Increased consumers´ demand for game meat is driven by various motivations. In order to fulfil this demand for safe, wholesome and nutritious meat, management of wild game and establishment of ...adequate supply chains are required. Identification and assessment of hazards of biological and non-biological origin help to design and implement effective control measures. This requires cooperation of the stakeholders, of food safety authorities and scientists. Game meat safety extends from the wildlife-human interface to wildlife-livestock interactions, as regards transfer of pathogenic agents or transfer of residues. Thus, assurance of game meat hygiene is a multidisciplinary task, and involves tackling a variety of safety and quality issues for a number of species under diverse living conditions and modes of harvesting. This is reflected in the contents of this volume, with 19 contributions on free-living or farmed game and on invasive species, namely the warthog in South Africa. This volume is the third in a series on safety and quality assurance along the game meat chain, following a 'from forest to fork' approach. Like its predecessors, it is targeted at scientists in academia and industry, graduate students as well as to governmental officials in veterinary public health and food safety.
A solution of natural, food-grade resin (Shellac) in ethanol was evaluated to treat samples of visually clean and dry cattle hides with the aim to reduce bacterial removability from the hides by ...swabbing. Hide treatment by 23% Shellac-in-ethanol solution reduced sponge-swabbing recoveries of general microflora (TVC) by a factor of 6.6 logs (>1000-fold larger than the 2.9 log reduction observed by ethanol alone), and of generic
Escherichia coli and
Enterobacteriaceae by factors of at least 2.9 and 4.8 logs, respectively. These reductions were superior to those achieved by a sanitizer rinse-vacuum hide treatment. Significantly greater reductions of TVC recoveries from hides were achieved when using higher Shellac concentrations (23 and 30% rather than 4.8–16.7%) and when Shellac solution temperatures were 20–40
°C rather than 50–60
°C. Furthermore, the Shellac-based treatment also markedly reduced the
E. coli O157 prevalence (3.7-fold reduction) on natural, uninoculated hides, as well as the counts of
E. coli O157 on artificially inoculated hides (2.1 log reduction). This preliminary study indicated that a “bacterial on-hide immobilisation” approach to reducing transmission of microorganisms from cattle hide is promising and so will be further explored.
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The objective of the investigation was to establish the economy, efficiency, effectiveness and importance of slaughterhouses’ management by companies established through public-private partnership ...(PPP) process in countries that are recovering from ravages of civil war. The study focused on two slaughter houses in North Western (Somaliland) republic of Somalia. A pre-tested questionnaire was administered to the management of one privately managed and one publicly managed slaughterhouse in Somaliland. A visual and organoleptic appraisal of the two slaughterhouses was further done. To collaborate and validate the findings, 160 surface meat swab samples were collected from small ruminant carcasses slaughtered in the two slaughterhouses. The samples were analyzed at Analabs laboratories in Nairobi, Kenya for total viable counts, total coliforms count and presence of Salmonella species. Meat contamination risk factors and compliance with hygiene meat handling practices in the two slaughterhouses were identified through visual appraisal, organoleptic tests and transect walks around the slaughterhouses. The results showed that Hargeisa slaughterhouse that is managed through PPP process produced meat of high quality with low levels of contamination as opposed to Berbera slaughterhouse that was managed by the local municipality. Microbiological laboratory analysis results were in agreement with results from questionnaire administration and visual appraisal and organoleptic tests. The study concluded that in fragile states recovering from civil war, PPP is the best way out for the management of meat production facilities.
Summary
Bovine cysticercosis (BC) is an important disease because of its zoonotic nature. There is a significant variation in the prevalence of BC in different countries, ranging from <0.01% to more ...than 20%. In this study, we followed the changes of BC prevalence in Israel during the last four decades and examined its association with import of live cattle. During 1973–2007, 629 549 cattle were subjected to post‐mortem inspection conducted in ‘Marbek’ slaughterhouse located in the south of Israel. A specific comparison was made between the prevalence of BC in local and imported cattle during 2003–2007. Of 629 549 cattle, 2568 were infected with Cysticercus bovis (0.4%). From 1980, there was a gradual decrease in the prevalence of BC (R2 = 0.53) with exceptional peaks. Moreover, from 1973 to 1998, only 4% of the documented cases appeared in outbreaks as opposed to 38% after 1998 when mass importation of live cattle to Israel was initiated. All of these late outbreak cases appeared in imported cattle of which 95% originated from Australia. During the years 2002–2007, importation from Australia was found as a significant risk factor for infection with BC, with prevalence in these cattle reaching 1.8% in 2006. The time from importation to BC detection suggests that infection occurred either in Australia or during the transport into Israel. We conclude that despite a reduction in the prevalence of BC as a result of a possible improvement in sanitary conditions at the farms, meticulous meat inspection is still essential in Israel and possibly in other developed countries exporting and importing live cattle.
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The hygienic status and the presence of some pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes e Salmonella spp.) at slaughterhouses was evaluated in different matrix of sheep and lambs ...(carcass surface, faeces, fleeces and mesenteric lymph nodes) according to the Com. Reg. (EC) No 2073/2005. The 48% of sheep and 68.9% of lamb sampled carcasses resulted allocated into the marginal category for Aerobic colony count, while the 28% and 42.2% respectively were allocated into unacceptable category for Enterobacteriaceae. S.aureus was isolated more frequently in fleeces (11.5%), carcasses (12.6%) of lambs than sheep. L. monocytogenes was found in fleeces and carcass of two sheep and in faeces of four lambs, while Salmonella spp. was detected only in sheep carcasses of a single plant.
This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella in broiler chicken meat sold in Hyderabad, Pakistan. A total of 100 samples were randomly collected from poultry meat retail ...markets and examined for the presence of Salmonella. The prevalence rate recorded was 38%. The most prevalent serogroups were S. enteritidis, S. typhi, S. pullorum, and S. typhimurium. All the Salmonella isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, and sensitivity to tetracycline, streptomycin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, gentamicin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. The findings highlighted the magnitude of Salmonella contamination in chicken meat sold in the city, and the antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates is an indication of indiscriminate and continuous use of antibiotics in poultry feed as well as in the broiler flocks. The results showed the possible significance of chicken meat as a source of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella for human infections and suggested the need for further detailed epidemiological studies.
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Tables used to display meat for sale in nine different markets in Ibadan Metropolis were microbiologically examined for their implication on meat hygiene. Twenty seven strains of bacteria and eight ...strains of fungi were isolated and identified. They were identified on the basis of metabolic and physiological features while simple crystal violet staining was used for observing cell size and shape. The samples were placed on trypticase-soya -agar (TSA), for trophic bacteria and Sabouraud-glucose-agar (SGA) supplemented with chloramphenicol for fungi. Petri dishes were incubated at 37C for 48 - 72 h while the cultures were observed daily under a stereoscopic microscope for presence of bacterial colonies and or fungal mycelium. The mean value of bacterial count was 2.78 x 10 super(5) CFU/ml while that of the fungal count was 0.72 x 10 super(5) CFU/ml with a significant difference (p < 0.05). There was also a strong positive correlation between the sizes of the markets and the microbial load encountered in the samples. This was attributed to poor hygiene level resulting from inadequate facilities. The findings of this study indicate that meat hygiene is being compromised in the city, a situation that calls for public health concern.
Game meat, previously often considered as an 'exotic' food, or being relevant only in remote regions, is becoming increasingly popular. In order to provide sufficient quantities of nutritious, ...wholesome and safe game meat, a number of measures have to be implemented along the food chain- from the forest/field or fenced area where the animals are harvested, to the point of consumption. These involve monitoring and control of diseases of game animals transmissible to man, technology and hygiene of game meat processing and specifics of products manufactured from game meat. This book combines 30 contributions of various experts in the field, addressing four main topics: i.e. 'hygiene and management of microbial contamination in fresh meat from game', 'zoonoses and epidemiology', 'risk assessment and quality assurance along the game meat chain' and 'quality issues in game meat products'. The focus on Europe is expanded by presenting specifics of the game meat chain in African and Asian regions, with a view to provide information on 'bushmeat' consumed by the indigenous population. Similar to the first volume in this series, this volume follows a 'from forest to fork' approach and is targeted at scientists in academia and industry, graduate students as well as at governmental officials in veterinary public health and food safety.
Gracey's Meat Hygiene Collins, David S; Huey, Robert J
2014, 2015, 2014-11-17, 2014-11-19
eBook
GRACEY'S MEAT HYGIENE Gracey's Meat Hygiene, 11th edition, is the definitive reference for veterinarians working in meat hygiene control. This new edition of a classic text reflects the recent ...significant changes in science, legislation and practical implementation of meat hygiene controls in the United Kingdom, Europe and worldwide since the 10th edition was published in 1999. This book is an excellent practical guide for teaching food hygiene to veterinary students worldwide, laying the foundations of food animal anatomy, the humane slaughter of animals for food and practical production hygiene. New chapters address the increased concern of operators, inspectors and the public to issues of animal welfare and recognise the role of the profession, and interest from the consumer, in environmental protection. Key features include the following * Fully updated new edition, in a refreshed design with colour photographs and illustrations throughout * Includes new content on meat hygiene inspection covering the components of an integrated food safety management system as well as animal health and welfare controls in the 'farm to fork' system * A practical approach to health and safety in meat processing is outlined by identifying the hazards and then describing how these can be best controlled * With contributions from veterinary and industry experts, this edition is both a valuable teaching aid and a practical reference for veterinarians and all food business operators and their staff
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