In this sophisticated theoretical work, Masaru Kohno presents a systematic reexamination of the evolution of party politics in Japan since the end of the second World War. Because of the long ...one-party dominance by the Liberal Democratic Party, Japan's parliamentary democracy has often been viewed as unique in the developed world, and most of the existing studies of Japanese party politics have addressed such determinants as its political culture, historical background, and socio-ideological cleavages. According to the author, these explanations do not adequately account for some of the most important changes that took place in Japanese party politics during the postwar period. This study advances an alternative set of interpretations based on a microanalytic approach that highlights the incentive and bargaining power of individual political actors, and their competitive and strategic behavior under existing institutional constraints. According to Kohno, the evolution of political life in postwar Japan depends on the same factors that are acknowledged to be at work in other industrialized nations. He reveals, through detailed case studies of government formation processes and statistical examinations of candidate nomination patterns, that the microanalytic approach can establish forward-looking and internally consistent interpretations of the postwar development of Japanese party politics. Because Japan has usually been treated as a country of unique cultural, historical, and societal characteristics, the analyses of this study point to the broader applicability of the microanalytic approach in the field of comparative politics, especially for the exploration of party competition in advanced industrial democracies.
This truly comparative volume examines the "life cycle" of party governments in Europe from 1990 onwards, and analyses its role and function in contemporary European parliamentary democracies.
The ...life and the performance of party governments in Europe became more and more volatile and publicly contested. In some cases, it has even challenge the democratic quality of the state. This book presents comparative analyses of party governments from formation and duration, to performance. It brings together some of the foremost scholars researching on party government to evaluate existing theories and compare both the developments in the Western and the 'new' Eastern Europe in an empirically-grounded comparative analysis. The book discusses the interaction between various institutions, political parties and policies, and evaluates how institutional change and party behaviour can drive the "life cycle" of party government.
Party Government in the New Europe will be of interest to students and scholars of Comparative Politics, Democracy, Government and European Politics.
This book investigates the creation of the first truly nationalized party organizations in the United States in the late nineteenth century, an innovation that reversed the parties' traditional ...privileging of state and local interests in nominating campaigns and the conduct of national campaigns. Between 1880 and 1896, party elites crafted a defense of these national organizations that charted the theoretical parameters of American party development into the twentieth century. With empowered national committees and a new understanding of the parties' role in the political system, national party leaders dominated American politics in new ways, renewed the parties' legitimacy in an increasingly pluralistic and nationalized political environment, and thus maintained their relevance throughout the twentieth century. The new organizations particularly served the interests of presidents and presidential candidates, and the little-studied presidencies of the late nineteenth century demonstrate the first stirrings of modern presidential party leadership.
Presidents, Parties, and Prime Ministers Samuels, David J.; Shugart, Matthew S.
Presidents, parties, and prime ministers: how the separation of powers affects party organization and behavior,
05/2010
eBook
This book provides a framework for analyzing the impact of the separation of powers on party politics. Conventional political science wisdom assumes that democracy is impossible without political ...parties, because parties fulfil all the key functions of democratic governance. They nominate candidates, coordinate campaigns, aggregate interests, formulate and implement policy, and manage government power. When scholars first asserted the essential connection between parties and democracy, most of the world's democracies were parliamentary. Yet by the dawn of the twenty-first century, most democracies had directly elected presidents. David J. Samuels and Matthew S. Shugart provide a theoretical framework for analyzing variation in the relationships among presidents, parties, and prime ministers across the world's democracies, revealing the important ways that the separation of powers alters party organization and behavior - thereby changing the nature of democratic representation and accountability.
El Partido Nacionalista Vasco / Eusko Alderdi Jeltzalea (EAJ-PNV) se ha convertido en uno de los principales referentes de la política autonómica a lo largo de los últimos cuarenta años. Este ...trabajo analiza los factores que han influido en el comportamiento electoral de sus votantes en las elecciones autonómicas vascas, desde 1994 hasta las de 2020. Siguiendo la estela de la mayoría de estudios sobre comportamiento electoral vasco, se tomarán como referencia las dimensiones nacionalista e ideológica, pero ampliando el foco más allá de ellas. En este sentido, se plantean tres objetivos específicos: a) estudiar la ubicación en ambas dimensiones del PNV, en función de la autoubicación de sus votantes; b) analizar la distancia percibida de su electorado hacia el propio partido en ambos ejes utilizando modelos espaciales; y c) realizar un análisis de los componentes de voto mediante regresiones logísticas, poniendo la atención en otro tipo de variables. En lo referente al tercer y principal apartado, los resultados mostrarán la importancia de los factores relacionados con estos dos ejes, frente a otro tipo de variables sociodemográficas o temáticas. Sin embargo, elementos de carácter más afectivo sobre los que hasta ahora no se había puesto especial atención, como los liderazgos o la identificación partidista, se mostrarán altamente significativos a la hora de definir el comportamiento electoral de sus votantes.
The main aim of the book is to assess and explain the extent to which political parties across Europe as a whole succeed in representing diverse voters. We note two important features of the European ...political landscape that complicate the task of assessing party representation and that require its reassessment. First, the emergence of new democracies in post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe point to the possibility that representation is not only differentially achieved in West and East but may also be attained by different mechanisms. Second, parties in both West and East must now seek to represent voters that are increasingly diverse, specifically between partisan and independent supporters. We refer to the challenges of representation of diverse voters as the strain of representation’. The evidential basis for the empirical analysis are expert surveys that were conducted in 24 European countries on party positions that were merged with other available data on voters, party characteristics, and country conditions. The results point to both the representational capacities of parties in West and East and to the strain that parties face in representing diverse voters.
The term strategic management is mainly used to define operational plans that help us to achieve the company's internal goals. The broader definition of this word also includes setting goals, and the ...main expected result of strategic management in businesses is to create a competitive advantage for them. Competitive advantage is basically the advantage that a business has over its competitors in the same market. In fact, the correct implementation of strategic management helps companies to lead their activities in the market. A party or a political formation is an organizational, political and social entity that seeks to be effective in the country, this influence is usually done by nominating those with views aligned with the party to gain responsibilities, positions and political power. Political parties in Georgia participate in activities such as election campaigns, educational research or political protests. Parties usually seek to apply a specific ideology or a specific point of view that is mentioned with certain goals in their statute and programs, and causes the emergence of people with the same goals around the party axis. This research studied dimensions approaches of strategic management presence in the parties performance in Georgia. Keywords: Georgian party, strategic management, political parties, dimensions of strategic management, approach of political parties, State-Level Strategy
This book conducts a comparative analysis of political institutions and develops rigorous methods suitable for cross-national longitudinal analysis. An examination of political party systems in ...Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, and Ukraine shows striking differences of degrees and dynamics of political institutionalization in the five nations.
Latin America experienced an unprecedented wave of left-leaning governments between 1998 and 2010. This volume examines the causes of this leftward turn and the consequences it carries for the region ...in the twenty-first century.
The Resurgence of the Latin American Left asks three central questions: Why have left-wing parties and candidates flourished in Latin America? How have these leftist parties governed, particularly in terms of social and economic policy? What effects has the rise of the Left had on democracy and development in the region? The book addresses these questions through two sections. The first looks at several major themes regarding the contemporary Latin American Left, including whether Latin American public opinion actually shifted leftward in the 2000s, why the Left won in some countries but not in others, and how the left turn has affected market economies, social welfare, popular participation in politics, and citizenship rights. The second section examines social and economic policy and regime trajectories in eight cases: those of leftist governments in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Uruguay, and Venezuela, as well as that of a historically populist party that governed on the right in Peru.
Featuring a new typology of Left parties in Latin America, an original framework for identifying and categorizing variation among these governments, and contributions from prominent and influential scholars of Latin American politics, this historical-institutional approach to understanding the region’s left turn—and variation within it—is the most comprehensive explanation to date on the topic.
Iraqi Kurdistan Stansfield, Gareth R. V.
2003, 20030829, 2004-06-04, 2003-08-29, Volume:
1
eBook
The Iraqi Kurds have enjoyed de facto statehood in the north of Iraq for over a decade but Intra-Kurdish fighting, military incursions by Turkey and Iran and the constant threat posed by Saddam ...Hussein have plagued this 'democratic experiment'. In this book, Stansfield explores the development of the Kurdish political system since 1991. He examines the difficult and often violent relations between the two dominant powers, the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), and their relationship with the Kurdish Regional Government in order to understand the current state of Iraqi Kurdish politics and the operation of the state.This topical in-depth study identifies the main dynamics of Iraqi Kurdish politics, analyzes the record and potential of the 'Kurdish democratic experiment', and identifies the present and future Kurdish leaders.
