Using a door-to-door approach to integrate inter- and intra-city travel times, this paper simulates the changes in regional territorial and population accessibility, spatial equity, as well as the ...winner and loser cities resulting from High-speed rail (HSR) network development in the Yangtze River Delta, China. HSR network development has a minimal effect on decreasing the disparity in overall territorial accessibility but leads to an obvious decrease in the disparity in population accessibility. Seven types of winner and loser cities are summarised according to their net winner population and stations locations. Poor access to the city center from HSR stations is a common issue for many cities in the YRD, and more integrated development is needed for future HSR planning and construction.
•We develop a door-to-door approach to measure territorial and population accessibility from HSR network development.•We find obvious disparity decrease of population accessibility but a minimal disparity change of territorial accessibility.•Seven types of winner and loser cities are summarised according to their net winner population and stations location.•Seven types of winner and loser cities are summarised according to their net winner population and stations location.•Poor access to the city centre from HSR stations is a common issue for many cities in the YRD.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
To balance the limited capacity and constantly changing demand in the high-speed rail network, a transport capacity optimization problem is investigated by adjusting train composition through ...uncoupling/coupling operations at the origin station, scheduling additional trains from the capacity pool, and optimizing the seat allocation among ODs. To make joint decisions, a two-stage stochastic programming model is formulated to minimize both operating cost and penalty cost for unsatisfied passengers, while incorporating various constraints such as flow conservation, loading capacity, flexible composition, etc. The two-stage model is linearized into a mixed-integer linear programming model, which can be effectively solved for small networks but is still intractable to solve for realistic networks. Therefore, a Lagrangian relaxation algorithm is proposed integrating parallel computing and sub-gradient method. Finally, two sets of case tests, including a toy network and a real-world case of a high-speed rail network in China, are implemented to show the performance of the proposed approach. The results illustrate that the parallel heuristic algorithm could generate a high-quality solution with a slight discrepancy from the optimal solution, while achieving a commendable computation time. Furthermore, the findings emphasize the advantages of applying flexible train composition and additional capacity pool in the high-speed railway system for cost-saving and supply–demand matching.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Approaches to the creation of methods of technical diagnosis of choker and interchoker jumpers, as well as the determination of their pre-failure states are considered in the article. Timely ...detection of a pre-failure condition allows to eliminate the fault in timely manner, and to avoid failure of an element and the system as a whole. As a result, train downtime is reduced, reputational risks and financial losses are mitigated. Practical application of the obtained results is possible during building of systems for monitoring of the technical condition of the traction rail networks (both DC and AC). Development and implementation of these systems is necessary due to the development of heavy-weight traffic on the railroad network and the transition to unmanned technologies. Similar systems have found wide application in the railway automation and telemechanics industry, and their distribution in the railroad infrastructure complex shall become a priority, which will require the development of new technical solutions, as well as science-based methods of data collection and processing, including the use of technologies of the fourth industrial revolution, such as neural networks and BigData.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
High-speed rail (HSR) networks in China profoundly altered China's urban tourism spatial patterns. This paper examines the characteristics and evolution of spatial patterns of the urban hinterland ...before and after HSR network. Economic relation model and spatial analysis in ArcGIS were utilized on 338 national prefecture-level administrative units. The results show: (1) HSR strengthens tourism-based economic relationships between cities, and demonstrates a “corridor” effect of the spatial distribution of the change rates of tourism external economic relationships; (2) Center cities with larger tourism comprehensive scale are enhanced with expanding trans-province hinterland; the hinterland of central cities are enlarged, of which spatial linkages between the hinterlands are increased; (3) the competition and difference for the hinterland of central cities are intensified. Based on these, this paper proposes a tourism spatial structure with 19 urban agglomerations, 6 1st-class and 21 2nd -class tourist economic zones, and strategies for optimizing China's tourist space.
•To divide the hinterland of tourist cities in non-HSR and HSR networks.•To analyze the impact of the HSR on national tourism hinterland.•To propose China's tourist urban agglomeration and optimization measures.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
With sustainability becoming a fundamental concept in development, there has been a growing emphasis on corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. This paper examines how the ...high-speed railway (HSR) network would affect enterprises' ESG performance by constructing an indicator of HSR network advantages based on social network analysis (SNA). We found that the HSR network advantages can enhance corporate ESG performance, and this effect is achieved by alleviating financing constraints and promoting corporate technological innovation. Meanwhile, the effect of HSR network advantages on corporate ESG performance is more pronounced in private firms, low-polluting industries, and cities with high initial transportation resource endowments. Furthermore, we further examine the impact of the sub-dimensional characteristics of the HSR network on corporate ESG performance. We found that degree centrality (DC), betweenness centrality (BC), and closeness centrality (CC) all have a positive effect on enhancing firms' ESG performance, but closeness centrality (CC) produced the largest impact.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The capital of Romania is the main railway hub of the country. As such, the railway network around the capital is quite extensive, with main cities around it being directly connected by rail. Despite ...this, there are no regular train services for commuters, similar to other large European cities. This paper aims to analyze the current state of railway passenger transport in the region surrounding Bucharest, to highlight the weaknesses of the network and to present a guideline for the implementation of an efficient commuter service. 100 stations in and around the city were evaluated with regard to their degree of accessibility (DoA), defined as the location of the station relative to the nearest settlement. Train frequency, travel times and journey costs were determined for each line originating in Bucharest. These variables were compared to their road equivalents to highlight the differences between these two modes of transport. Low train frequency and the remoteness of many stations were determined to be the main obstacles in establishing an appropriate commuter service. Reworking future timetables to prioritize commuter trains is proposed as a short-term solution, while line improvements and better integration with existing public transport are set as priorities.
Many existing studies on the robustness assessment of high-speed rail (HSR) networks use HSR services derived from timetable data as an alternative indicator of actual passenger flow. This ...alternative method has inherent limitations because of the various capacities and seat allocations among different HSR services operated between the same station pairs, leading to a biased evaluation of network robustness. Using an actual ticket sales dataset and HSR timetable data, this study integrates passenger volume into the robustness evaluation of China's HSR network. Moreover, this study proposes systematic methods to assess the robustness of HSR networks at the station and large-scale network levels, with procedure indicators. We design random failure and target attack simulation scenarios in un-weighted, travel-time-weighted, and flow-weighted networks. Simulation is conducted from 2014 to 2016, and with a medium-and long-term HSR network plan in China. Using the methodological advances and empirical studies, we find that China's HSR network became less robust first, and then enhanced robustness strength during network expansion. The significance of integrating passenger flow data in the robustness assessment is confirmed, as the same attack strategy may affect the total travel time and the number of passengers delivered differently. In addition, the proposed indicators are useful for capturing the procedure failure of HSR networks and critical stations.
•We integrate actual passenger flow into the robustness assessment of HSR networks.•Systematic evaluation methods are proposed at a station level and a network level.•Simulation is conducted in un-weighted, travel-time-weighted, and flow-weighted networks.•The robustness of China's High-speed rail network is enhanced after slight reduction during the expansion.•The impact of procedure failure on travel time and passenger flow is different.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•We investigate urban freight transportation using passenger rail network.•We identify relevant issues at strategical, tactical and operational levels.•We study the Freight-Rail-Transport-Scheduling ...Problem.•We formulate the studied problem into a mixed integer program.•We propose many heuristics to solve the problem.•We develop a discrete-event simulation framework.
This paper addresses a real-life problem arising in the ongoing “Grand Paris” project. We investigate an environment-friendly urban freight transportation alternative using passenger rail network, by providing a decision support tool for decision makers to assess the technical feasibility, the impact on services to passengers, the needs in infrastructure and hence in investment. We identify relevant scientific issues that need to be addressed in this topic at strategical, tactical and operational levels. Then we focus on the Freight-Rail-Transport-Scheduling Problem which provides valuable information to and constitutes a basis for other related problems. This problem is first formulated into a MIP. We prove its NP-hardness and hence propose a heuristic based on dispatching rules and a single-train-based decomposition heuristic. The performances of these heuristics are evaluated via employing a discrete-event simulation approach, which also provides a general framework which supports decision-makers in modelling and evaluating the dynamics of such a system for various alternative solutions under various scenarios.
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•Optimize N-track train schedules through simultaneous rerouting and rescheduling.•Introduce a cumulative flow variables-based representation to capture various practical ...constraints.•Propose a Lagrangian relaxation solution framework with an efficient shortest path algorithm.•Simultaneous rerouting and rescheduling models provide a reduction of consecutive delays compared to sequential approaches.
Train dispatching is critical for the punctuality and reliability of rail operations, especially for a complex rail network. This paper develops an innovative integer programming model for the problem of train dispatching on an N-track network by means of simultaneously rerouting and rescheduling trains. Based on a time–space network modeling framework, we first adapt a commonly used big-M method to represent complex “if-then” conditions for train safety headways in a multi-track context. The track occupancy consideration on typical single and double tracks is then reformulated using a vector of cumulative flow variables. This new reformulation technique can provide an efficient decomposition mechanism through modeling track capacities as side constraints which are further dualized through a proposed Lagrangian relaxation solution framework. We further decompose the original complex rerouting and rescheduling problem into a sequence of single train optimization subproblems. For each subproblem, a standard label correcting algorithm is embedded for finding the time dependent least cost path on a time–space network. The resulting dual solutions can be transformed to feasible solutions through priority rules. We present a set of numerical experiments to demonstrate the system-wide performance benefits of simultaneous train rerouting and rescheduling, compared to commonly-used sequential train rerouting and rescheduling approaches.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Network control theory is first applied here to study the controllability of a High-speed Rail Network (HRN) in terms of delivering emergency supplies. The full controllability or target ...controllability of an HRN (i.e., controlling the amount of emergency supplies delivered at all stations or target control stations) can be achieved when the amount of emergency supplies transported from some appropriate stations is efficiently controlled. To identify the optimized controlling stations, a model is proposed for minimizing the number of controlling stations and maximizing the sum of trains departing from controlling stations, which effectively and quickly controls an HRN in terms of delivering emergency supplies. The proposed model is demonstrated in a case in which the delivery of emergency supplies by China’s HRN is controlled during the COVID-19 epidemic. The result shows that the sum of trains departing from the optimized controlling stations obtained through the proposed method is higher than that of the optimized controlling stations obtained through the commonly used maximum match method, and thus, the proposed method can obtain a better solution. The proposed method helps operators to identify the optimized controlling stations for effectively controlling an HRN in terms of delivering emergency supplies, and thus helping respond to emergency events.
•Achieves full or target controllability of a high-speed rail network in terms of delivering emergency supplies.•Optimizes the set of stations for the controllability of a high-speed rail network.•The model is effective in fully controlling China’s high-speed rail network for delivering medical supplies during the COVID-19 epidemic.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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