The textural characteristics of four different granites from the lower Himalayan regime in north-western Pakistan have been examined in relation to their effect on the mechanical nature of rock. ...Detailed petrographic examination and subsequent quantitative QEMSCAN analysis provide better understanding of the difference between their textures. Three of the granite types are slightly altered (Grade-II) whereas the other has a higher degree of alteration and corresponds to alteration Grade-III. The mechanical properties determined for each granite type include: unconfined compressive and tensile strength, elastic modulus, P-wave velocity, Schmidt hardness and dry density. Statistical analyses, combined with post-test petrography, demonstrate textural control on mechanical properties. The important petrographic characteristics influencing mechanical behaviour include modal concentration and grain size of individual minerals, mean grain size of rock and distribution of grain size within a rock. Recrystallization of minerals along boundaries has a pronounced effect on increased strength of granites. Texture, however, has a significant influence on the variation of strength of granites with similar alteration grade.
•Textural characteristics of four different granites are examined•Three of granite types have alteration Grade-II while other has Grade-III•Strength, hardness, density, voids and ultrasonic velocity have been determined•Statistical analyses and post-test petrography relate textures with rock strength•Textural features have major influence on granite strength with similar alteration
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Introduction: Established in 1994, Pakistan's polio program demonstrated early success. However, despite over 120 supplementary immunization activities in the last decade, polio eradication efforts ...in Pakistan have been unable to achieve their objective of halting polio transmission. Variable governance, and inconsistent leadership and accountability have hindered the success of the polio program and the quality of the campaigns. Insecurity and terrorism has interrupted polio activities, and community fears and misbeliefs about polio vaccinations continue to persist.
Areas covered: The article consists of a systematic review of the barriers and facilitators associated with the delivery of polio eradication activities in Pakistan. We also provide a comprehensive review of the policy and programmatic decisions made by the Pakistan Polio Programme since 1994. Searches were conducted on Embase and Medline databases and 25 gray literature sources.
Expert opinion: Polio eradication efforts must be integrated with other preventive health services, particularly immunization services. Addressing the underlying causes of polio refusals including underdevelopment and social exclusion will help counteract resistance to polio vaccination. Achieving polio eradication will require building health systems that provide comprehensive community-centered care, and improving governance and systems of accountability.
This book explores the richness of Pakistan's religious landscape and utilizes a number of topics in an investigation of how Islamist politicians seek to eradicate sectarian diversity and repress ...localized forms of Muslim folk practices in the name of a standardized, uniform and globalized version of Islam. The book examines forms of resistance to this Islamist globalization to repeal Pakistan's notorious blasphemy law and assert the worth of religious pluralism.
This book explores the role of the grass roots public administrative institution of DC & DM in historical context for Pakistan, and its viability for a meaningful democracy and stability of the ...country. The authors contend that Pakistan's democracy to-date lacks firm foundation, as evidenced by the country's disintegration in 1971, violence and drugs in the 80s, crime infested communities in the 90s, terrorism in the 2000s, and the current volatile situation in Balochistan and FATA, as well as high crime rate and lacking sense of security among the communities of Pakistan.
Abstract Rapid urbanisation in developing countries has often resulted in slums with minimal public goods provision, where the poor rely on clientelist networks to provide for their basic needs. ...Using household‐level data, this paper is the first to empirically document how political clientelism operates in Pakistani slums. It finds that urban brokers, unlike their rural counterparts, are unable to claim credit for public goods provision. Instead, they provide personalised and highly targeted services – such as dispute resolution and assistance with documentation. Moreover, unlike traditional clientelism, urban networks are found to be problem‐solving and welfare‐enhancing for slum dwellers.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Asteraceae is the largest flowering plant family with ∼19 11 genera and ∼32 913 species worldwide used in medicine and diet.
Data on Asteraceae flora was assembled from Google Scholar, PubMed, ...Medline, SciELO, Science Direct, Web of Science, books, and dissertations using specific keywords.
Overall, 198 species from 78 genera of Asteraceae with traditional uses have been reported in Pakistan with Artemisia (16.6%), Launea (4%), Sassurea (4%), Conyza (3.5%), Lactuca, and Taraxacum (3%) being widely used genera. Maximum studies were reported for Artemisia from Gilgit-Baltistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) following Sonchus from Punjab, Taraxamum and Xanthium from KPK. Herb was the dominant life form (86.88%) following shrubs (9.59%) and subshrubs (3.53%). Highly used plant parts include whole plant (46.96%), leaves (46.46%), and flowers (23.23%) with 12 preparation methods including decoction (64.64%), powder (29.79%), and paste (25.25%) maximally consumed orally (55%). The ethnomedicinal uses of Asteraceae were reported against ∼126 diseases specifically against gastrointestinal problems (70 species), fever (63 species), and skin diseases (50 species).
The baseline data from Pakistan provide comprehensive indigenous knowledge about Asteracea species against different diseases. The documentation of ethnobotany of rare species from unexplored areas of Pakistan is recommended to avoid the loss of traditional knowledge. Further toxicologic evaluation of Asteraceae species with emphasis on heavy metals profile could be a possible research line.
Display omitted
•Asteraceae is the largest plant family used in diet and medicine for centuries.•This review provides repository data on ethnobotany ofAsteraceae in Pakistan.•Ethnobotany of198 species from 78 Asteraceae genera was reported in Pakistan.•Artemisia, Launea, Sassurea, and Conyza were the highly used genera.•Ethnomedicinal uses of Asteraceae were reported against 126 diseases in Pakistan.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
477.
أروع المیزات من الأمثال العربیة Saleemullah Khan; Muhammad Shuaib Yousaf
Basīrat (Islāmābād, Pakistan),
02/2022, Volume:
10, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
There exists and important affiliation between religion and mediation. Pakistan has been fronting challenges of extremism and violence since decades. To find out roots of radicalism and ...violence in the society, government of Pakistan proclaimed a national narrative for promotion of peace in the society. The national narrative for peace recommended various policy steps to engage religious leaders for promotion of peace in the society. The present study is a consideration of novel responsiveness to the protagonist nature of religious authority (Ulamā) to build an inclusive and peaceful society. The research paper mainly highlights the importance and significance of Muslim religious leaders and Ulamā in Pakistani society, factors promoting extremism and violence in society. Secondly it tries to shed light on the role of Muslim authority to promote Islamic ethics of disagreement and to counter violence in society. The originality and value of this study is obvious in the current situation of Pakistan. It suggests various recommendations make Muslim religious authority an active member of securing peace in Pakistan.
An integrated study using geophysical method in combination with pumping tests and geochemical method was carried out to delineate groundwater potential zones in Mian Channu area of Pakistan. ...Vertical electrical soundings (VES) using Schlumberger configuration with maximum current electrode spacing (AB/2 = 200 m) were conducted at 50 stations and 10 pumping tests at borehole sites were performed in close proximity to 10 of the VES stations. The aim of this study is to establish a correlation between the hydraulic parameters obtained from geophysical method and pumping tests so that the aquifer potential can be estimated from the geoelectrical surface measurements where no pumping tests exist. The aquifer parameters, namely, transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity were estimated from Dar Zarrouyk parameters by interpreting the layer parameters such as true resistivities and thicknesses. Geoelectrical succession of five‐layer strata (i.e., topsoil, clay, clay sand, sand, and sand gravel) with sand as a dominant lithology was found in the study area. Physicochemical parameters interpreted by World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization were well correlated with the aquifer parameters obtained by geoelectrical method and pumping tests. The aquifer potential zones identified by modeled resistivity, Dar Zarrouk parameters, pumped aquifer parameters, and physicochemical parameters reveal that sand and gravel sand with high values of transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity are highly promising water bearing layers in northwest of the study area. Strong correlation between estimated and pumped aquifer parameters suggest that, in case of sparse well data, geophysical technique is useful to estimate the hydraulic potential of the aquifer with varying lithology.
Article impact statement: An integrated geoelectrical method as a tool for the evaluation of groundwater potential in Mian Channu area of Pakistan.
Full text
Available for:
FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The proper understanding of earthquake geometry and location is very important to understand the seismicity of an area. In the present study, 185 earthquakes that occurred in the northwest Himalaya ...of magnitude M
w
> 0.6 between 2010 and 2013 were relocated using the Modified Joint Hypocenter Determination method. After examining seven velocity models, average
V
P
/
V
S
~ 1.73 computed by Wadati diagram is used to improve the hypocenter locations of the earthquakes. Based on hypocentral distributions, these earthquakes were classified into four groups. Group 1 is along the Punjal Thrust in Hazara Kashmir Syntaxes. Group 2 belongs to the Indus-Kohistan Seismic Zone whereas group 3 is along the Besham dome and the fourth group is along the Main Mantle Thrust. Shallow crustal earthquakes were relocated to 0–50 km, deep earthquakes were relocated to 50–100 km, and much deep earthquakes were relocated to 250–350 km depth. This analysis will be helpful to understand the seismicity of the northwest Himalaya of Pakistan.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Groundwater contamination is a global problem that has a significant impact on human health and ecological services. Studies reported in this special issue focus on contaminants in groundwater of ...geogenic and anthropogenic origin distributed over a wide geographic range, with contributions from researchers studying groundwater contamination in India, China, Pakistan, Turkey, Ethiopia, and Nigeria. Thus, this special issue reports on the latest research conducted in the eastern hemisphere on the sources and scale of groundwater contamination and the consequences for human health and the environment, as well as technologies for removing selected contaminants from groundwater. In this article, the state of the science on groundwater contamination is reviewed, and the papers published in this special issue are summarized in terms of their contributions to the literature. Finally, some key issues for advancing research on groundwater contamination are proposed.
Full text
Available for:
CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
PDF
