Many millions of people are affected by the trauma of war. Psychologists have a good understanding of how experiences of war impact on memory, but the significance of external environmental ...influences is often disregarded. Memory, War and Trauma focuses on our understanding of the psychosocial impact of war in its broadest sense. Nigel C. Hunt argues that, in order to understand war trauma, it is critical to develop an understanding not only of the individual perspective but also of how societal and cultural factors impact on the outcome of an individual's experience. This is a compelling book which helps to demonstrate why some people suffer from post-traumatic stress while other people don't, and how narrative understanding is important to the healing process. Its multidisciplinary perspective will enable a deeper understanding of both individual traumatic stress and the structures of memory.
Since the 1970s, understanding of the effects of trauma, including flashbacks and withdrawal, has become widespread in the United States. As a result Americans can now claim that the phrase ...posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is familiar even if the American Psychiatric Association's criteria for diagnosis are not. As embedded as these ideas now are in the American mindset, however, they are more widely applicable, this volume attempts to show, than is generally recognized. The essays inCulture and PTSDtrace how trauma and its effects vary across historical and cultural contexts.
Culture and PTSDexamines the applicability of PTSD to other cultural contexts and details local responses to trauma and the extent they vary from PTSD as defined in the American Psychiatric Association'sDiagnostic and Statistical Manual. Investigating responses in Peru, Indonesia, Haiti, and Native American communities as well as among combat veterans, domestic abuse victims, and adolescents, contributors attempt to address whether PTSD symptoms are present and, if so, whether they are a salient part of local responses to trauma. Moreover, the authors explore other important aspects of the local presentation and experience of trauma-related disorder, whether the Western concept of PTSD is known to lay members of society, and how the introduction of PTSD shapes local understandings and the course of trauma-related disorders.
By attempting to determine whether treatments developed for those suffering PTSD in American and European contexts are effective in global settings of violence or disaster,Culture and PTSDquestions the efficacy of international responses that focus on trauma.
Contributors:Carmela Alcántara, Tom Ball, James K. Boehnlein, Naomi Breslau, Whitney Duncan, Byron J. Good, Mary-Jo DelVecchio Good, Jesse H. Grayman, Bridget M. Haas, Devon E. Hinton, Erica James, Janis H. Jenkins, Hanna Kienzler, Brandon Kohrt, Roberto Lewis-Fernández, Richard J. McNally, Theresa D. O'Nell, Duncan Pedersen, Nawaraj Upadhaya, Carol M. Worthman, Allan Young
An expanded and revised edition of the first social work text to focus specifically on trauma, this comprehensive anthology incorporates the latest research in trauma theory and clinical ...applications. It features coverage of the experiences of historically disenfranchised, marginalized, oppressed, and vulnerable groups.
This book addresses the specifics of counselling clients who have suffered major trauma, whether recently or in the past, and includes 18 detailed case examples together with transcripts of sessions. ...It is unique in covering the diagnosis and treatment of the full spectrum of post-traumatic states. This fully updated Third Edition includes the needs of special populations: children/adolescents, refugees and those in pain are also addressed. Additional material includes a new PTSD screening inventory and a counselling competence scale.
As journalists in Iraq and other hot spots around the world continue to face harrowing dangers and personal threats, neuropsychiatrist Anthony Feinstein offers a timely and important exploration into ...the psychological damage of those who, armed only with pen, tape recorder, or camera, bear witness to horror. Based on a series of recent studies investigating the emotional impact of war on the profession, Journalists under Fire breaks new ground in the study of trauma-related disorders.
Feinstein opens with an overview of the life-threatening hazards war reporters face—abductions, mock executions, the deaths of close colleagues—and discusses their psychological consequences: post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, deterioration of personal relationships, and substance abuse. In recounting the experiences of reporters who encounter trauma on the job, Feinstein observes that few adequate support systems are in place for them. He tells the stories of media veterans who have seen it all, only to find themselves and their employers blindsided by psychological aftershocks.
The book explores the biological and psychological factors that motivate journalists to take extraordinary risks. Feinstein looks into the psyches of freelancers who wade into war zones with little or no financial backing; he examines the different stresses encountered by women working in a historically male-dominated profession; and he probes the effects of the September 11 attacks on reporters who thought they had sworn off conflict reporting. His interviews with many of this generation's greatest reporters, photographers, and videographers often reveal extraordinary resilience in the face of adversity.
Journalists under Fire is a look behind the public persona of war journalists at a time when the profession faces unprecedented risk. Plucking common threads from disparate stories, Feinstein weaves a narrative that is as fascinating to read as it is sobering to contemplate. What emerges are unique insights into lives lived dangerously.
Objective
The 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11) has proposed two related trauma diagnoses: Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (CPTSD). Using a ...newly developed, disorder‐specific measure of PTSD and CPTSD called the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) the current study will (i) assess the factorial validity of ICD‐11 PTSD and CPTSD; (ii) provide the first test of the discriminant validity of these constructs; and (iii) provide the first comparison of ICD‐11, and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM‐5), PTSD diagnostic rates using disorder‐specific measures.
Method
ICD‐11 and DSM‐5 PTSD‐specific measures were completed by a British clinical sample of trauma‐exposed patients (N = 171). The structure and validity of ICD‐11 PTSD and CPTSD were assessed by means of factor analysis and assessing relationships with criterion variables.
Results
Diagnostic rates under ICD‐11 were significantly lower than those under DSM‐5. A two‐factor second‐order model reflecting the distinction between PTSD and CPTSD best represented the data from the ITQ; and the PTSD and CPTSD factors differentially predicted multiple psychological variables.
Conclusion
The factorial and discriminant validity of ICD‐11 PTSD and CPTSD was supported, and ICD‐11 produces fewer diagnostic cases than DSM‐5.
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Objective
The purpose of this study was to finalize the development of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ), a self‐report diagnostic measure of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and ...complex PTSD (CPTSD), as defined in the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11).
Method
The optimal symptom indicators of PTSD and CPTSD were identified by applying item response theory (IRT) analysis to data from a trauma‐exposed community sample (n = 1051) and a trauma‐exposed clinical sample (n = 247) from the United Kingdom. The validity of the optimized 12‐item ITQ was assessed with confirmatory factor analyses. Diagnostic rates were estimated and compared to previous validation studies.
Results
The latent structure of the 12‐item, optimized ITQ was consistent with prior findings, and diagnostic rates of PTSD and CPTSD were in line with previous estimates.
Conclusion
The ITQ is a brief, simply worded measure of the core features of PTSD and CPTSD. It is consistent with the organizing principles of the ICD‐11 to maximize clinical utility and international applicability through a focus on a limited but central set of symptoms. The measure is freely available and can be found in the body of this paper.
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Objectives
This study investigated the frequency of traumatic experiences, prevalence rates of ICD‐11 post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD), and overlap with ICD‐10 ...classified disorders in outpatient psychiatry.
Method
Overall, 165 Danish psychiatric outpatients answered the International Trauma Questionnaire, the Life Event Checklist, and the World Health Organization Well‐being Index. ICD‐10 diagnoses were extracted from the hospital record. Chi‐square analysis, t‐tests, and conditional probability analysis were used for statistical analysis.
Results
Nearly, all patients (94%) had experienced at least one traumatic event. CPTSD (36%) was more common than PTSD (8%) and had considerable overlap with ICD‐10 affective, anxiety, PTSD, personality, adjustment and stress‐reaction disorders, and behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence. ICD‐11 PTSD overlapped with ICD‐10 anxiety, PTSD, adjustment and stress‐reaction disorders, and behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence. A subgroup of patients with ICD‐10 PTSD (23%) did not meet criteria for ICD‐11 PTSD or CPTSD.
Conclusion
Traumatic experiences are common. ICD‐11 CPTSD is a highly prevalent disorder in psychiatric outpatients. One quarter with ICD‐10 PTSD did not meet criteria for either ICD‐11 PTSD or CPTSD. PTSD and CPTSD had considerable overlap with ICD‐10 disorders.
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"Cop Doc's Guide to Public Safety Complex Trauma Syndrome" is written in response to the need for an advanced, specialized guide for clinicians to operationally define, understand, and responsibly ...treat complex post-traumatic stress and grief syndromes in the context of the unique varieties of police personality styles. The book continues where Rudofossi's first book, "Working with Traumatized Police Officer Patients", left off. Theory is wed to practice and practice to effective interventions with police officer-patients. The 'how' and 'why' of a clinician's approach is made highly effective by understanding the distinct personality styles of officer-patients. Rudofossi's theoretical approach segues into difficult examples that highlight each officer-patient's eco-ethological field experience of loss in trauma, with a focus on enhancing resilience and motivation to - otherwise left disenfranchised. Thus, this original work expands the ecological-ethological existential analysis of complex PTSD into the context of personality styles, with an emphasis on resilience - without ignoring the pathological aspects of loss that often envelop officer-patient trauma syndromes.
Foreword by Dr. Allan W. Benner
Preface by Dr. Ken Doka
Acknowledgments
INTRODUCTION Engaging Public Safety Officers Suffering from Police Complex PTSD Syndromes: An Ecological-Ethological—Existential Analysis of the Five Police Personality Styles
PART I Foundations: Theory of Police and Public-Safety Complex PTSD
CHAPTER 1 Police and Public-Safety Complex PTSD (PPS-CPTSD): Toward an Integration of the Five Hubs of Loss
PART II Emerging from PPS-CPTSD: Unmasking Five Police Personalities
CHAPTER 2 A Primer on Police Personality Styles as Adaptation to Complex Trauma
CHAPTER 3 Toward Achieving an Effective Eco-Ethological–Existential Analysis with the Five Varieties of Public Safety Personality Styles
PART III Eco-Ethological–Existential Analytic Therapy on the Front Line
CHAPTER 4 Provoking Motivation through the Field of Despair in the Multiangular Polychromatic Lens of Dissociation via Eight Officer-Patients’ Odysseys
Glossary
Epilogue: Toward an Antidote to Terrorism: An Eco-Ethological– Existential Analysis
Index
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