Prunus amygdalus (PA) is a popular invasive seed utilized in the management of diabetes in Jammu and Kashmir, India. The objective of the current study was to scrutinize the antidiabetic effect of ...Prunus amygdalus (PA) against Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats and explore the possible mechanism of action at cellular and sub-cellular levels. Box Benkan Design (BBD) was performed to determine the effect of PA powder to methanol, extraction time and extraction temperature on DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity of decoction. In-silico study was performed on GLUT1 (5EQG) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) (2G63) protein. Type II diabetes mellitus was initiated by single intra-peritoneal injection of STZ. The Blood Glucose Level (BGL) and body weight were estimated at regular interval of time. The different biochemical parameters such as hepatic, antioxidant, and lipid parameters were estimated. At end of the study, pancreas was used for histopathological observation. The variation in DPPH antiradical scavenging activity 40.0-90.0% and ABTS antiradical scavenging activity 34-82%, were estimated respectively. STZ induced DM rats showed increased BGL at end of the experimental study. PA treatment significantly (p < 0.001) down-regulated the BGL level. PA significantly (p < 0.001) altered the biochemical, hepatic and antioxidant parameters in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological examination demonstrated the constructive mass of β-cells in pancreas. Overall, the current study indicates that the PA treatment down-regulated the hyperglycemic, oxidative stress and hyperlipidaemia in diabetic rats, due to inhibition of enzymes or amelioration of oxidative stress.
Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
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Almond fruit consists of three or correctly four portions: kernel or meat, middle shell, outer green shell cover or almond hull and a thin leathery layer known as brown skin of meat or seedcoat. The ...nutritional importance of almond fruit is related to its kernel. Other parts of fruit such as shells and hulls were used as livestock feed and burned as fuel. In the past decades, different phenolic compounds were characterised and identified in almond seed extract and its skin, shell and hull as almond by-products. In addition, polyphenols are abundant micronutrients in the human diet, and evidence for their role in the prevention of degenerative diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases is emerging. The health effects of polyphenols depend on the amount consumed and on their bioavailability. In this contribution, various phenolic compounds present in almond and its by-products, their antioxidant properties and potential use as natural dietary antioxidant, as well as their other beneficial compounds and applications are reviewed.
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•Production of low carbon biofuel from prunus amygdalus dulcis (sweet almond).•Find the suitability of prunus amygdalus dulcis oil in diesel engine through performance, emission and combustion ...parameters.•Test the engine in premixed charge compression ignition engine (PCCI) mode using hydrogen to improve the performance and emissions.
There is a need to find alternative fuels to replace the fossil fuels and also to reduce the harmful emissions. Biomass based fuels are one such alternate fuel to diesel. The main aim of this study is to find the suitability of sweet almond oil (Prunus amygdalus dulcis oil) in compression ignition engine (CI), moreover to enchance the performance and emission parameters by premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion with hydrogen fuel. A decrease in diesel engine performance was observed with the blend. Further to reduce the fossil fuel consumption, hydrogen was introduced in the intake manifold. As hydrogen is inducted well before the combustion, it makes premixed charge with intake air for better combustion. The results reveal that 30LPM (litres per minute) hydrogen flow rate lead to maximum improvement in engine performance. Compared to the blend, the thermal efficiency increased by 8.38 % at full load, and a reduction of 70 %, 56 % and 27 %, for HC, CO and smoke emissions respectively was observed. However, an increase of 14 % in NO emission was observed. Hydrogen addition along with SAO20 (20 % blending of sweet almond oil biodiesel in diesel) operation increases the in-cylinder peak pressure from 79.8 bar to a maximum of 89.5 bar at full load. Hydrogen increases the rate of heat released in the premixed combustion but the peak heat release rate is delayed with different hydrogen flow rates due to lower centane number of the combustible mixture. The novelty of this paper is to run the engine with unexplored low carbon biofuel prunus amygdalus dulcis oil in diesel engine and also to improve the performance by premixed hydrogen fuel.
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Young almond ( Prunus amygdalus ) orchards replanted where old orchards of stone fruits ( Prunus sp.) have been removed are subject to physical, chemical, and biotic stressors. Among biotic ...challenges, for example, is almond/stone fruit replant disease (ARD; formally known as Prunus replant disease), which specifically suppresses the growth and yields of successive almond and other stone fruit plantings and is caused, in part, by a soil microbial complex. During four orchard trials representing different almond replant practices and scenarios in the San Joaquin Valley in California, we examined the impacts of phosphorus (P) fertilization on the growth of replanted almond. During all trials, P was applied to tree root zones just after replanting, and the impact was assessed according to trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) growth for 2 years. Expt. 1 was performed where a previous almond orchard was cleared using whole orchard recycling (i.e., the old orchard was “chipped” and then turned into the soil). The land was replanted without preplant soil fumigation. We tested separate fertilizer treatments based on various P, nitrogen, micronutrient, and “complete” formulations. Expt. 2 was also performed where an old almond orchard was recycled, but the soil was preplant-fumigated before replanting. Here, we tested only P fertilization. Expts. 3 and 4 were conducted where an old peach ( Prunus persica ) orchard was removed. Here, P and nitrogen fertilizer treatments were tested among additional factors, including preplant soil fumigation (Expts. 3, 4) and whole orchard recycling chips (Expt. 4). During all four trials, P fertilization (P at 2.2 to 2.6 oz/tree within a few weeks after planting) significantly increased TCSA growth. The growth benefit was nuanced, however, by almond cultivar, date of replanting, rootstock, and other site-specific factors. Although P fertilization did not match the benefit of preplant soil fumigation for the management of ARD, our data indicated that P fertilization can improve the growth of young almond orchards in diverse replant settings with or without preplant soil fumigation and should be considered by California almond producers as a general best management practice.
•Drough stress affect on lower quality of almond kernel.•‘GF 677’ had a better response to drought stress than Myrobalan plum.•Drought tolerance was related to higher flavonoid accumulation.•Water ...deficit can be decreased with appropriate graft combination.
The study was designed to investigate chemical composition and kernel quality of almond cultivars ‘Troito’, ‘Marcona’ and ‘Texas’ grafted on Myrobalan plum seedlings and ‘GF 677’ rootstock under drought stress. Oil content varied from 53.34% (‘Marcona’) to 58.11% (‘Texas’), and protein content was in a range from 17.36% (‘Texas’) to 23.02% (‘Troito’). ‘GF 677’ contributed to a higher content of oleic and lower content of linoleic acid during favourable conditions but had the opposite trend during drought. Regarding flavanols, the most abundant in all three cultivars was epigalocatechin, followed by catechin. From the results it is concluded that scions on ‘GF 677’ were better adapted to water stress conditions in comparison with Myrobalan plum seedlings as they had significantly higher kernel weight, kernel ratio, and yield per tree. Also, kernel quality attributes, contents of proteins, oleic acid, and oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio were higher, while the content of amandin decreased. Furthermore, an increase of flavanols (especially epigallocatechin gallate) on ‘GF 677’ could have led to the enhancement of drought tolerance. Besides the fact that water deficit decreased the majority of chemical components in almond kernels, the grafting combination ‘Texas’/’GF 677’ can be grown in drought conditions without significant loss of kernel quality.
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This research work investigated the optimization of biodiesel production from Sweet Almond (Prunus amygdalus) Seed oil (SASO) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Networks ...(ANN) models through base (NaOH) transesterification. The Central Composite Design (CCD) optimization conditions were temperature (30 °C to 70 °C), catalyst concentration (0.5%w/w to 2.5% w/w), reaction time (45 min–65 min) and oil/methanol molar ratio (1:3 mol/mol to 1:7 mol/mol). The physico-chemical properties of the seed oil and the methyl ester were carried out using standard methods. The fatty acids were determined using GC-MS and characterized using FT-IR techniques. An optimized biodiesel yield of 94.36% from the RSM and 95.45% from the ANN models respectively were obtained at catalyst concentration of 1.5w/w%, reaction time of 65 min, oil/methanol molar ratio of 1:5 mol/mol and temperature of 50 °C. The quality of the RSM model was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Model statistics of the ANN showed comfortable values of Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 6.005, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 2.786 and Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) of 1.89306. The RSM and ANN models gave coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9446 and correlation coefficient (R) of 0.96637 respectively.
•Sweet almond seed oil biodiesel production optimized using statistical models.•The results of RSM and ANN models are comparable with high accuracy.•Optimum conditions were at low factor values.•Reaction time has the greatest effect on the biodiesel yield.•The methyl ester would emit less air pollutants and have low thermal efficiency.
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8.
Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Seed Meal Burnett, Christina L.; Bergfeld, Wilma F.; Belsito, Donald V. ...
International journal of toxicology,
12/2023, Volume:
42, Issue:
3_suppl
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety reviewed updated information that has become available since their original assessment from 1983, along with updated information regarding product ...types, and frequency and concentrations of use, and reaffirmed their original conclusion that Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis (Sweet Almond) Seed Meal is safe for topical application to humans in the practices of use and concentration as described in this report.
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•Oil content, fatty acids and tocopherol homologues were determined in Spanish almonds.•Very high content of oleic acid was found in ‘Muel’.•Very high content of α-tocopherol was found in ...‘Araguayo-2’.•These results will be informative in designing crosses in breeding almond for quality.
Total oil content and concentrations of the major fatty acids and of the tocopherol homologues were determined in the kernel oil of 44 local almond cultivars originated in the different Spanish growing regions. The ranges of variability for the different parameters was similar to those already reported for almond, such as 50.58–64.95% of dry matter (DM) for oil content, 64.97–79.59% of oleic acid in the total oil, and 313.0–616.1mg/kg oil for α-tocopherol. Despite these ranges of variability, extremely high values were obtained in some genotypes, such as very high content of oleic acid in ‘Muel’ and of α-tocopherol in ‘Araguayo-2’. These ranges of variability indicate that this collection reflects a high level of diversity and the importance of maintaining and characterising such a diverse germplasm collection. The knowledge of this diversity may be extremely useful in identifying interesting parents to be included in a breeding programme as a response to new selection objectives, such as the improvement of the chemical quality of the almond kernel.
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Climate change is expected to impact the spring phenology of perennial trees, potentially altering the suitability of land for their cultivation. In this study, we investigate the effects of climate ...change on the bloom timing of almond orchards, focusing on California, the world's leading region for almond production. By analyzing historical climatic data, employing a model that considers hourly temperatures and fall non-structural carbohydrates to predict bloom dates, and examining various Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) scenarios, we assess the potential impacts of climate shifts on plant phenology and, consequently, on land suitability for almond farming. Our findings reveal that, within the next 30 years, the land suitable for almond production will not undergo significant changes. However, under unchanged emission scenarios, the available land to support almond orchard farming could decline between 48 to 73% by the end of the century. This reduction corresponds with an early shift in bloom time from the average Day of Year (DOY) 64 observed over the past 40 years to a projected earlier bloom between DOY 28-33 by 2100. These results emphasize the critical role climate shifts have in shaping future land use strategies for almond production in Central Valley, California. Consequently, understanding and addressing these factors is essential for the sustainable management and preservation of agricultural land, ensuring long-term food security and economic stability in the face of a rapidly changing climate.
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