Pseudodubokoumni verbalizmi (PDV) su gramatički i sintaksički ispravne rečenice sačinjene od nasumično odabranih reči, dizaj-nirane da impresioniraju čitaoca, a ne da ga informišu. Istraživa-nja ...pokazuju da su ispitanici skloni da PDV smatraju dubokou-mnim, a pretpostavlja se da u osnovi toga leže dva mehanizma: pristrasno odgovaranje i smanjena sklonost prema kognitivnoj refleksiji. Ipak, na receptivnost na PDV može da utiče i izvor iska-za, tj. moguće je da ispitanici pretpostavljaju da iskazi prikazani u psihološkoj studiji imaju duboko i mudro značenje koje oni ne registruju, ali veruju da postoji. Cilj istraživanja bio trostruk: 1) ispi-tivanje fenomena PDV na srpskom jeziku, 2) replikacija nalaza o mehanizmima receptivnosti i senzitivnosti (sposobnost razlikova-nja PDV i zaista dubokoumnih iskaza) na PDV i 3) provera uticaja izvora iskaza na te mere. Ispitanici su procenjivali dubokoumnost poslovica, zdravorazumskih istinitih zaključaka (ZIZ) i PDV (bez i sa pripisanim autorima različite pouzdanosti). Rešavali su 16 kategoričkih silogizama (KS) različitih po kongruentnosti između logičnosti i uverljivosti zaključka, numerički (CRT) i nenumerički test kognitivne refleksije (nCRT), i popunili su skalu verovanja o aktivnom mišljenju otvorenog uma (AOT). Ispitanici su PDV pro-cenjivali kao više dubokoumne od ZIZ i manje dubokoumne od poslovica. Korelacije CRT, nCRT, AOT i CS sa receptivnošću i senzitivnošću na PDV su neznačajne. Kada se PDV-u pripiše iz-mišljeni autor ili autor upitne pouzdanosti procene dubokoumnosti ostaju statistički iste, dok procene značajno rastu kada se PDV-u pripiše pouzdani autor. Nalazi o kognitivnoj refleksiji i pristrastno-sti odgovaranja kao mehanizmima receptivnosti i senzitivnosti na PDV nisu replicirani. Rezultati pokazuju da izvor kao faktor kon-teksta utiče na receptivnost i senzitivnost na PDV.
Public opinion in Poland was much interested in the developments concerning the South Slavs in the final phase of World War I. Poland was still partitioned at that time, so there was no Polish ...national press. However, Polish newspapers and periodicals published under Russian, German, and Austro-Hungarian administration, as well as those published in already independent Poland, welcomed the establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes as the realisation of the natural law of small nations to independence and thus cheered the efforts of the Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs to build their own state. There were more absorbing issues at the time, with Poland herself in the dramatic process of reclaiming independent statehood, and there was no involvement with the South Slavs, so the topic did not make it to the front pages. Nevertheless, public opinion in Poland was well versed in the activity of leading Slovenian, Serbian, and Croatian politicians and the Italian challenge to the negotiation of the borders of the newly-established state. It was also aware of the state’s religious heterogeneity—Catholics, Orthodox Christians, and Muslims—as a potential threat to national unity. No particular side was favoured. Even before the unification of the Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs in a common state, the nations of Southeastern Europe were often referred to as Yugoslavia and the people as Yugoslavs. Occasionally, news concerning the South Slavs were printed in bold to emphasise the topic’s importance to Polish editors and readers.
Ciljevi održivog razvoja (COR-ovi) predstavljaju vrlo ambiciozan plan i program razvoja ljudskog društva. Upozorenje Međuvladinog panela o klimatskim promjenama iz 2018. o nužnosti smanjivanja ...emisija CO2 za 45% do 2030. i postizanja ugljične neutralnosti do 2050., ukazuje na to da je vrijeme za njihovo ostvarivanje ograničeno. Istraživačko pitanje u fokusu ovog rada odnosi se na ocjenu spremnosti Hrvatske za provedbu COR-ova. U radu se testira teza da Hrvatska nije spremna za provedbu COR-ova. Provedba COR-ova zahtijevat će ostvarivanje transformativnih promjena na svim razinama i u svim segmentima hrvatskog društva. Cilj je rada poticanje rasprava i aktivnosti usmjerenih prema razvoju strukture (i kulture) suradnje kao pretpostavke za ostvarivanje COR-ova u Hrvatskoj. U radu se koristi konceptualna analiza djela iz različitih znanstvenih područja, analizu radova o strukturi i funkcioniranju „nordijskog modela" te analiza radova o stanju u Hrvatskoj. U interpretaciji nalaza korištena su oruđa sustavnog mišljenja koje omogućuje sagledavanje najdubljih uzroka postojećih problema. Istraživanje je potvrdilo polaznu tezu o tome kako Hrvatska nije spremna na provedbu COR-ova. Preliminarne ocjene stanja u Hrvatskoj ukazale su na nepostojanje općeprihvaćene zajedničke vizije društva, kao i odsustvo prosocijalnog ponašanja u svim segmentima i na svim razinama društva. U takvim okolnostima provedba COR-ova u Hrvatskoj, u zadanim vremenskim okvirima, doista zahtijeva pokretanje transformativnih promjena. To je najvažnija moralna obveza postojeće generacije lidera prema budućim generacijama.
U radu su predstavljeni stavovi i uvjerenja korisnika društvenih mreža (Twitter i Facebook) prema izbjeglicama i tzv. izbjegličkoj krizi, koja je posljednjih godina eskalirala na globalnoj razini. Od ...16. rujna 2015. do 3. svibnja 2016. godine kroz Hrvatsku je u tranzitu prošlo 658.068 izbjeglica te je, tijekom tog vremena, u javnosti predstavljen niz različitih stavova i interpretacije istih. Navedeni stavovi relevantni su za cjelokupnu situaciju povezanu s krizom u kontekstu utjecaja koji imaju na višerazinsku integraciju i položaj izbjeglica u hrvatskom društvu. U ovom radu ispitivani su stavovi prema izbjeglicama, posebno se fokusirajući na povezanost iskazanih stavova i socio-demografskih obilježja ispitanika, njihova nacionalnog identiteta, učestalosti kontakta, spremnosti na pomoć izbjeglicama, te političkog opredjeljenja. Istraživanje je provedeno na prigodnom uzorku, putem online upitnika kojim su relevantne varijable ispitane kroz tri skupine pitanja, koja su mjerila ugroženost i jednaki tretman, te socijalnu distancu. Rezultati pokazuju kako ispitanici imaju pretežno pozitivne stavove prema izbjeglicama unatoč manjoj količini kontakta, te kako iskazuju nisku percepciju ugroženosti zbog dolaska izbjeglica i vjeruju kako za sve osobe u Hrvatskoj trebaju postojati jednake životne prilike. Zanimljive korelacije dobivene su u pogledu nacionalnog identiteta, te spremnosti pružanja pomoći. Rad se bavi navedenom tematikom kroz fokus na stavove ispitanika u suvremenom hrvatskom kontekstu, a relevantan je u pogledu mogućeg utjecaja koji mišljenje građana i potencijalne predrasude imaju na uspjeh procesa integracije onih osoba koje će svoj život graditi u Republici Hrvatskoj.
The paper presents attitudes and opinions of Croatian social network users (Twitter and Facebook) towards refugees and the so-called refugee crisis, which globally escalated in recent years. Croatia was, for the first time since the early 1990s, directly influenced by the refugee problem, migrations as well as with all the challenges that follow it. Since September 16th 2015 until May 3rd 2016 Croatia saw 658 068 refugees transiting it to reach the Western countries. During that time the public was under influence of diverging attitudes and interpretations of what repercussions that transit would entail. These attitudes are relevant for the current situation connected with the so-called refugee crisis in the context of its influence on the multidimensional integration and the support of the Croatian society towards refugees. This paper analyzed attitudes toward refugees, focusing especially on the link of attitudes shown and socio-demographic characteristics. We focused on their national identity, frequency of contact with refugees, willingness to help and political positions. The research was undertaken through an online questionnaire. The relevant variables were gauged through three main factors – feeling of danger, equal treatment, and social distance. The results show that our sample has dominantly positive attitudes towards refugees despite a lack of contact. They show low perception of the feeling of danger and believe that there should be equal opportunities for all individuals living in or coming to Croatia. We obtained interesting correlations concerning national identity and the willingness to help. This paper focused on the attitudes of citizens in the contemporary Croatian context. It is relevant concerning potential influence that citizens’ attitudes (together with prejudices exposed) have on the success of the integration process of those individuals that decided to continue their lives in Croatia.
New technologies are taking us into an artificial dimension in which everyday reality is translated into immaterial entities, into digital information. Media hypnosis favors the torpor of critical ...and ethical conscience, while model images contribute to structuring the so - called “pathology of normality”, which, precisely because it is widely diffused, goes unnoticed. To clarify that it is not just about new technologies, but a new model of society, which is being established and that involves different aspects of thinking, feeling and acting human, transformed by the action of the new media. We will therefore try to examine some particularly significant areas for their existential, social and political value, treated here as many links of a single topic: man.
Cilj ovog rada je predložiti nov validan eksperimentalni pristup u istraživanju kreativnosti. Kao dobar primjer eksperimentalnog nacrta predloženo je korištenje fotografija iz IAPS baze, ukrštanih po ...principu duplih ekspozicija, kao stimulusa koji kod ispitanika treba izazvati kreativan odgovor, na osnovi Rotenbergovih nalaza o efektima homospacijalnog mišljenja. Za ocjenu kreativnosti odgovora predložen je novokonstruirani koeficijent kreativnosti. Zatim je predložena upotreba novih tehnologija u eksperimentalne svrhe radi povećanja brzine i preciznosti mjerenja, i eliminacije sistemskih grešaka, kao i društvenih mreža i novih medija za prikupljanje podataka. Ovakav pristup omogućava prevladavanje subjektivnosti i empirijsku provjeru teorijskih postavki u pokušaju da se odgovori na otvorena pitanja o prirodi kreativnosti.
Desiderius Erasmus considered that the education of children has to start at an early age. To get a better understanding of Erasmus’ theories about the education, this paper analyses the use of his ...term eruditio, but also the use of terms such as ratio, usus and philosophia. The aim is to point out the interesting link between the contemporary understanding of critical thinking and Erasmus’ concept of eruditio. Furthermore, for a better understanding of his perception of education (but also of the connection of his theory with contemporary theories of critical thinking), we analyse Erasmus’ description of characteristics of a good teacher. Here mentioned description of a good teacher, in some aspects, link Erasmus with contemporary theorists (and practitioners) such as John Dewey and Oscar Brenifier. As early training and practice for the development of a proper inference, Erasmus suggests fables, language exercises and proverbs, which is similar to what contemporary theorists and practitioners of critical thinking and philosophy with children do.
Statistička pismenost jedna je od kritičnih vještina odraslih osoba potrebna za funkcioniranje u modernom društvu kao informiranih i aktivnih građana i zaposlenika, ali i često zanemarena vještina. ...Jedan od razloga može biti neujednačenost pri definiranju statističke pismenosti, zaključivanja i mišljenja, pri čemu se tri pojma isprepliću. Svrha rada jest ukazati na važnost statističke pismenosti, zaključivanja i mišljenja te pojmovno ih odrediti. U radu je predstavljen sistematizirani pregled pristupa pojmovnom određivanju statističke pismenosti, zaključivanja i mišljenja. Rezultat je predloženi okvir definicija uz prateće elemente znanja, dispozicije i razina obrazovnih ishoda. Specifična znanja, vještine i način razmišljanja uz primjenu u različitim područjima djelovanja argumenti su za priznavanje statističke pismenosti kao generičke kompetencije. Postavljanje definicija prvi je korak pri operacionalizaciji i implementaciji, uz implikacije vezane za poziciju u kurikulumu i provedbu.
In this paper the relationship between language, thought and philosophy is presented through a consideration of these themes in Ludwig Wittgenstein’s works. As Wittgenstein presented his views ...primarily as text fragments and not complete texts, they form a good basis for discussing the problem of how language is used in the contemporary world. This also implies a need to return to the questions concerning the frame of thought, and the role and tasks of philosophy at the beginning of the 21st century. Crucial in that sense is Wittgenstein’s understanding of language as activity, considerations of the position of thought, and view of philosophy as an activity that allows us to be confronted with flawed thinking. By dwelling on these key points of Wittgenstein’s philosophy, we stress the importance of continuous reconsideration of the boundaries of thought and language. This paper aims to show, through contradictions commonly detected in Wittgenstein’s thinking, to what extent we still continue to wonder about the basic philosophical questions regarding language faced with new forms brought through the development of technology.
Counterfactual reasoning – the construction of mental alternatives to reality – is an important part of theoretical thinking. In this kind of reasoning, which is expressed through the use of unreal ...conditional sentences, i.e. statements such as “if it were not for X, there would be no Y”, a hypothesis is established on the basis of an action/state/event that did not happen. An unfulfilled condition or cause from the past or present is connected with a potential effect. Thus, counterfactual reasoning is important in the formation of ethical/political and scientific reflections. While conducting empirical research, Alfred Bloom concluded that Chinese speakers are not inclined to counterfactual reasoning. Bloom links this with a deficit in equivalent grammatical markers for unreal conditionality in the modern standard Chinese language. Bloom shows that the modern Chinese language has no extricated lexical, grammatical, or tonal markers for counterfactuality. This paper will examine Bloom’s thesis in the area of the Old Chinese language and classical Chinese texts. Research will be carried out on two levels. On the first, linguistic level, it will be determined if there are unreal conditional constructions in Old Chinese. On the second, discursive level, the presence/absence and rhetorical role of counterfactual thinking in classical Chinese philosophical and historical texts will be examined. Consideration of the relationship between the grammatical structures of the Old Chinese language and counterfactual reasoning will contribute to an understanding of the nature of classical Chinese philosophical thought and the relationship between the Old Chinese language and thinking, especially regarding the issue of the extent to which the formation of a specific thinking/philosophy is conditioned by the morphosyntactic structures of the language it is built upon. Secondly, due to the importance of counterfactual reasoning in the formation of theoretical thinking, this research provides additional insight into the “predispositions” of the Old Chinese language towards the formation of philosophical and scientific discourse.
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