The features of knowledge and technology as factors of modern economic development have been analyzed, as well as their essential characteristics in the public goods theory. It has been proven that ...knowledge and the results of fundamental scientific research are characterized by the properties of non-competitiveness and indivisibility in consumption, as their consumption by one subject does not reduce their consumption by others. It is substantiated that knowledge of applied nature and the results of applied research lose the properties of public goods due to the recording of intellectual property rights. The expenditure budget on scientific research in some countries has been analyzed. It has been found out that constant reduction of the R&D expenditures share in the GDP and significant reduction of fundamental research funding preserves Ukraine’s scientific and technological lag behind the world’s leading countries and makes rapid technological renewal of the domestic economy impossible. It has been found out that economic entities receive the innovation rent at the first lifecycle phase of the technology, given the existence of a mechanism for patenting research and development results and the monopoly rights of the owners of new technologies for their exclusive use. However, the monopoly on new technologies is not an absolute one due to the threat of information leakage in the process of interaction with potential buyers and copying or imitation of new products or new processes at the stage of getting them into actual practical use. It has also been proven that at the accelerated diffusion phase, such technologies acquire the features of a mixed public good.
The article outlines the tasks facing higher education institutions in the context of digitalization and acceleration of the knowledge updating process, which are aimed at creating a sustainable ...system for acquiring competencies, entrepreneurial skills and civic duties among students, teachers and employees.
Performance indicators of all-Ukrainian student Olympiads, All-Ukrainian competitions of research works in Ukraine in 2009–2019 analyzed, to find out the patterns of organization of various intellectual competitions of students and their regional features. The factors contributing in the growth of participation of students from higher education institutions in these events were determined. It is indicated that the share of new organizational forms of Olympiads such as business games, blitz tournaments, solving situational problems, performing essay tasks, practical tours with employers’ support and participation is increasing. The results of a survey of 200 higher education institutions on student participation in international competitions held abroad and their prizes in 2015 and 2019 are presented. The tendencies of student involvement in international competitions abroad, in international, all-Ukrainian conferences, seminars for students and young researchers are outlined.
Areas for improvement of intellectual competitions of students with account to priorities of modernization and technological development of the Ukrainian economy, employer needs and social demands are formulated. It is proposed to introduce comprehensive forms and methods for stimulating students' interest in learning and self-development, obtaining high-quality education through intellectual games such as scholarship, grant or competitive ones. Evidence is given of the need to reform the nomenclature of specialties with highlighting the disciplines or the modules of disciplines in which the following types of all-Ukrainian intellectual competitions of students should be held: subject Olympiads, competitions of student research works, professional competitions.
Scientific research in the area close to the Russian Antarctic station Vostok has been carried out since its founding on December 16, 1957. The relevance of work to study the region is steadily ...increasing, which is confirmed by the Strategy for the Development of Activities of the Russian Federation in the Antarctica until 2030. As part of the Strategy implementation, Saint Petersburg Mining University solves the comprehensive study issues of the Vostok station area, including the subglacial Lake Vostok, related to the development of modern technologies and technical means for drilling glaciers and underlying rocks, opening subglacial reservoirs, sampling water and bottom sediments, as well as carrying out comprehensive geological and geophysical research. For the successful implementation of the Strategy, at each stage of the work it is necessary to identify and develop interdisciplinary connections while complying with the requirements for minimizing the impact on the environment. During the season of the 68th Russian Antarctic Expedition, the staff of the Mining University, along with the current research works, began research of the dynamic interactions between the forces of the Earth, from the deepest depths to the surface glacier. Drilling and research programs have been completed. The drilling program was implemented jointly with colleagues from the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute at the drilling complex of the 5G well. The research program included: shallow seismic studies, core drilling of snow-firn strata, study of the snow-firn strata petrostructural features, studies of cuttings collection filters effectiveness when drilling snow-firn strata and the process of ice destruction in a reciprocating rotational method, bench testing of an acoustic scanner. As a result of drilling in 5G well at the depth range of 3453.37-3534.43 m, an ice core more than 1 million years old was obtained.
The current research work summarizes some previous research works on horizontally curved beams. Because of curvature, torsional effects in the analysis and design should be included. Diameter of ring ...beam, number of supports, beam width, compressive strength of the concrete, and bearing plate width. Which can be summarized from previous studies is that increasing diameter of ring by about 25-75% decreases the capacity load by about 14-36%, while increasing number of supports by about 33-100%, beam width by about 25-75%, compressive strength of concrete by about 24-76%, and bearing plate width by about 25-75% increases the capacity load by about 62-189%, 25-75%, 24-76%, and 5-16%, respectively due to the beam section increase and/or its properties. Frequently, reinforced concrete deep ring beams exhibit shear failure in a manner similar to straight beams. Strut and tie model (STM) and plastic analysis are useful tools for efficiently analyzing ring or curved deep beams. In addition, the nonlinear three-dimensional finite element modeling is typical for predicting the deep curved beams strength and behavior.
En este artículo se analizan los proyectos finales de investigación guiada de los estudiantes de un curso universitario de botánica. Este trabajo históricamente se ha centrado en la observación, pero ...consideramos que debería tener como objetivo promocionar la competencia de indagación. Por ello se propuso a una parte del alumnado estructurar su estudio a partir de una pregunta. La evaluación de las presentaciones finales aplicando los instrumentos NPTAI y NCI mostró que los estudiantes que elaboraron y respondieron una pregunta investigable alcanzaron niveles de las habilidades relacionadas con la comprensión de los pasos de un proceso de indagación significativamente superiores respecto a aquellos alumnos que no la incluyeron. Sobre la base de la simplicidad del cambio implementado y su impacto en el alumnado, se propone modificar las prácticas experimentales tradicionales incluyendo problemáticas que investigar al inicio de estas.
Power systems can be affected by unpredicted and unavoidable faults and failures, making security assessment an important challenge, which requires significant research works. An overview of this ...critical area, as presented here, shows that the security assessment has transformed from a deterministic to risk‐based methods, with two broad categories, risk assessment and risk identification. First, a detailed discussion of risk assessment is given to summarise different methods to solve the problems of equipment failure probability model, scenarios formation, and severity assessment. Further, comprehensive survey and prospect for risk identification are provided as a roadmap to determine the risk source directly. Risk identification techniques such as tracking method, sensitivity analysis, and risk source identification help operators to take effectively preventive action and restore system security.
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Article is devoted to a complex research of opportunities and obstacles of development of capacity of domestic knowledge-intensive branches. As a key branch the aviation industry is chosen. Authors ...considered a problem of efficiency of the organization and performance of research works in domestic aircraft industry. The results of a research received when carrying out the comparative, horizontal and vertical analysis of effectiveness of the Russian scientific organizations and similar foreign companies are stated. Following the results of a research authors drew a conclusion on prevalence of low stability of financing of aviation science that leads to increase in risk of not achievement of target level of characteristics in the set terms and insufficiency of a scientific and technical reserve.
The aim of the article is analyzing the patterns and trends prevailing in the scientific sphere of Ukraine to identify the main problems in its development. As a result of the study, the main ...regularities and trends in the development of science in Ukraine are determined. It is proved that the development of science in Ukraine is contradicting the global trends. The main indicators characterizing the state of scientific development of the country, namely the changes in the number of scientific institutions; number of researchers; qualitative composition of researchers; distribution of funding for scientific and technological works; structure of sources of funding scientific and technological works; structure of expenditures on the implementation of scientific and technological works; share of scientific and technological works in GDP; number of scientific and technological works, applications and patents for inventions; number of innovatively active industrial enterprises, including those that provide funding for research and development. The study made it possible to identify the main problems in the development of the science sector and suggest directions for their solving. Prospects for further research in this area are the justification of specific measures for steering the domestic scientific sphere out of the crisis and the elaboration of recommendations on the formation of a strategy for the development of scientific and technological activities.
В статье дан обзор современной историографии проблемы социальных девиаций в повседневной жизни российского социума конца XIX – начала XX века. Изучение исторической наукой сферы девиантных явлений ...позволяет применять полученные результаты к сегодняшней социальной действительности, что наделяет изучение социальных аномалий прошлого высоким практическим значением и актуальностью. Рассмотрены публикации, отражающие состояние изучения различных форм отклоняющего поведения: преступность, проституция, пьянство, суицид. В рассматриваемых работах отражены актуальные течения современной социальной истории и истории повседневности: «микроистория», обращающая внимание на девиантные практики рядовых обывателей, «новая локальная история», определявшая региональный (отдельные регионы России) и территориальный (провинциальный город и деревня) характер исследования, «гендерная история», подчеркивающая внимание к половым различиям в девиантных проявлениях. Обобщены концептуальные выводы исследователей, определена проблематика научного поиска.
El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar las capacidades y dificultades que muestran los bachilleres (18 años) en la competencia de indagación. Para analizar las características de la ...competencia de indagación se ha diseñado un instrumento de evaluación, el NPTAI, inspirado en las rubricas del Practical Test Assessment Inventory propuesto por Tamir, Nussinovitz y Friedler. Se ha aplicado al análisis de los trabajos de investigación autónoma realizados por un grupo de alumnos de bachillerato científico y ha permitido determinar en qué procesos muestran mayores dificultades. La recodificación de los resultados obtenidos con el NPTAI ha permitido establecer una escala ordinal de niveles de competencia de indagación de los bachilleres o NCI.
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