U radu se razmatra važnost fazne heuristike za razvoj javnih politika kao akademske discipline. Pod faznom heuristikom podrazumijeva se shvaćanje koje ističe da proces stvaranja politika prolazi kroz ...niz sukcesivnih faza, poput postavljanja dnevnog reda, formulacije, legitimiranja, implementacije i vrednovanja javnih politika. Rad se zasniva na razmatranju 66 knjiga objavljenih u razdoblju od 1968. do 2023., podijeljenih u dvije temeljne skupine: naslove koji daju cjeloviti prikaz faznog modela i naslove koji su bez cjelovitog prikaza tog modela. Rezultati analize knjiga koje su ušle u uzorak pokazuju da većina naslova ne slijedi obrazac fazne heuristike, premda i dalje značajan broj naslova, pogotovo kada je riječ o udžbenicima, jasno slijedi fazni narativ u prikazu stvaranja javnih politika. U radu se daje kratki prikaz razvoja fazne naracije usporedno s razvojem javnih politika kao akademske discipline, a prikazuju se i temeljne kritike takvog pristupa. U posljednjem se dijelu rada tematizira moguća uloga fazne heuristike u budućem razvoju teorijskih pristupa javnim politikama.
The paper discusses the importance of stages heuristics for the development of public policies as an academic discipline. The stages heuristic implies that the policy making process goes through a series of successive stages, such as agenda-setting, formulation, legitimation, implementation and evaluation of public policy. The paper is based on the consideration of 66 books published in the period from 1968 to 2023, divided into two basic groups: titles that provide a complete presentation of the stages model and titles that do not provide a complete presentation of that model. The results of the analysis of the books included in the sample show that the majority of titles do not follow the pattern of stages heuristic, although still a significant number of titles, especially when it comes to textbooks, clearly follow the phase narrative in the presentation of the process of public policy making. The paper gives a brief description of the development of the phase narrative in parallel with the development of public policies as an academic discipline, and also presents the fundamental criticisms of such an approach. The last part of the paper discusses the possible role of stages heuristics in the future development of theoretical approaches to the discipline of public policy.
Welchen Beitrag kann das Recht auf Nahrung zur Überwindung der globalen Ernährungskrise leisten? Statt das Ziel einer hungerfreien Welt als Utopie abzutun, werden Menschenrechtsklagen als wirksame ...Instrumente beschrieben, um Diskurse über Ursachen von Nahrungsunsicherheit anzuregen und die Ergreifung notwendiger Anti-Hunger-Programme zu beschleunigen. Aufbauend auf der nationalen und internationalen Rechtsprechung zum „right to food“ werden drei Zugangsrechte entwickelt: das Recht auf soziale Fürsorge, das Recht auf ein ausreichendes Einkommen und das Recht auf Selbstversorgung. Angesichts globaler Gefährdungslagen, die sich etwa in abrupt schwankenden Weltagrarpreisen sowie dem Klimawandel offenbaren, wird zudem eine transnationale Schutzdimension begründet. Die Bedeutung grenzüberschreitender Menschenrechtsdiskurse wird exemplarisch anhand von zwei Fallstudien zum Agrardumping und zur Förderung von Biokraftstoffen verdeutlicht.
Environmental problems – particularly climate change – have become increasingly important to governments and social researchers in recent decades. Debates about their implications for social policies ...and welfare reforms are now moving towards centre stage. What has been missing from such debates is an account of the history of the welfare state in relation to environmental issues and green ideas.
A Green History of the Welfare State fills this gap. How have the environmental and social policy agendas developed? To what extent have welfare systems been informed by the principles of environmental ethics and politics? How effective has the welfare state been at addressing environmental problems? How might the history of social policies be reimagined? With its lively, chronological narrative, this book provides answers to these questions. Through overviews of key periods, politicians and reforms the book weaves together a range of subjects into a new kind of historical tapestry, including: social policy, economics, party politics, government action and legislation, and environmental issues.
This book will be a valuable resource for students and scholars of environmental policy and history, social and public policy, social history, sociology and politics.
Why do some attempts to conclude alliance treaties end in failure? From the inability of European powers to form an alliance that would stop Hitler in the 1930s, to the present inability of Ukraine ...to join NATO, states frequently attempt but fail to form alliance treaties. In Arguing about Alliances, Paul Poast sheds new light on the purpose of alliance treaties by recognizing that such treaties come from negotiations, and that negotiations can end in failure. In a book that bridges Stephen Walt's Origins of Alliance and Glenn Snyder's Alliance Politics, two classic works on alliances, Poast identifies two conditions that result in non-agreement: major incompatibilities in the internal war plans of the participants, and attractive alternatives to a negotiated agreement for various parties to the negotiations. As a result, Arguing about Alliances focuses on a group of states largely ignored by scholars: states that have attempted to form alliance treaties but failed. Poast suggests that to explain the outcomes of negotiations, specifically how they can end without agreement, we must pay particular attention to the wartime planning and coordinating functions of alliance treaties. Through his exploration of the outcomes of negotiations from European alliance negotiations between 1815 and 1945, Poast offers a typology of alliance treaty negotiations and establishes what conditions are most likely to stymie the attempt to formalize recognition of common national interests.
Rad analizira i kritički razmatra političko-ekstremističke zajednice na primjeru /pol/ (Politically Incorrect) zajednice s internetskog foruma 4chan, smještajući je unutar teorijskog modela ...višestrukih tokova te ispitujući njezinu potencijalnu prirodu kao poduzetnika javnih politika. Primjenjuje se eksploratorna kvalitativna analiza političkih ciljeva, motivacije te metoda djelovanja /pol/ zajednice u /pol/ objavama, s ciljem utvrđivanja njezine uloge unutar toka problema, toka javnih politika i političkog toka. Iako analiza ukazuje na sličnost /pol/ zajednice s poduzetnicima javnih politika, u pogledu istaknute predanosti i reputacije, te sposobnosti mijenjanja političke svijesti i percepcije javnosti unutar tokova problema i politike, /pol/ zajednica se pokazala akterom nemoćnim kultivirati veze s formalnim akterima i predlagati ideje unutar toka javnih politika, zbog čega ih se ne može smatrati poduzetnicima javnih politika. Međutim, specifična politička motivacija koja teži razaranju liberalno-demokratskog političkog sustava čini /pol/ zajednicu drugačijim oblikom aktera unutar modela višestrukih tokova – križarom javnih politika, a u širem idejnom kontekstu modela, trovačem primordijalne juhe javnih politika. Takav akter ne pristaje na kompromise, agresivno širi svoje viđenje problema te nameće svoje vrijednosti javnosti, što ga čini potencijalno opasnim za stabilnost političkog sustava.
The article analyzes and critically evaluates the politically extremist communities on the example of the /pol/ (Politically Incorrect) board from the internet forum 4chan, placing it within the multiple streams theoretical model with an emphasis on its potential nature as a policy entrepreneur. An explorative qualitative analysis of political goals, motivations and methods of action of the /pol/ community in the /pol/ posts is carried out, with the aim of determining its role in the problem, policy, and politics streams, as well as the methods through which they act inside each stream. Although the analysis points to similarity between the / pol/ community and policy entrepreneurs, in terms of prominent commitment and reputation, and the ability to change political awareness and public perception within the flow of problem and politics streams, the /pol/ community proves itself to be unable to cultivate ties with formal actors and propose ideas within the solution stream, meaning that it cannot be viewed as a policy entrepreneur. However, its specific political motivation, which aims to destroy the liberal democratic political system, makes the /pol/ community a different form of agent – a policy crusader, and in the broader conceptual context of the model, the poisoner of the primordial soup of public policy. This type of agent does not compromise, aggressively spreads its perception of problems, and forces its own values onto the public, which makes it potentially dangerous for the stability of the political system.
Hezbollah Norton, Augustus Richard
2018, 20180904, 2018-09-04, Volume:
69
eBook
With Hezbollah's entry into the Lebanese government in 2009 and forceful intervention in the Syrian civil war, the potent Shi'i political and military organization continues to play an enormous role ...in the Middle East. A hybrid of militia, political party, and social services and public works provider, the group is the most powerful player in Lebanon. Policymakers in the United States and Israel usually denounce Hezbollah as a dangerous terrorist organization and refuse to engage with it, yet even its adversaries need to contend with its durability and resilient popular support. Augustus Richard Norton's incisive account stands as the most lucid, informed, and balanced analysis of Hezbollah yet written--and this fully revised and updated edition features a new prologue and conclusion, as well as two new chapters largely devoted to the group's recent activities, including its involvement in Syria.Hezbollahis a work of perennial importance and remains essential reading for anyone who wants to understand the Middle East.
