•Determination of peat stratigraphy, peat thickness and basin morphology.•Comparison of geophysical and conventional approaches in peatland environment.•3D model was created from GPR data to ...visualize the morphology.•Peatland formed from four smaller lakes which were later joined in one lake.
Owing to their anoxic environment, peatlands play an important role in the preservation of records documenting past atmospheric depositions. To determine past records, data on peat stratigraphy and bog development are needed. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used to determine the peat thickness and morphology of the Šijec bog on the Pokljuka plateau in Slovenia, which will serve as a basis for further geochemical studies. Information on the stratigraphy below the peat/clay boundary was acquired by applying electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The GPR results reveal four depressions within the peat bog, which are separated by elevated ridges. Within the depressions the peat reaches a depth of 6–9 m. The edges of the bog are flat, with peat thickness ranging from 2 to 4 m. The reach of the GPR was complemented with manual peat probing. A comparison of the depths obtained using GPR and the peat probe reveals that the results of both methods correspond well in most locations. The ERT indicated similar peat depths; peat responds with high electrical resistivity. In contrast, clayey sediments with low resistivity are found below the peat. The peat depressions are underlain with larger clayey depressions reaching more than 20 m in thickness and represent lake sediments. The complementary geophysical methods proved to be an efficient approach with which we can delineate the peat morphology and the underlying stratigraphy. Both indicate bog formation from a lake with four deeper depressions, that are separated by glacial deposits. The results presented here show the potential for geophysical methods to infer formational processes in peatlands, showing the presence of a series of isolated basins that later coalesced into a single peat landform. This interpretation is consistent with previous conceptual models from studies in boreal regions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The uppermost Ladinian to Lower Jurassic Zatrnik Formation is the lithostratigraphic unit of the Mesozoic deeper marine Bled Basin. The uppermost part of the Zatrnik Formation and the transition into ...the overlying Ribnica Breccia was logged at the Zajamniki mountain pasture on the Pokljuka mountain plateau in the Julian Alps. The lowermost part the section belongs to the “classical” Zatrnik Formation and is dominated by beige micritic limestone and fine-grained calcarenite. Foraminifers Siphovalvulina, ?Everticyclammina, ?Mesoendothyra and ?Pseudopfenderina are present, indicating Early Jurassic age. The beige limestone is followed by light pink limestone of the uppermost Zatrnik Formation. Slumps are common in this interval, and crinoids are abundant. Alongside some species already present in beds lower in the succession, Meandrovoluta asiagoensis Fugagnoli & Rettori, Trocholina sp., Valvulinidae, small Textulariidae, Lagenida, and small ?Ophthalmidium also occur in this interval. Resedimented limestone predominates through the studied part of the Zatrnik Formation, indicating deposition on the slope or at the foot of the slope of the basin. The switch to crinoid-rich facies within the slumped interval of the Zatrnik Formation may reflect accelerated subsidence of the margins of the Julian Carbonate Platform in the Pliensbachian. The Zatrnik Formation is followed by the formation of the Pliensbachian (?) Ribnica Breccia. Impregnations of ferromanganese oxides, violet colour, and an increase in clay content are characteristic. The foraminiferal assemblage consists of Lenticulina, small elongated Lagenida, and epistominids. Individual beds of the Ribnica Breccia were deposited via debris flows. Enrichments in ferromanganese oxides point to slower sedimentation.
Lower Cretaceous syn-orogenic sediments derived from the obducted ophiolites of the Meliata–Maliac–Vardar (Neotethys) Ocean are typically found in the Dinarides and the Austroalpine units. ...Correlative flysch-type deposits linking both regions through the Southern Alps had been reported from the Bohinj area (NW Slovenia), but their stratigraphic and structural framework remained poorly known. Our research focused on stratigraphic and structural field studies in a 50 km
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area between Lake Bled and Lake Bohinj in the Julian Alps. The mixed carbonate–siliciclastic sediments, informally named the Studor formation, range in age from the Valanginian (possibly late Berriasian) to the Aptian. They occur on top of two different stratigraphic successions, which we assign to two separate nappes. The first succession consists of deep-water Middle Triassic to Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Bled Basin and belongs to the Pokljuka Nappe, which is the uppermost nappe of the Julian nappe stack. The second succession consists of Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic platform carbonates and a thin Jurassic–Cretaceous deep-water sequence. This succession was deposited in the marginal area of the Julian Carbonate Platform/Julian High and now belongs to the underlying Krn Nappe. The original (Dinaric) thrust contacts between the Pokljuka and Krn nappes are obliterated by younger deformations. The present-day boundaries between these two nappes are steep NE–SW and younger NW–SE trending faults. The post-nappe deformation sequence characterizing the Alps–Dinarides transition zone has been recognized: (1) Oligocene–Early Miocene NW–SE contraction; (2) Early–Middle Miocene extension; and (3) Late Miocene to recent inversion and transpression.
Planina Klek sodi med najstarejša pašna področja na Pokljuki, v regiji pa so bila najdena tudi rimska, poznoantična in zgodnjesrednjeveška arheološka najdišča. V tem članku predstavljamo rezultate ...palinoloških in pedoloških raziskav, ki kažejo na razmeroma zgoden vpliv človeka na okolje alpskih habitatov, kar je – morda že v bronasti dobi – povzročilo erozijo tal in spremembo v sestavi vegetacije. Pelod, značilen za travnike, pašnike in ruderalna območja se pojavi že po pribl. 4000 cal. BC, prva pelodna zrna žitaric pa nekoliko kasneje, verjetno v pozni prazgodovini, pred pribl. 500 cal. BC (točno starost je težko določiti).
The paper deals with traffic management strategy in the preserved forest area of the Pokljuka highland in the centre of the Triglav National Park in Slovenia. The idea of traffic management was ...raised by an increased number of visitors especially during the high touristseason. The management includes public and forest roads with special emphasis on ownership issues. The strategy foresees two-step management regulation of transport – parking and soft approach – informing. The strategy proposes the regulation of parking lots in the valley and on the plateau of Pokljuka, introducing alternative public transport, fees, providing wider tourist offer on the plateau and providing visitors with information about the natural environment, protected natural and forest areas, national park itself, code of behaviour in the natural environment, etc. The proposed traffic management strategy should be accepted by all sectors concerned in the studied area.
Extended description:
Včeraj smo si na Pokljuki ogledali trening osmih najboljših jugoslovanskem smučarjev-skakalcev, ki se že tri dni pripravljajo za letošnjo sezono. Pred tem so trenirali že pri ...češki koči, na Vršiču, zaradi pomanjkanja snega pa tudi v Italiji na skakalnici z umetne mase. Njihov dan je načrtno razdeljen. Pod vodstvom trenerja smučarske zveze Slovenije Lojzeta Gorjanca prično vaditi že na vse zgodaj.Najprej teki, zatem vaje za ogrevanje, na programu je tudi posebni trening.Skakalnica je le streljaj od doma. Svetovni rekorder Jože Šlibar je spet v stari formi. Med mlajšimi je na treningu tudi Koprivšek. Njegov slog je podoben Pečarjevemu, le da je Pečar, ki ga pravkar vidimo na zaslonu, precej bolj siguren. Tudi dvakratni prvak Božo Jemc se že zdaj odlikuje z lepim slogom in dolgimi skoki.Trener Lojze Gorjan je zadovoljen z njimi. trening je sicer naporen, vendar pa uspešen,in vsi skupaj upajo, da se bodo na bližnjem svetovnem prvenstvu, ki bo v Zakopanah na Poljskem od 18. do 25. februarja, dobro odrezali.Čim zapade dovolj snega, se bodo preselili na 80 metrsko skakalnico v Planico, kjer bodo našli boljše pogoje za svoj trening. 40 metrska skakalnica na Pokljuki je sicer dobra, zaradi strmega izteka, pa se večina tekmovalcev, kljub sigurnemu skoku težko obdrži na nogah.
Information:
Pokljuka: Ski jumpers training: Lojze Gorjanc, Marjan Pečar, Božo Jemc and Jože Šlibar.
Original language summary:
Pokljuka: trening smučarskih skakalcev; Lojze Gorjanc, Marjan Pečar, Božo Jemc, Jože Šlibar.
The paper deals with traffic management strategy in the preserved forest area of the Pokljuka highland in the centre of the Triglav National Park in Slovenia. The idea of traffic management was ...raised by an increased number of visitors especially during the high tourist season. The management includes public and forest roads with special emphasis on ownership issues. The strategy foresees two-step management regulation of transport – parking and soft approach – informing. The strategy proposes the regulation of parking lots in the valley and on the plateau of Pokljuka, introducing alternative public transport, fees, providing wider tourist offer on the plateau and providing visitors with information about the natural environment, protected natural and forest areas, national park itself, code of behaviour in the natural environment, etc. The proposed traffic management strategy should be accepted by all sectors concerned in the studied area.
Extended description:
Panorama Bled, Blejsko jezero, smučarji tekači na Pokljuki, skoki pionirjev in mladincev, trening smučarskih tekačev, trener Viktor Brezovšek daje navodila, skakalci s trenerjem ...Ludvik Zajc, Vojko Blaznik, Janez Demšar, Janez Loštrek, Marko Mlakar, Bogdan Norčič, Danilo Pudgar, Peter Štefančič, Ivo Zupan, Dušan Justin, priprava kuclja za skoke od 7 do 10 metrov, Norčič za zabavo malčkov izvede skok na kuclju. Priprava prave skakalnice, 50 metrske skakalnice, skoki reprezentantov. Pogovor trener Ludvik Zajc in Mito Trefalt, skoki, delo trenerja - opazovanje, trening, vaje za motoriko in akrobatika.
Information:
A report about the preparations of the national ski jumping team members.
Original language summary:
Reportaža o pripravah državnih reprezentantov v smučarskih skokih.
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Gobarska sezona se je začela in to prva, odkar velja nova uredba o varstvu samoniklih gliv. Pravila so stroga, kazni za kršitelje pa visoke. Toda ker po gozdovih ni učinkovitega nadzora, se gobarji za uredbo pogosto ne menijo. Prvi letošnji nadzor na Pokljuki je spremljala tudi naša ekipa.
Information:
Pokljuka, mushroom picking season. A decree for self-sown mushroom protection, mushroom pickers and mushrooms. Statements by Marjyn Štempihar, a forestry inspector; Andrej Avsenek, Forestry Department; and Slavko Ličef, a forest ranger.
Original language summary:
Pokljuka: gobarska sezona, odlok o varstvu samoniklih gob; gobarji, gobe, izjave Marjan Štempihar, gozdarski inšpektor, Andrej Avsenek, Zavod za gozdove, Slavko Ličef, revirni gozdar.
Extended description:
Ob prehodu iz vročega poletja v deževno jesen so se voljno odprla tla v naših gozdovih. Na Gorjancih, na Pohorju, na Pokljuki, v hribovskem in ravninskem smrečju pa v hrastju in ...bukovju je zemlja z nenavadno silovitostjo vrgla iz sebe velike količine rastlinskega mesa, ki mu pravimo gobe.
Kadri, ki jih gledamo, so bili posneti na Pokljuki. V poslednjih nedeljah, pa tudi v dneh dopustov, vdira domala na tisoče ljudi v to zakladnico jurčkov. Odnašajo iz nje tone in tone zdravih pšeničnih gobanov, da bi jih vložili v kis, ali jih pojedli sveže v brezštevilnih gastronomskih receptih.
Včasih je bilo nabiranje gob predvsem domena po-deželskih krajev, zlasti kmečkih otrok. Zdaj so se razmere spreobrnile tako, da je videti v gozdovih sredi gobje sezone skoraj več mestnih ljudi. Družine in družbe prihajajo z avtomobili po gozdnih cestah, puščajo potem fičke v senčnih zatišjih, ter nato s cekarji, mrežami in torbami v rokah začenjajo dolgotrajne pohode po mahovitih preprogah. To so izleti, da je kaj! V osvežujoči tišini gozda nabiralci doživljajo zares nepozabne lepote in radosti. In zanimivo je, kako ti naši mestni ljudje postajajo pravi gobji specialisti. Sleherni samotni iskalec vam ve kmalu povedati, kakšni gozdni tereni so pravi in na kakšnih tleh ni vredno iskati, kakšno vreme je za gobjo rast ugodno in kako to najkoristneje dopolnjujeta dež in sončna toplota, kako jurček preneha rasti, brž ko ga človek ugleda in ob katerih mesečevih menah bo žetev najobilnejša. In še nekaj je zanimivo: čeprav ljudje ob nabiranju spoznavajo različne vrste užitnih gob, ki morda jurčke po okusu visoko prekašajo, vendarle jemljejo zgolj jurčke. Nekakšno tradicionalno estetsko ocenjevanje jih vodi k trdovratnemu sklepu, da je jurček - in še zlasti ajdovček - edino pravi gobji kralj.
Modro ukrepajo tisti gobarji, ki jurčke sušijo. Vsem tem se obeta simpatična priloga k jedilniku za zimske čase. Tako bodo letos gobe, ta ne planirani proizvod, nadomestile v družbeni prehrani znatne količine drugih hranil.
Seveda, s sušenjem ni malo dela. Ta dokaj kočljiva skrb pada večinoma na ramena gospodinj. Če se vrste sončni dnevi, jurčkov ni težko posušiti. Teže je kajpak takrat, ko je treba iskati druge vire toplote. No, najkasneje v dveh ali treh dneh bo krhka gobja suhljad našla svoj prostor v vrečici ali škrniclju, ki ga bo družina hranila čim dlje od sleherne vlage.
Marsikje - to pa seveda spet velja zlasti za podeželska področja - nabirajo in suše gobe zgolj za prodajo. Dobra gobja sezona pomeni izdaten vir dohodka za marsikatero vas. To blago zbirajo kmetijske zadruge in ga potem prodajajo osrednjemu odkupnemu podjetju Gosad. Že leta nazaj izvozi to podjetje v tujino za nekaj sto tisoč dolarjev suhih gob in gozdnih zdravilnih zelišč.
Vsaka vrečica suhih gob, ki jo prinese naš človek v kmetijsko zadrugo v kmetijsko, pomeni tri, pet, deset dolarjev dragocenih deviz, ki jih bo lahko naša skupnost koristno obrnila. Te devize nam kanejo kot rosa iz neba, saj jih ustvarimo brez investicij, brez uporabe surovin in reprodukcijskega materiala. Ali bolje rečeno, glavna surovina za »gobarsko proizvodnjo« so sonce, zrak in dež, teh pa , kot vemo, ni treba niti uvažati, niti pridobivati v potu svojega obraza.
Ni dvoma, da bi morali te blagre, ki nam jih darujejo rodovitna tla naših gozdov še dokaj intenzivneje izkoriščati. Predvsem bi morali poživiti propagando za nabiranje in vložiti še večje napore v smotrno organizacijo odkupa. Letošnja imenitna gobja letina prav spontano opozarja na ti dve ugotovitvi.
Information:
Pokljuka: mushroom picking as an opportunity for extra income; a close-up of flap mushrooms (boletus), drying, buying-in at an agricultural cooperative in Škofja Loka.
Original language summary:
Pokljuka: nabiranje gob, priložnost za dodaten zaslužek; jurčki od blizu, sušenje, odkup suhih gob v kmetijski zadrugi v Škofji Loki.
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