In vitro propagation techniques particularly apply for genotypes, where classic approach fails to succeed or if it is less efficient. One of these cases is compactly growing plum cultivar ‘Dwarf’, ...which considerably complicates the nursery propagation due to its shortened internodes. For in vitro micropropagation of this plum, we tested the Murashige and Skoog (1962) growth media with cytokinin added: 6-benzylaminopurine, thidiazurone or 2- isopentenyladenine. The highest multiplication coefficient (2.56) was achieved at 4 mg/L of 6-benzylaminopurine.
Pollination and temperature are predominant factors affecting the progamic phase of sexual plant reproduction. In light of climate change and the emergence of increasing temperatures, new knowledge ...is necessary to encourage fruit breeding programmes to develop cultivars adapted to these changes, as well as to find the best incompatibility relationships with the aim of achieving high fruit quality and yield. This research was conducted to reveal the effect of pollination treatments and temperature on the progamic phase and fruit set in three European plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars (‘Jojo’, ‘Hanita’ and ‘Katinka’) resistant/tolerant to Sharka virus using fluorescent microscopy. Reproductive parameters (flowering overlapping, pollen germination, number of pollen tubes in the upper part of the style and locule of the ovary, dynamics of pollen tubes growth and initial and final fruit set) were investigated in vivo under different pollination treatments (cross, open and self-pollination). The influence of different temperature regimes (20 °C, 23 °C and 26 °C) on the progamic phase was also observed under cross and self-pollination. The pollination treatments significantly influenced the number of pollen tubes in the style and ovary, as well as dynamics of pollen tubes in different regions of pistil. Pollen tubes showed better growth in different crossing combinations compared to open and self-pollination. Higher temperatures accelerated pollen tube growth and reduced the time they need to reach ovules. Generally, ‘Jojo’ appeared to be the best pollenizer among the examined cultivars, while ‘Katinka’ exhibited the best response of pollen tube growth to various temperature regimes. The differences observed between growth of the pollen tubes in each genotype-temperature combination revealed that certain crossing combinations were better adapted to higher temperatures so this can be taken into account as one of the adjustments to climate change. The ability of cultivars to respond to high temperatures in the progamic phase can also be helpful for breeding programs in developing new cultivars better adapted to different temperature conditions.
•The progamic phase and fruit set were evaluated under different pollination treatments and temperature regimes.•Pollination treatments influenced the number of pollen tubes and their dynamics within the pistil, as well as fruit set.•High temperatures accelerate the growth of the pollen tube and reduce the time to reach the ovules.•Different pollination treatments can be considered as part of climate change adaptation strategies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•The physical properties of plum powders were significantly affected by drying methods.•The highest polyphenols content was observed when combined drying methods were used.•Browning index might be ...used as a temperature-dependent quality indicator.•Hydroxymethylfurfural can be used as quality indicator for plum powder production.
Physicochemical quality parameters of plum powders obtained by applying conventional drying methods and their combination devised to process plums were evaluated. The effect of freeze-drying (FD), vacuum drying (VD), convective drying (CD), microwave-vacuum drying (MVD) and combination of convective pre-drying and microwave finish-drying (CPD-MVFD) affected physical (bulk density, porosity, colour, solubility) and chemical (polyphenolic compounds determined by UPLC and antioxidant capacity by TEAC ABTS and FRAP methods) properties of plum powders. The MVD at 1.2Wg−1 and a novel combination for plum powders production – CPD-MVFD at 70°C/1.2Wg−1 allowed the best preservation of phenolic compounds and increased the efficiency of production. Results obtained support the use of MVD and its combination for better quality of dried plum products. The study proved that the determination of the browning index and HMF level (formed via Maillard reaction) might be good tool for monitoring the thermal processing of plum powders.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
This study used prunus (Prunus domestica L.) as the test material, self-made desiccant (88% potassium carbonate, 8% ethanol, 3% ethyl oleate, 1% potassium hydroxide) and commercial desiccants (Lüzhu ...brand, Izumi brand, Xinxing brand and Cuilü brand) were used to treat prunus, and the effects of desiccants on the water loss rate, quality and physical and chemical characteristics of dried fruits were investigated. Results showed that the self-made desiccant had obvious advantages over the commercially available desiccants in the dehydration of dried fruits, and under the same conditions, the fruit dehydrated by self-made desiccant was the fastest, up to 26.25%. In addition, the content of soluble solids and titratable acid in prunes treated with different desiccants increased obviously, and the effect of self-made desiccant was better than that of Cuilü desiccants. As for texture characteristics, the hardness and chewiness of dried prunes were increased, but the hardness of dried prunes treated with self-made d
In the present work, fourteen cultivars of Prunus domestica were analyzed to investigate their phenolic pattern with the purpose of using the leaves as potential resources of bioactive compounds in ...the pharmaceutical and food industry. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and sugaring-out liquid–liquid extraction techniques were optimized in order to obtain an exhaustive multi-component panel of phenolic compounds. The best phenolic-enriched recovery was achieved using MAE in water:methanol (30:70), and this procedure was further applied for quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in real samples. In order to prove the safeness of these extracts, the biological potential of the Prunus cultivars was tested by several in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory assays. Moreover, their cytotoxicity was evaluated on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), and in most of the cases the treatment with different concentrations of extracts didn't show cytotoxicity up to 500 μg/mL. Only ‘Carpatin’ and ‘Minerva’ cultivars, at 250 and 500 μg/mL, reduced partially cell viability of HGFs population. Noteworthy, Centenar cultivar was the most active for the α-glucosidase inhibition (6.77 mmolACAE/g extract), whereas Ialomița cultivar showed the best antityrosinase activity (23.07 mgKAE/g extract). Overall, leaves of P. domestica represent a rich alternative source of bioactive compounds.
•Determination of phenolic compounds in cultivars of Prunus domestica dry leaves.•Optimization of DLLME, SULLE, MAE of 14 cultivars of Prunus domestica.•Cytotoxicity of each extract against human gingival fibroblasts was performed.•Enzyme inhibitory assays were performed on extracts of Prunus domestica leaves.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
•Assessment of primary and secondary metabolites of the plum cultivars selected in Serbia.•Autochthonous cultivars showed the highest content of primary metabolites.•High amount of total sugars, ...sugars/acid ratio, flavanols and anthocyanins in ʻNada’.•Higher total phenolics in ‘Crvena Ranka’ and ‘Nada’ compared to standard cultivars.•ʻNada’ can be recommended for the expansion in production, processing and breeding.
The aim of this study was to assess content of primary and secondary metabolites of 18 plum cultivars selected in Serbia. Autochthonous cultivar ʻCrvena Ranka’ exhibited the highest level of total sugars (174.3 g/kg FW) while cultivar ʻMildora’ had the highest sugars/acids ratio (17.2). Cultivar ʻNada’ also contained high sugars/acid ratio as well as a high level of glucose and total sugars. Compared to the other cultivars, ʻNada’ had a higher content of anthocyanins (27.14 mg/100 g FW), ʻCrvena Ranka’ neochlorogenic acid (23.21 mg/100 g FW) and flavanols (86.15 mg/100 g FW) but also the highest antioxidant activity. The PCA analysis confirmed that ʻNada’ and ʻCrvena Ranka’ demonstrated better results in terms of sugars and antioxidant activity than the standard cultivars grown in Serbia and can be recommended for increased plum growing for fresh consumption, processing and in the breeding of plum with enhanced nutritional content.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
•Chemical composition of plum fruit was more cultivar- than rootstock-dependent.•Twenty phenolic compounds were identified in plum skin, and fourteen in plum flesh.•Rootstocks affected the content of ...most phenolic compounds in skin and flesh.•Rootstocks had influence on glucose, sucrose, and trehalose contents.•Rootstocks had influence on potassium, calcium, and copper contents.
This paper presents the chemical composition of the fruits of three European plum cultivars (‘Cacanska Rana’, ‘Cacanska Lepotica’, and ‘Cacanska Najbolja’) grafted on four rootstocks (Myrobalan, ‘Pixy’, ‘Fereley’, and ‘St. Julien A’). The rootstock/cultivar combinations significantly influenced the content of most of the phenolic compounds in the plum skin and flesh. The total anthocyanin content in the skin ranged from 1.87 to 7.33 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside g−1 fresh weight. The major phenolic compound in the skin was rutin, which ranged from 95 to 238 mg kg−1, while in the flesh, cinnamic acid and catechin were dominant. The total sugar content in the fruit ranged from 66.2–147 mg g−1. The highest glucose and fructose contents were in ‘Cacanska Lepotica’, then in ‘Cacanska Najbolja’, and the lowest were in ‘Cacanska Rana’ cultivar. The highest contents of glucose and sucrose were found in fruits from trees grafted on Myrobalan rootstock, and the lowest in fruits from trees grafted on ‘St. Julien A’ rootstock. The rootstocks significantly influenced the potassium, calcium, and copper contents in the plum fruit. The results of this study demonstrate the significant effect of rootstocks on the phenolic and sugar profiles, and on the mineral content of the plum fruits.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Assessment of plum fruit quality depending on the rootstock.•Jojo showed high sugars and phenols content.•Wavit produced fruit with high content of neochlorogenic acid and flavanols.•High amount of ...individual, total sugars and sugars/acids in combination Jojo/Weiwa.•Rootstocks Wavit and Weiwa can be recommended for intensive plum plantations.
The study was aimed at assessing chemical composition of fruits of plum cultivars ʻČačanska Lepoticaʼ and ʻJojoʼ grafted on four rootstocks with different mechanisms of resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV): sensitivity, ʻWavitʼ and ʻWeiwaʼ and hypersensitivity, ‘Docera 6’ and ‘Dospina 235’. The cultivar significantly influenced on content of sugars and organic acids, with the highest values in cultivar ʻJojoʼ. The highest content of sucrose, sorbitol and total sugars were found in ʻWeiwaʼ, and all individual and total acids were higher in fruits from trees grafted on ʻWavitʼ. On the one hand ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ had a high content of malic acid, but on the other hand a low content of citric and fumaric acids, regardless of the rootstock. The most abundant phenolic compounds, phenolic acids and flavanols, were shown to be at the highest level in the combinations ʻČačanska Lepoticaʼ/ʻDocera 6ʼ and ʻJojoʼ/ʻWavitʼ, whereas less abundant phenolic compounds, flavonols and anthocyanins, were the highest in the combinations ʻČačanska Lepoticaʼ/ʻWavitʼ and ʻJojoʼ/ʻWeiwaʼ. In order to improve nutritive fruit quality and the technology of growing, as well as to delay the spread of PPV, rootstocks ʻWavitʼ and ʻWeiwaʼ can be recommended for further promotion in modern plum plantations.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The influence of seedling and clonal rootstocks of different spreads on Prunus domestica L. plum fruits quality and productivity of Yaichnaya Sinyaya and Utro varieties was studied. The significant ...change of productivity and the fruit weight of the varieties under study was to determine under the influence of the rootstock. Depending on the scion-stock combination the plum tree's productivity varied from 7.5 kg/tr. (Utro/140-1) to 15.1 kg/tr. (Yаichnaya Sinyaya /Novinka) at the mean value of 11.5 kg/tr. Medium-growing rootstocks Novinka and OPA-15-2 provided the maximum value of the varieties productivity The significant productivity decrease relatively to seedling rootstock was stated for the combinations with low-growing rootstock 140-1. Soluble solids content in the fruits of Yаichnaya Sinyaya variety is higher than in the fruits of Utro variety, moreover, the highest values were determined on Novinka and OPA-15-2 rootstocks: on 4 – 4.5% higher in comparison with the fruits on the seeding rootstock at average. The rootstock causes less influence on titratable acids. The antioxidant activity of Yаichnaya Sinyaya variety fruits is 30% higher than that of Utro variety fruits on average. The maximum values of antioxidant activity in Yаichnaya Sinyaya variety fruits were fixed on OPA-15-2 rootstock (16.37%), the minimal ones – on Skorospelka Krasnaya rootstocks (14.68%). In the fruits of Utro variety the highest values were stated on OP-23-23 rootstock (13.16%), and the lowest ones – on the seedling rootstock (10.93%). The content of phenolic compounds sum is 60% higher in the fruits of Yаichnaya Sinyaya variety than in Utro variety ones on average. The decrease of the content of phenolic compounds sum was stated in the fruits of Utro variety on all the rootstocks in comparison with the combination Utro/seedling rootstock. The decreasing series of ash elements accumulation (K > P > Ca > Mg > Mo > S > Zn > Si) was determined. The strongest variety differences on total mineral element content were overvalued on medium-growing clonal rootstocks (Novinka, OP-23-23 and OPA-15-2). OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23 rootstocks provided the highest fruit quality on the combination of economic and biochemical parameters.
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