The study applied the concept of parasocial interaction (PSI) to TV programs to identify whether it triggers a young audience's travel intentions. Although viewing documentary series that induce ...interests in different local cultures can lead to intentions to visit the featured destinations, the psychological mechanism underlying audiences' travel intentions has not been established. The current study's purposes were to investigate the viewing motives that enhance audiences' PSI with television programming that introduces local cultures, examine the relationships among audiences' PSI, perceived well-being, and travel intentions, and test whether perceived well-being mediates the link from PSI to travel intentions. Based on the survey data from 381 undergraduate students who have viewed a Chinese documentary program, A Bite of China, the hypothesized model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results revealed that three viewing motives (entertainment, information, and relaxation) of the four dimensions predicted audiences' PSI, which, in turn, enhanced their perceived well-being and travel intentions. Additionally, the data confirmed audiences' perceived well-being mediates the effect of PSI on travel intentions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The formation of amyloid fibers is associated with a diverse range of disease and phenotypic states. These amyloid fibers often assemble into multi-protofibril, high-order architectures in vivo and ...in vitro. Prion propagation in yeast, an amyloid-based process, represents an attractive model to explore the link between these aggregation states and the biological consequences of amyloid dynamics. Here, we integrate the current state of knowledge, highlight opportunities for further insight, and draw parallels to more complex systems in vitro. Evidence suggests that high-order fibril architectures are present ex vivo from disease relevant environments and under permissive conditions in vivo in yeast, including but not limited to those leading to prion formation or instability. The biological significance of these latter amyloid architectures or how they may be regulated is, however, complicated by inconsistent experimental conditions and analytical methods, although the Hsp70 chaperone Ssa1/2 is likely involved. Transition between assembly states could form a mechanistic basis to explain some confounding observations surrounding prion regulation but is limited by a lack of unified methodology to biophysically compare these assembly states. Future exciting experimental entryways may offer opportunities for further insight.
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HIV-1 RNA dimerization is a critical step in viral life cycle. It is a prerequisite for genome packaging and plays an important role in reverse transcription and recombination. Dimerization is ...promoted by the DIS (dimerization initiation site) hairpin located in the 5' leader of HIV-1 genome. Despite the high genetic diversity in HIV-1 group M, only five apical loops (AAGCGCGCA, AAGUGCGCA, AAGUGCACA, AGGUGCACA and AGUGCAC) are commonly found in DIS hairpins. We refer to the parent DISes with these apical loops as DIS
, DIS
, DIS
, DIS
, and DIS
, respectively. Based on identity or similarity of DIS hairpins to parent DISes, we distributed HIV-1 M genomes into five dimerization groups. Comparison of the primary and secondary structures of DIS, SD and Psi hairpins in about 3000 HIV-1 M genomes showed that the mutation frequencies at particular nucleotide positions of these hairpins differ among the dimerization groups, and DIS
may be an origin of other parent DISes. We found that DIS, SD and Psi hairpins have hundreds of variants, only some of them occurring rather frequently. The lower part of DIS hairpin with G x AGG internal loop is highly conserved in both HIV-1 and SIV genomes. We supposed that the G-quadruplex, located 56 nts downstream of the Gag start codon, may participate in switching of HIV-1 leader RNA from BMH (branched multiple hairpins) to LDI (long distance interaction) conformation.
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The state-of-the-art method for controlling temperature-induced global lateral buckling of a subsea pipeline is to engineer deliberate buckles at widely spaced locations. These buckles are engineered ...either by the installation process – i.e. ‘snake-laying’ or by installing subsea structures known as buckle initiators at each intended buckle location. The pre-deformed pipeline is new alternative method that involves continuously pre-deforming the pipeline prior to installation onto the seabed. This pre-deformation causes a significant reduction in axial stiffness and therefore significantly increases the buckle initiation temperature. It also allows thermal expansion to be accommodated throughout the pipe length via expansion of the pre-deformed curvatures, rather than being concentrated at specific buckle locations. This paper presents the influence of two of the variabilities in a pre-deformed pipeline design on the buckling performance: the initial out-of-straightness and the lateral pipe-soil interaction. The results show that the concept of a pre-deformed pipeline is robust and the success of the scheme is not affected by these two uncertainties. The pre-deformed pipeline is shown to be a self-governing system where the maximum strain is self-limited at any location. Pipeline pre-deformation is therefore proven to be a cost effective, safe and valuable tool for controlling pipeline lateral buckling.
•The effect of the variability of the pipeline initial out-of-straightness and pipe-soil interaction on the pre-deformed pipeline for controlling lateral buckling is studied.•The finding in this paper shows that pre-deformed pipeline is a robust system is not affected by the local out-of-straightness during lateral buckling.•It is also found that the pre-deformed pipeline is not influenced by the local variability of lateral pipe-soil interaction but rather a global mean in the behaviour during lateral buckling.•It is concluded that pre-deformed pipeline can be installed and operated safely at very high temperatures and not affected by the local variability in out-of-straightness and lateral pipe-soil friction.
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Resumen En este artículo se revisan algunos elementos que intervienen en la conformación de la subjetividad de los estudiantes al interior del contexto escolar chileno. El objetivo, en ese sentido, ...es bosquejar algunas hipótesis en torno al impacto del plano normativo en el perfil del estudiante cuando está confrontado a la dimensión del rendimiento escolar. Para este fin se toma como marco de análisis la noción de gubernamentalidad desarrollada por Michel Foucault (2006), que atiende a la puesta en forma de un marco administrativo dirigido a la esfera de la población en complemento con la dimensión individual. De este modo, y teniendo a la base la experiencia chilena, se analizan algunos dispositivos del cotidiano escolar que, al alero de un marco normativo basado en principios de inclusión, no discriminación y al mismo tiempo de modernización en sus mecanismos de gestión, actúan como campo de regulación y administración de aquellas conductas que, por su desajuste frente a las expectativas de rendimiento educativo, se vuelven objetos de patologización, intervención, corrección y medicalización. El lugar de la psicometría y su relación con el individuo como célula de análisis, la pertinencia de los saberes psi, como enclave clínico-terapéutico al interior de la trama escolar son, entre otros, algunos de los resultados preliminares que contribuyen este análisis.
Abstract This article reviews some elements that intervene in the conformation of the subjectivity of students within the Chilean school context. The objective, in this sense, is to outline some hypotheses about the impact of the normative level in the student’s profile when confronted with the dimension of school performance. For this purpose, the notion of governmentality developed by Michel Foucault is taken as a framework for analysis, which attends to the setting up of an administrative framework aimed at the sphere of the population in complement with the individual dimension. Based on the Chilean experience, the paper analyzes some dispositif of the daily school that act as field of regulation and administration of those behaviors that, due to their mismatch with the expectations of educational performance, become objects of pathologization, intervention, correction, and medicalization. This situation is produced under the umbrella of a regulatory framework based on principles of inclusion, non-discrimination and at the same time of modernization in its management mechanisms. Some of the preliminary results that contribute to this analysis are the place of psychometry and its relationship with the individual as a cell of analysis; and the relevance of ‘psy knowledge’, as a “clinical-therapeutic” enclave within the school framework.
The term "retroactive avoidance" refers to a special class of effects of future stimulus presentations on past behavioral responses. Specifically, it refers to the anticipatory avoidance of aversive ...stimuli that were unpredictable through random selection after the response. This phenomenon is supposed to challenge the common view of the arrow of time and the direction of causality. Preliminary evidence of "retroactive avoidance" has been published in mainstream psychological journals and started a heated debate about the robustness and the true existence of this effect. A series of seven experiments published in 2014 in the Journal of Consciousness Studies (Maier et al., 2014) tested the influence of randomly drawn future negative picture presentations on avoidance responses based on key presses preceding them. The final study in that series used a sophisticated quantum-based random stimulus selection procedure and implemented the most severe test of retroactive avoidance within this series. Evidence for the effect, though significant, was meager and anecdotal, Bayes factor (BF.sub.10) = 2. The research presented here represents an attempt to exactly replicate the original effect with a high-power (N = 2004) preregistered multi-lab study. The results indicate that the data favored the null effect (i.e., absence of retroactive avoidance) with a BF.sub.01 = 4.38. Given the empirical strengths of the study, namely its preregistration, multi-lab approach, high power, and Bayesian analysis used, this failed replication questions the validity and robustness of the original findings. Not reaching a decisive level of Bayesian evidence and not including skeptical researchers may be considered limitations of this study. Exploratory analyses of the change in evidence for the effect across time, performed on a post-hoc basis, revealed several potentially interesting anomalies in the data that might guide future research in this area.
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Poetic Confluence Wooffitt, Robin
Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition,
07/2022, Volume:
2, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This paper is an exploratory sociological analysis of poetic confluence, a spontaneous telepathic phenomenon that occurs in everyday social interaction. In poetic confluence, one person’s talk ...exhibits an enigmatic relationship to another’s unstated thoughts or imagery at that moment. The analyses draw from an empirical approach called Conversation Analysis, a formal qualitative method for the analysis of naturally occurring interaction in everyday life. In Conversation Analysis, talk-in-interaction is analyzed as coordinated and sequentially organized action. The focus on the action orientation of talk informs this analysis, treating poetic confluence as a form of social action. The data are (unavoidably) anecdotal accounts of experiences. Although the techniques of Conversation Analysis cannot be applied to anecdotal reports, its methodological principles and substantive focus can inform a systematic analysis of anecdotal data. A case is made for the robustness of poetic confluence via analysis of recurrent properties found in examples from three corpora of candidate cases. The analysis identifies three interpersonal functions of poetic confluence: its role in restoring mutual attention; its affiliative, affective function; and its role as a mechanism for managing threats to social propriety, or keeping “face.” In the discussion, alternative skeptical explanations are assessed; the empirical approach is framed in terms of Cardeña’s (2019) observations on the metaphoric quality of some psi phenomena and Carpenter’s (2012) first sight theory, and some suggestions are offered for further research on social interaction and psi phenomena.
In illuminated leaves, mitochondria are thought to Introduction play roles in optimizing photosynthesis. However, the roles of the cytochrome pathway (CP) and alternative oxidase (AOX) in ...photosynthesis, in particular in the redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, are not separately characterized. We examined the effect of specific inhibition of two respiratory pathways, CP and AOX, on photosynthetic oxygen evolution and the redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport chain in broad bean (Vicia faba L.) leaves under various light intensities. Under saturating photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD; 700 micromol photon/square m/s), inhibition of either pathway caused a decrease in the steady-state levels of the photosynthetic O2 evolution rate and the PSII operating efficiency, Phisub(II). Because these inhibitors, at the concentrations applied to the leaves, had little effect on photosynthesis in the intact chloroplasts, two respiratory pathways are essential for maintenance of high photosynthetic rates at saturating PPFD. CP or AOX inhibition affected to Chl fluorescence parameters (e.g. photochemical quenching and non-photochemical quenching) differently, suggesting that CP and AOX contribute to photosynthesis in different ways. At low PPFD (100 micromol photon/square m/s), only the inhibition of AOX, not CP, lowered the photosynthetic rate and Phisub(II). AOX inhibition also decreased the Phisub(II)/Phisub(I) ratio even at low PPFD levels. These data suggest that AOX inhibition caused the over-reduction of the photosynthetic electron transport chain and induced the cyclic, electron flow around PSI (CEF-PSI) even at the low PPFD. Based on these results, we discuss possible roles for CP and AOX in the light.
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