The assemblage of hymenopteran parasitoids associated with the invasive lime leaf miner
Phyllonorycter issikii
(Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae), developing on the lime
Tilia cordata
, was studied in ...Kurgan Province (Lake Medvezhye) and in the cities of Tobolsk, Omsk, and Novosibirsk during 2018–2019. Twenty-one species of parasitoids of
Ph. issikii
were recorded:
Pteromalus
sp. (Pteromalidae),
Cirrospilus diallus
,
Elachertus
sp.,
Hyssopus geniculatus
,
H. nigritulus
,
Pnigalio mediterraneus
,
Pnigalio
sp.,
Sympiesis dolichogaster
,
S. gordius
,
S. sericeicornis
,
Chrysocharis laomedon
,
Ch. pentheus
,
Ch. pubicornis
,
Ch. viridis
,
Chrysocharis
sp.,
Neochrysocharis formosus
,
Minotetrastichus frontalis
(Eulophidae),
Colastes braconius
,
Apanteles
sp.,
Pholetesor circumscriptus
, and
Cotesia
sp. (Braconidae).
Chrysocharis viridis
was recorded as a parasitoid of lime leaf miner for the first time. The role of parasitoids in the miner mortality was negligible, the mortality rate ranging from 1.9 ± 0.4% (Novosibirsk) to 23.7 ± 3.3% (Omsk).
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The ecological relationships of native dendrobiont arthropods with the mines of the invasive species
Phyllonorycter issikii
(Kumata, 1963) (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) were studied in Udmurtia ...during 2016–2023. A complex of predators of
Ph. issikii
has been identified. Thrips
Haplothrips subtilissimus
(Haliday, 1852) (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae) and mite
Anystis
sp. (Trombidiformes, Anystidae) have been reported as predators of the leaf miner for the first time.
Valenzuela flavidus
(Stephens, 1836) (Caeciliusidae),
Oenopia conglobata
(Linnaeus, 1758) (Coccinellidae), and
Clubiona
sp. (Clubionidae) use
Ph.
issikii
mines as a cover.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The assemblage of hymenopteran parasitoids associated with the invasive lime leafminer
Phyllonorycter issikii
(Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), which develops on the lime
Tilia cordata
, was studied in ...Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Yekaterinburg, and Tyumen cities in 2016–2017. Thirteen species of parasitoids of
Ph. issikii
were revealed:
Pnigalio agraules, P. pectinicornis, P. soemius, Sympiesis gordius, S. sericeicornis, Cirrospilus lyncus, C. pictus, Hyssopus geniculatus, Chrysocharis laomedon, Ch. nephereus, Achrysocharoides altilis, Minotetrastichus frontalis
(Eulophidae), and
Pholetesor circumscriptus
(Braconidae). The species
A. altilis
was recorded as a parasitoid of the lime leafminer for the first time. The mortality rate of
Ph. issikii
due to parasitoids was negligible, ranging from 1.4 ± 0.4% in Kazan to 15.5 ± 2.4% in Tyumen.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The lime leaf miner Phyllonorycter issikii (Kumata) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is an east Asian pest, which has recently distributed across the Palaearctic. Here, we provide the novel data on the ...diversity of its parasitoids in the Russian Far East (native region) and western Siberia (invaded region). Overall, 19 parasitoids from the Eulophidae (17 species) and Braconidae (2 species) reared from the Ph. issikii larvae and pupae were identified based on morphology and/or DNA barcoding. Among them, 12 species were detected in the Primorskiy Territory (Russian Far East) and 10 species in the Novosibirsk Province (Western Siberia), with only 3 shared species, namely Chrysocharis laomedon (Walker), Elachertus inunctus Nees and Sympiesis gordius (Walker). Pleurotroppopsis japonica (Kamijo) is a novel record for Russia, whereas the other eight eulophids are novel for the Novosibisk Province and two for the Primorskiy Territory. The eulophid Mischotetrastichus nadezhdae (Kostjukov) was recorded as a parasitoid of Ph. issikii for the first time. Four new species were described from the Primorskiy Territory: Achrysocharoides nagasawi sp. nov., A. carinatus sp. nov., Cirrospilus ussuriensis sp. nov., Pholetesor nataliae sp. nov. For all parasitoids, the distribution and hosts are listed; the majority of the species are illustrated. In addition, a checklist of the Ph. issikii parasitoids counting 79 species is compiled for the Palaearctic region.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Data on the species composition and dynamics of outbreaks of needle- and leaf-eating pests that pose a danger to forest stands in Arkhangelsk, Leningrad, and Murmansk oblasts, as well as in the ...republics of Karelia and Komi, have been summarized and analyzed. A significant decrease in the frequency of reproduction outbreaks of certain types of needle- and leaf-eating pests is shown, which corresponds to the trends for some other regions. For the pine looper (
Bupalus piniaria
(L.)), the pine beauty (
Pannolis flammea
), the buff-tip (
Phalera bucephala
(L.)), the rusty tussock moth (
Orgyia antiqua
(L.)), and the white satin moth (
Leucoma salicis
(L.)), which have had a few mass reproduction outbreaks in the aforementioned regions, no significant increase in population density has been observed for 25 years or more. An increase in outbreak activity and expansion of the damage area to the north is likely for the winter moth (
Operophtera brumata
(L.)) and the autumnal moth (
Epirrita autumnata
). The larch tortrix (
Zeiraphera griseana
) and the spruce sawfly (
Gilpinia hercynia
) are in the list of potential dangers as well. These species have had only one reproduction outbreak, but it was extremely extensive. The red pine sawfly (
Neodiprion sertifer
Geoffr.) and possibly the common pine sawfly (
Diprion pini
(L.)) will continue playing a significant role as pests of young stands. The dynamics of their outbreaks, apparently, is determined by climatic changes and, to no lesser extent, by the presence of large areas of conifer regeneration. An increase in the fluctuation amplitude of the population density of the pests in urban plantations is likely to occur, especially for miner moths (
Phyllonorycter isskii,
Ph. populifoliella and Ph. apparella), for which the current climate warming is a fundamentally important factor.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Phyllonorycter issikii (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) has recently spread over a considerable part of the Eurasian continent. So far, in Europe, unlike in Russia, it has not significantly affected its ...food plant (Tilia cordata), but its effect may increase over time. The regulating potential of associated parasitoid natural enemies is still low, which probably allows further leaf miner range expansion and population growth. This species is potentially capable of inflicting considerable damage on its host. Therefore, it is important to study its natural enemies, especially their oviposition behaviour and biology. In this paper, we summarize the results of rearing experiments throughout the area it has recently occupied, including our own study in Hungary. Here we list 46 species of parasitoids recorded from P. issikii. None of these species are likely to be able regulate the abundance of P. issikii. Further studies are needed to determine their effect on the abundance of this host.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The influence of the number of generations on the dynamics of lime leaf miner
Phyllonorycter issikii
(Kumata, 1963) was investigated for the first time on four sample plots in the city of Izhevsk ...(Udmurtia) within the period from 2001 to 2020. The existence of the second generation of the miner depends on the climatic features of the season. The second generation of the miner was observed under the condition that the first generation of the species managed to complete its development in the last ten days of June. If this happened in July, there was no second generation. The variability of phenology influences the dynamics of the invasive species. The density of miner population in limes grew in the current year if in the previous season there was only one generation of the miner. The figure fell if in the previous season there were two generations. The reduction of
Ph. issikii
density per year with two generations could have occurred owing to a decrease in life span and the actual fecundity of females, as well as the survival rate of the second generation of the miner. This led to a significant reduction in the number of wintering moths.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This study looks into the analysis of food plants of invasive lime leafminer
Phyllonorycter issikii
(Kumata, 1963) (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae). The miner develops in 12 species of the genus of
...Tilia
, the family Malvaceae; i.e., it is a strict oligophage. In so doing, moth caterpillars damage six native species in the donor region and four native and five introduced species in the recipient region. In Europe, the miner inflicts the severest damage to small-leaved lime (
T. cordata
Mill.). Damage thresholds are presented for the
Ph. issikii
−
T. cordata
system. The ability of miner caterpillars to successfully develop on the leaves of American basswood (
T. americana
L.) makes the species potentially dangerous for lime tree plantations in North America.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The history, rates, and factors of the invasion of lime leafminer
Phyllonorycter issikii
Kumata, 1963 (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) in Eurasia are studied. In 27 years (from 1985 to 2011), the ...leafminer range in Europe and Western Siberia reached 4086000 km
2
or 60.4% of the total range of the indigenous species of the
Tilia
genus. It is reported that the leafminer undergoes three stages of invasion (arrival, establishment, and spread) over a period three years. The maximum invasion rates (from 80 to 85 km per year) of westward and eastward spread from the recipient range were measured. It is shown that the rate of invasion slows down on the boundary of a host-plant range. The high rate of invasion of the lime leafminer
Ph. issikii
is associated with the conditions as follows: a wide range of host trees, a lack of any regulation effects of the third trophic level representatives, and no direct rival of the leafminer. In addition, the high reproductive potential of the species, the pattern of its dispersal (anemochory), and the possibility to transform the ratio between the intrapopulation forms under the impact of population density can contribute to this process.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The article deals with new information on eulophid wasps in the complex of parasitoids of Phyllonorycter issikii (Kumata, 1963). The article presents new data on preimaginal stages, parasitism and ...relations of eulophid wasps
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