patterns of malocclusion.
Adult orthodontic treatment involving maxillary transverse deficiency is a challenge for an interdisciplinary team. Surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion to segment the maxilla was once the ...treatment of choice, but the invasiveness, bone deficiency, and gingival recession hindered its acceptance. Corticotomy-assisted rapid maxillary arch expansion with ridge augmentation has the advantage of augmenting alveolar bony housing to accommodate and facilitate tooth movement. This approach was used to correct a severely constricted maxilla with bilateral posterior crossbite and anterior crowding in a 46-year-old man. Treatment time was 14 months. The accelerated arch expansion overcame the crossbite in 7 months, increasing intercanine distance by 5.2 mm and intermolar distance by 9.8 mm. Subsequent implant prosthesis was able to be restored in a functional normal occlusion. Satisfactory and stable clinical outcome was followed for 7 years. Corticotomy-assisted rapid maxillary arch expansion with alveolar bone augmentation is a novel and effective interdisciplinary approach for correcting adult maxillary transverse deficiency. Well controlled prospective clinical trails are warranted for further investigation.
•A new approach for adult maxillary transvers deficiency was demonstrated.•Corticotomy-assisted rapid maxillary arch expansion for adults is possible.•Ridge augmentation may contribute to the long-term stable results.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soft tissue thickness of upper lip on lip retraction in orthodontical-treated females and identify the ratio of maxillary incisor retraction to ...upper lip retraction. Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 100 adults were examined to measure the lip thickness in upper lip and establish the classification standard. All subjects were treated with 4 first premolar extractions followed by upper central incisors retraction. Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 19 patients were reviewed to determine the changes of the upper lip and incisor positions through landmarks displacement. An independent-samples t test and one-way analysis of variance were performed. The correlations between maxillary incisor retraction and upper lip retraction were explored by the Pearson correlation method. P-values<0.05 were considered statistically significant. The lip thickness of adult male patients was greater than that of adult female patients. The average ratio of maxillary incisor retraction to upper lip repositioning was 1.6:1,1.9:1 and 2.2:1 in the thin lips group, normal lips group and thick lips group, respectively. Gender differences exist in the thickness of upper lip. Horizontal changes of the maxillary incisor showed a significant correlation to horizontal changes of the upper lip (P<0.001).There were negative correlations between the thickness of upper lip and the ratio between change in maxillary incisor protrusion and change in upper lip protrusion. KEY WORDS: Morphological characteristics; Malocclusion; Incisor retraction; Cephalometric measurements; Soft tissue profile.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background: Orthodontic correction is usually focused on dental esthetics; however, masticatory function is an important parameter to assess the success of treatment. The main objective of this study ...is to determine if an association exists between malocclusion and chewing sounds, after being assessed with three different food types. How far a malocclusion alters an individual's chewing nature can aid us in assessing the potential of teeth alignment in mastication and the consequence of orthodontic correction on the same. Methodology: The study was conducted on three groups of patients (Class I normal occlusion, Class I with increased overjet, and Class II div 1). The patients were asked to chew three types of food items; apple, biscuit, and peanut. The recordings were taken inside an acoustically treated soundproof box using an AKG HC 577 L microphone with a sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz in mono with 32 bits per sample. The recordings were analyzed using WavePad FFT software in a Mac laptop and plotted as a spectrogram using the Hanning window function. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the groups for all the three types of food materials. Conclusion: The results of this study showed insignificant association between malocclusion and masticatory sounds. A more comprehensive study with a larger sample size will be needed to analyze the results further.
Anterior open bite (AOB) could be corrected by intrusion of the posterior teeth using temporary anchorage device (TAD). However, stability of such approach is still not obvious. The aim of this paper ...is to systematically review the available scientific evidence regarding the stability of AOB correction on treated with posterior teeth intrusion using TADs. Electronic databases and certain orthodontic journals were searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), nonRCTs (nRCTs), and retrospective studies (RTSs) investigating the stability of AOB correction treated with intrusion of maxillary, mandibular posterior teeth or both using any type of TAD were retrieved. Both reviewers were involved in data extraction and analysis, and any disagreements were resolved by discussion. Three RTSs and one nRCT were recognized. Low level of scientific evidence was identified after assessment of the risk of bias of the involved studies with no related RCT was performed. Although, overbite relapsed after debonding, positive overbite is maintained in all 95 participants of the involved studies. Overbite relapse could not be explained by the relapse of posterior teeth intrusion only. Weak scientific evidence supports that correction of the AOB by posterior teeth intrusion using TAD is stable approach at the short and long term.
Structured
Objectives
To describe the prevalence of malocclusions in 2‐ to 10‐year‐old children suffering from obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and to evaluate the association between occlusal ...variables and OSA.
Setting and Sample Population
A total of 2101 consecutive patients referred to an otorhinolaryngology unit were considered for the study. One hundred and fifty‐six children (range 2‐10 years) with suspected OSA were selected for a sleep study. The final sample consisted of 139 children suffering from OSA and a control group of 137 children.
Materials and Methods
All patients included in the study underwent a clinical orthodontic examination to record the following occlusal variables: primary canine relationship, presence of a posterior crossbite, overjet and overbite. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, comparing the demographic characteristics and dental parameters in OSA vs non‐OSA children, were computed. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed to compare independent variables associated with OSA to non‐OSA children.
Results
The prevalence of malocclusions in children with OSA was 89.9% compared to 60.6% in the control group (P < 0.001). Factors independently associated with OSA compared to the control group were posterior crossbite (OR = 3.38; 95%CI:1.73‐6.58), reduced overbite (OR = 2.43; 95%CI:1.15‐5.15.), increased overbite (OR = 2.19; 95%CI:1.12‐4.28) and increased overjet (OR = 4.25; 95%CI:1.90‐9.48).
Conclusions
This study showed a high prevalence of malocclusion in children with OSA compared to the control group. The posterior crossbite and deviations in overjet and overbite were significantly associated with OSA. The presence of these occlusal features shows the importance of an orthodontic evaluation in screening for paediatric OSA.
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CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can be described as non-inflammatory arthritic condition that results in degenerative changes of the joint structures. The aim of this ...study was to evaluate the skeletal morphology of the TMJ in patients with osteoarthritis with severe skeletal malocclusions (Class II and Class III) and patients with Class I occlusion as controls. Cone beam computed tomography images of 45 Class I, 28 Class II and 44 Class III joints of Caucasian patients were assessed for the presence of any degenerative changes in the condyle and fossa/eminence complex as described in the research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD). In all groups, the most commonly observed features were articular surface flattening and subcortical sclerosis. A combination of features that corresponds to a diagnosis of osteoarthritis was observed in 3% Class I, 43% Class II and 20% Class III patient joints. In conclusion, degenerative TMJ changes were more common in patients with skeletal jaw discrepancies, but wide inter-individual variations can be observed even in patients with clinically similar malocclusions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of malocclusion among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to describe the most common malocclusion traits in this population.
...This cross-sectional study included patients diagnosed with ASD aged between 5 and 18 years. Randomly selected healthy children with the same demographic characteristics comprised the control group. Dental charts were reviewed to obtain the children's sociodemographic characteristics and type of occlusion. Information on each child's molar occlusion classification (Angle classification), midline deviation, crossbite, open bite, overbite, overjet, and crowding were recorded. The statistical analysis used descriptive analysis, the Pearson chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression.
Ninety-nine children comprised the ASD group, and 101 children were in the control group. Our results demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of malocclusion in children with ASD compared with the control group (P <0.001). Patients with ASD were significantly more likely to have posterior crossbite (P = 0.03), increased overjet (P <0.0001), and severe maxillary crowding (P <0.01). Furthermore, children with ASD were more likely to have malocclusion than non-ASD children, independently of their demographic characteristics (odds ratio, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.46, −4.65).
The prevalence of malocclusion was higher among children with ASD. Posterior crossbite, increased overjet, and severe maxillary crowding were the most common malocclusion traits in these children.
•Children with autism have a higher prevalence of malocclusion compared with controls.•Posterior crossbite, abnormal overjet, and maxillary crowding are the most common traits.•Better understanding of malocclusion patterns could be useful.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Considering that the available studies on prevalence of malocclusions are local or national-based, this study aimed to pool data to determine the distribution of malocclusion traits worldwide in ...mixed and permanent dentitions.
An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar search engines, to retrieve data on malocclusion prevalence for both mixed and permanent dentitions, up to December 2016.
Out of 2,977 retrieved studies, 53 were included. In permanent dentition, the global distributions of Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion were 74.7% 31 - 97%, 19.56% 2 - 63% and 5.93% 1 - 20%, respectively. In mixed dentition, the distributions of these malocclusions were 73% 40 - 96%, 23% 2 - 58% and 4% 0.7 - 13%. Regarding vertical malocclusions, the observed deep overbite and open bite were 21.98% and 4.93%, respectively. Posterior crossbite affected 9.39% of the sample. Africans showed the highest prevalence of Class I and open bite in permanent dentition (89% and 8%, respectively), and in mixed dentition (93% and 10%, respectively), while Caucasians showed the highest prevalence of Class II in permanent dentition (23%) and mixed dentition (26%). Class III malocclusion in mixed dentition was highly prevalent among Mongoloids.
Worldwide, in mixed and permanent dentitions, Angle Class I malocclusion is more prevalent than Class II, specifically among Africans; the least prevalent was Class III, although higher among Mongoloids in mixed dentition. In vertical dimension, open bite was highest among Mongoloids in mixed dentition. Posterior crossbite was more prevalent in permanent dentition in Europe.
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