Introduction: Most of the patients feel pain 4 hours after the arch applying, gaining the highest level after 24 hours and its lowering in the next few days. Literature reports show that the fear of ...pain is a very important reason for discouraging the patient to agree for this kind of orthodontic treatment The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the biostimulative laser treatment in pain reduction in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and methods. Fifteen patients were treated with low energy level biostimulative diode laser, used 2 minutes per quadrant immediately after placement of fixed orthodontic appliances and in the following four days. The control group of 15 patients received analgesic therapy for period of five days. The pain was assessed subjectively as strong, medium or no pain. The pain disappeared in 20% of the subjects in the examined group after the first day, while in 60% and 26.6% of the subjects medium and isolated pain was still present at day 2 and 3, respectively. Results. The pain disappeared in all the patients treated with laser at day 5. In the control group, strong pain was present in all the subjects the first day, decreasing to 60% of strong pain and 20% medium pain the second day. After day three, the control group demonstrated medium localized pain in 40% of the cases, which dropped to 26.6% after the fourth day, suggesting delayed pain reduction, compared to the laser treated group. Conclusion. Our results suggest that the low energy laser treatment can successfully be used for pain reduction during the initial discomfort period after placing fixed orthodontic appliances.
Cilj: Procijeniti varijacije debljine termoformiranih i 3D printanih prozirnih ortodontskih udlaga. Materijali i metode: Šest različitih termoplastičnih materijala s različitim početnim debljinama ...korišteno je za termoformiranje ortodontskih udlaga pomoću Biostar® uređaja (Biostar®, SCHEU-DENTAL GmbH, Iserlohn, Njemačka). Također, dvije različite dentalne smole korištene su za izradu 3D-printanih ortodontskih udlaga u tri digitalno dizajnirane debljine pomoću IZZI Direct pisača (3Dtech, Zagreb, Hrvatska). Ortodontske udlage su izmjerene elektroničkim mikrometrom (ELECTRONIC UNIVERSAL MICROMETER, Schut Geometrical Metrology, Groningen, Nizozemska, točnost: 0,001 mm) na ukupno 20 točaka po ortodontskoj udlazi. Statistička analiza provedena je s pomoću programa JASP (JASP, Sveučilište u Amsterdamu, Amsterdam, Nizozemska). Rezultati: Razlika između termoformiranih i printanih skupina bila je statistički značajna. Pronađene su značajne razlike između različitih termoformiranih materijala i između 3D printanih materijala. Debljina termoformiranih ortodontskih udlaga više je odstupala u gornjoj čeljusti, dok je debljina printanih ortodontskih udlaga više odstupala u donjoj čeljusti. Obje su razlike bile statistički značajne. Najveće prosječno odstupanje od početne
debljine utvrđeno je kod Durana 0,75; Erkodur 0,6; Erkoloc-Pro 1.0; IZZI 0,5; NextDent 0.6 i NextDent
A 0.6. NextDent skupina imala je najmanja odstupanja za sve zube obiju čeljusti, osim za gornji i donji prvi kutnjak gdje je NextDent A skupina bila preciznija. Zaključci: Termoformirane ortodontske udlage pokazale su smanjene vrijednosti, dok su printane pokazale uglavnom povećane vrijednosti u usporedbi s izvornom debljinom materijala. Najveću srednju devijaciju imala je skupina IZZI, a najmanju srednju devijaciju skupina NextDent. Debljina obje ortodontske udlage bila je manja na rubovima u usporedbi s debljinom na kvržicama u fisurama.
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